CCNP实验汇总.docx

实验1 用静态路由实现负载均衡实验要求从 R2 发出到达 11.1.1.0/24 网段的流量经过 S0/0 和 S0/1 接口负载均衡。实验步骤按实验拓扑搭建网络，配置各台路由器的IP地址，并且使用ping命令确认各路由器之间直连链路的互通性。R3 配置：R3(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.1 首先保证R3到11.1.1.0网段以及R1到23.1.1.0网段的可用性R1 配置：R1(config)#ip route 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 13.1.1.3R2 配置： R2分别配置两条静态路由，下一跳分别是R1和R3R2(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.1 R2(config)#ip route 11.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.3R2(config)#no ip cef 由于CEF快速交换方式会影响实验结果，因此必须关闭验证结果：在R2上查看路由表：Router#sh ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 23.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1 22.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 22.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 11.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsS 11.1.1.0 1/0 via 23.1.1.3 R2到达11.1.1.0网段的两条等价静态路由，负载均衡 1/0 via 12.1.1.1 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 12.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0在R2上ping 11.1.1.1 !同时在 R1 上观察调试信息R1#debug ip icmpICMP packet debugging is on*Mar 1 01:49:41.127: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1, dst 12.1.1.2*Mar 1 01:49:41.155: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1, dst 23.1.1.2*Mar 1 01:49:41.175: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1, dst 12.1.1.2*Mar 1 01:49:41.183: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1, dst 23.1.1.2*Mar 1 01:49:41.199: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 11.1.1.1, dst 12.1.1.2实验2 用静态路由实现负载均衡2实验要求从 R1 ping R4的4.4.4.4，要求ICMP数据包去和回来走的路径不同，即实现了负载均衡。实验步骤基础配置省略，子网掩码都是/24R1(config)#ip route 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2利用默认路由设置R3到R1的回包路径R2(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.1R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1验证结果：用扩展pingR1#pingProtocol ip:Target IP address: 4.4.4.4Repeat count 5:Datagram size 100:Timeout in seconds 2:Extended commands n: ySource address or interface: 1.1.1.1Type of service 0:Set DF bit in IP header? no:Validate reply data? no:Data pattern 0xABCD:Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, Verbosenone: r PT中不支持这个参数Number of hops 9 :Loose, Strict, Record, Timestamp, VerboseRV:Sweep range of sizes n:Record route: (192.168.1.1) 去 (4.4.4.4) 目的地 (192.168.3.2) 回的路径 (192.168.2.2) 回的路径 (1.1.1.1) 源实验3 RIPv1负载均衡实验要求RIP 的负载均衡由跳数决定，如果跳数相同则起负载均衡，这里我们从 R1 的 Loop0口 ping R3的 S0/1口，因为有 2 条到 R3 的 S0/1口为 2 跳的路径，所以可以起负载均衡。实验步骤1. 路由器基础配置（省略）2. 宣告RIPR1(config)#router ripR1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0R1(config-router)#no auto-summaryR2(config)#router ripR2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0R2(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0R2(config-router)#no auto-summaryR3(config)#router ripR3(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0R3(config-router)#no auto-summary查看R1 上的路由表 R1#show ip routeGateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0R 4.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:17, Serial0/0 120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet1/0C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:26, Serial0/0 120/1 via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:17, FastEthernet1/0我们已经看到到192.168.3.0 去的路由已经产生了负载均衡的现象，他们的跳数是相同的。用扩展ping进一步验证，这里省略。实验4 RIPv2汇总实验实验目的RIP 的第二代协议，它与 RIP 的主要区别在于一个是 RIP 发包走的是广播，RIPv2 发包走的是组播，另外一个就是RIPv2 支持变长 VLSM 可扩展的子网掩码，支持手动汇总，通过实验观察 RIPv2 如何支持 VLSM 以及自动汇总与手动汇总的区别。 实验拓扑实验步骤1.路由器基础配置（省略）2.宣告RIPR1(config )#router rip R1(config-route)#version 2 R1(config-route)#network 1.0.0.0 R1(config-route)#network 10.0.0.0 R1(config-route)#network 192.168.2.0 R1(config-route)#network 192.168.10.0R2(config )#router rip R2(config-route)#version 2 R2(config-route)#network 192.168.2.0 R2(config-route)#network 192.168.3.0R3(config )#router rip R3(config-route)#version 2 R3(config-route)#network 3.0.0.0 R3(config-route)#network 192.168.3.0 R3(config-route)#network 192.168.10.0查看路由表R1#show ip route 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:02, Ethernet0 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets C 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback4 C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback6 C 10.1.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback5 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial0 R2#show ip routeR 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1 R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:29, Serial0 R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1 R 10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R3#show ip routeR 1.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0 3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 R 10.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.1, 00:00:04, Ethernet0 R 192.168.2.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.3.1, 00:00:13, Serial1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 因为 RIPV2 汇总默认是启动的，所以我们在这里看到，在 R2上还是汇总以后的路由表。