高一情态动词导学案.doc

高一英语语法 情态动词导学案 学生姓名- 课时数：2-3课时 编撰：张彩云 【学习目标】1 情态动词的基本用法 2情态动词表推测的用法 3 “情态动词+have done”的用法 4 情态动词的特殊用法 同学们背诵完情态动词的用法后提前认真完成导学案.can, could，be able to 译为“能、可能” 1) 表示能力 Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt use the computer last year.Ill not be able to come this afternoon.He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 总结：表示现在的能力用 ，表示过去的能力用 .当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用 ，不能用can。表示“将来能”用 。2) 表示请求和允许。 -Can I go now? - Yes, you can.（ No, you cant. ）- Could I come to see you tomorrow? - Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. ) 总结：could 不是can的过去式，只是语气 ，在答语中用 代替。 3) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于 和 句中。 Can that be Mike? I thought he was in Greece. This cant be done by him. How can this be true? I thought the story could not be true.注意：can偶尔用语肯定句中译为“有时候会”，表示大部分时间不是这样，只是偶尔发生的事情。 It can be very cold in this part.4) could have done用在 句中可以表示本来能做某事但没做，can/could have done用在 和 句子中表示对过去情况的推测。 I saw Mr.Zhang just now. He couldnt have gone to Beijing. You could have done better, but you didnt try your best. You cant have left so soon.5) 常用句式总结 can +否定词+too/enough表示 You cant be too careful.你越小心越好 You cant remember enough English words.你记越多的英语单词越好。 cant but do sth表示 I cant but admire your bravery.我不得不佩服你的勇气 I could not but choose to go.I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep.4) 表示“偏偏”表示很不巧，通常都是令人不愉快的事。翻译句子：We were ready to leave, but the baby must catch cold. .need译为“需要”1）You neednt come so early. - Need I finish the work today? - Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 总结：need 作情态动词用时, 常用于 和 句中。2）neednt have done 表示 Tom neednt have done it yesterday. 注意need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。The house needs to be painted. Students need to finish their homework today. .shall1) shall 用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示说话人： 。 What shall we do this evening? What shall he do next?2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的 。 You shall fail if you dont work hard. He shall have the book when I finish it. He shall be punished. .should, ought to译为“应该”1) 表示劝告、建议。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 翻译句子：You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the window? 2) 表示推测 通常指有事实依据，常理推断Its nearly seven oclock. He ought to/should be home by now.3）should表示惊讶、遗憾有时与why/who/how等疑问词连用译成“居然、竟然”翻译句子：why should you think so? 4) should/ought to have done 表示 否定形式表示 You should/ought to have paid more attention to your lessons. Tom shouldnt/ought not to have told me secret.will, would译为“愿意、要”1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please? 2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. They asked him if he would go abroad. 3) 区分would和used to During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. She would play here. When we were children, we would/ used to go skating every winter. He used to like you. He used to be a quiet boy. I used to get up early.（过去起早，现在可能不起早了）总结：当表示过去习惯性的动作时，二者 。used to可以与状态动词连用， 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。若强调过去与现在的对比，用 。4) will 常用与第三人称表示习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water.5)would like/love have done本打算做sth但做了别的事情。I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. .dare译为“敢”A. must B. may C. can D. will( )5. -That must be a mistake. -No, it _ a mistake.A. must not be B. neednt be C. can not be D. would not be( )6. Its nearly 7 oclock. Dad _ come home soon.A. can B. could C. would D. should( )7.-Are you coming to Jeffs party?-Im not sure. I _ go to the concert tonight. A. must B. would C. should D. might( )8.I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken( )9.Johnny, you_ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt, must D. cant; shouldnt( )10.I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been四、实战演练（level D）( )1. Its nearly seven oclock . Jack _ be here at any moment.A. must B. need C. should D. could( )2. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to( )3. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to( )4. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should( )5. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _.A. may B. must C. might D. can.may, might译为“也许”1) 表示请求和允许。-Might/ May I smoke in this room? - No, you mustnt. - May/Might I take this book out of the room? - Yes, you may. (No, you cant / mustnt. ) 总结：might比 may语气 ，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用 或 ，表示“不可以，禁止”。注意：用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。 2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! 祝你成功 祝你快乐！ 3) 表示推测、可能性。 He may /might be very busy now. Your mother may /might not know the truth. 总结：表示推测用于 和 句中，疑问句用 代替。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 。4）may/ might have done可能做了某事(猜测) He may/might have gone home. 注意You might have told me earlier!你本可以早点告诉我(实际没有告诉) might have done 表示“过去本可以做某事而没有做。5) 常用句式总结不妨，倒不如 You may as well ask him. You might as well stay with us.很可能 He may well be proud of his son. We might well get injured.must译为“必须”, have to译为“不得不”1) 表示必须、必要 You must come here on time. I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital.- Must we hand in our exercise books today? - Yes, you must.（ No, you dont have to / you neednt.） 总结：表示义务即必须时must强调主观，而 have to 强调 需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（ ），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）. 3) 表示推测、可能， 只能用于 句中。其中must have done表示 Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 1）She darent even look out. Dare you go school by yourself? 总结：dare 作情态动词用时, 常用于 和 句中。dare的特殊句式“我想、我猜” I dare say he will come.巩固训练一、基础题（level A）1总结：猜测: must, may, might, can, could用于肯定句,非常肯定的猜测是 ；用于肯定句,表示可能的猜测是 用于否定/疑问句,过去时用could的是 ；表示预测“应当” 的是 2翻译下列情态动词的否定形式mustnt ； neednt (=dont have to) cant ； may not ；shouldnt（=ought not to） 3总结：情态动词+ have done 本应该做而没做 ； 本不该某事而做了 本可以做而没做 ； 不必做的做了 可能做了某事(猜测) ； 一定做了(猜测) 一定没有做(猜测) 达标训练二、强化题 （level B）( )1. -May I sit beside you, sir? - No, you _. My girlfriend is coming soon.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt ( )2.- _ I speak to Mary, please? -Sorry, she_ come to the phone because she isnt in.A. Might; wont B. Cant; mustnt C. May; cant D. Couldnt; shouldnt( )3. - I want to know if I _ smoke here. - No, you_ . Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there?A. can; neednt B. must; cant C. shall; wont D. may; mustnt( )4. My wife never remembers my telephone number. She always _ look it up. A. must B. should C. would D. has to( )5. - _ you pass me the English magazine, please? - Sure. Here you are.A. Could B. Need C. Must D. Might三、提升题（level C）( )1. A computer _think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not( )2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to( )3.-Where is my uncle, Mary? -He _ in the b