R1上去掉自动路由汇总，然后观察路由表 R1 (config)#router rip R1 (config-route)#no auto-summary R1#show ip route 1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1 R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:02, Ethernet0 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 5 subnets C 10.1.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback4 C 10.1.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback3 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback2 C 10.1.5.0 is directly connected, Loopback6 C 10.1.4.0 is directly connected, Loopback5 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 R 192.168.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial0R2#show ip route 1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks R 1.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial1 R 1.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0 R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0 R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks R 10.1.3.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial1 R 10.1.2.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1 R 10.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1 R 10.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:02, Serial0 R 10.1.5.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1 R 10.1.4.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0R3#show ip route 省略，没有发生变化观察 R2 上的路由表变化，当我们去掉 R1 上的自动汇总以后，R1 传给 R2 的路由将不再是汇总的。 R1 上设置手动汇总，观察手动汇总的结果手动汇总的命令： R1(config-if)#int s0 R1(config-if)#ip summary-address rip 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 观察R2的路由表：R2#show ip route 1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks R 1.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0 R 1.1.1.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial1 R 3.0.0.0/8 120/1 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0 R 192.168.10.0/24 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:01, Serial1 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks R 10.0.0.0/8 120/2 via 192.168.3.2, 00:00:01, Serial0 R 10.1.0.0/16 120/1 via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 再次观察 R2 上的路由表与手动汇总之前的不同，显然手动汇总已经起了作用。实验5 RIP单播和被动接口实验目的根据实验的内容我们可以掌握，被动接口在 RIP 中的作用，什么是被动接口，以及起了被动接口有什么好处，另外，单播与被动接口有什么关系，二者如何配合使用。实验拓扑实验步骤1.路由器基础配置（省略）（实验中e0口用f口代替，R1为S1口，R2为S0口）2.宣告RIPR1(config )#router rip R1(config-router )#network 199.99.1.0 R1(config-router )#network 199.99.2.0 R2(config )#router rip R2(config-router )# network 198.98.97.0 R2(config-router )# network 198.98.98.0 R2(config-router )# network 199.99.2.0 R2(config-router )# network 199.99.3.03查看两台路由器的路由表，看路由表象是否已经全。R1#sh ip route R 199.99.3.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1 C 199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 C 199.99.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 R 198.98.97.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1 R 198.98.98.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:25, Serial1 R2#sh ip route C 199.99.3.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 199.99.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 R 199.99.1.0/24 120/1 via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:11, Serial0 C 198.98.97.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1 C 198.98.98.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 4查看两台路由器的数据库，其实数据库才应该是我们真正关心的东西，能够进入数据库就一定可以进入路由表。 r1#sh ip rip da 198.98.97.0/24 auto-summary 198.98.97.0/24 1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1 198.98.98.0/24 auto-summary 198.98.98.0/24 1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1 199.99.1.0/24 auto-summary 199.99.1.0/24 directly connected, Ethernet0 199.99.2.0/24 auto-summary 199.99.2.0/24 directly connected, Serial1 199.99.3.0/24 auto-summary 199.99.3.0/24 1 via 199.99.2.2, 00:00:18, Serial1 r2#sh ip rip da 198.98.97.0/24 auto-summary 198.98.97.0/24 directly connected, Loopback1 198.98.98.0/24 auto-summary 198.98.98.0/24 directly connected, Loopback0 199.99.1.0/24 auto-summary 199.99.1.0/24 1 via 199.99.2.1, 00:00:07, Serial0 199.99.2.0/24 auto-summary 199.99.2.0/24 directly connected, Serial0 199.99.3.0/24 auto-summary 199.99.3.0/24 directly connected, Ethernet05查看 R1中的 debug信息，看 RIP 发包的情况。 r1# 00:57:40: RIP: ignored v1 update from bad source 199.99.3.1 on Ethernet0 00:57:40: RIP: received v1 update from 199.99.2.2 on Serial1 00:57:40: 198.98.97.0 in 1 hops 00:57:40: 198.98.98.0 in 1 hops 00:57:40: 199.99.3.0 in 1 hops r1# 00:57:49: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (199.99.1.1) 00:57:49: RIP: build update entries 00:57:49: network 198.98.97.0 metric 2 00:57:49: network 198.98.98.0 metric 2 00:57:49: netw .99.2.0 me ork 199 tric 100:57:49: network 199.99.3.0 metric 2 00:57:49: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial1 (199.99.2.1) 00:57:49: RIP: build update entries 00:57:49: network 199.99.1.0 metric 1 我们发现 R1把收到的所有的包，以广播的形式向自己直连的接口进行扩散，达到路由学习的目的，如果我们不允许 R1 的这种扩散，我们需要通过被动接口来实现。 6被动接口与 debug 信息 r1(config)#router rip r1(config-router)#passive-interface default /配置所有的接口为被动，所谓被动就是只收不发。 这时候看 debug 得出： 00:57:40: RIP: ignored v1 update from bad source 199.99.3.1 on Ethernet0 00:57:40: RIP: received v1 update from 199.99.2.2 on Serial1 它只是收到数据包，而不发包，这个时候，我们重新计算R1 与R2 的路由表r1#clear ip route