2012年职称英语理工A新增阅读理解第十四篇中英文对照.doc

+第十四篇 Sharks Perform a Service for Earths Waters鲨鱼有益于地球水系It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish perform a valuable service for earths waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their existence .Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.要让人们相信鲨鱼不是人类的死敌不是一件很容易的事。人们认为鲨鱼经常袭击人类。但鲨鱼在为地球水系和人类做着有价值的贡献。商业和捕鱼运动仍在威胁着它们的生存，有些鲨鱼面临着从地球上消失的危险。Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.温暖的气候影响着鱼类和鲨鱼的活动。由于水温变暖，很多鱼类游到海边。专家认为鲨鱼跟随其他鱼类，也来到人类有用的区域。实际上鲨鱼并非故意袭击人类。人们认为，由于鲨鱼将人错认为是海狮等海洋动物，在饥饿时才袭击人类。日出和日落时，正是鲨鱼饥肠辘辘的时候，人们不应该出海游泳。专家还提到鲜艳的色彩和闪光的珠宝也会诱使鲨鱼袭击。A shark has an extremely good sense of smell， It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks fred their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.鲨鱼的嗅觉特别灵敏，能嗅到海水中存在的极为微量的气味，比如血液、体液和动物散发的化学物质。灵敏的嗅觉有助于鲨鱼找到食物。鲨鱼以鱼、其他鲨鱼和海洋植物为生。Medical researchers want to learn more about the sharks body defense, and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. Theystudy the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.医学研究人员想要更多了解的是鲨鱼的身体抗病免疫系统。研究人员发现鲨鱼受伤会很快恢复，他们希望通过研究鲨鱼，找到一种人类抗病的方法。Sharks are important for the worlds oceans .They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great .This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.鲨鱼有益于海洋。它们吃受伤的和生病的鱼。它们的捕猎活动使其他海洋鱼类的数目不会过多，这就保护了海洋中的植物和其他生灵。词 汇:purposely adv.故意地，蓄意地 immune adj.免疫的 charge v.（向）冲（过去） jewelry n.珠宝seal n. 海豹 注 释：1It is hard to get people tO think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy：要让人们相信鲨鱼不是(人类的)死敌不是一件容易的事。anything but意为“决不，远非”，如：His performance in London is anything but a success(她在伦敦的演出完全不成功。)2these fish：这些鱼(指鲨鱼)。fish单复数同形，如：0ne fish，two fish，many fish(见第二段第一句)。3sport fishin9：捕鱼运动。4sense of smell：嗅觉练 习:1. A attack B meet C love D visit2. A terrible B eatable C valuable D possible3. A source B existence C friends D fish4. A Space B Sky C Land D Earth5. A because B since C because of D by reason that6. A whose B which C that D where7. A to B for C like D with8. A times B places C seas D oceans9. A sciences B mathematics C chemicals D physics10. A feelings B senses C touches D tastes11. A those B theseC another D other12. A systems B processes C ideas D circles13. A recover B reform C return D rely14. A rivers B oceans C forests D mountains15. A weak B little C few D great答案与题解：1A本题应选择attack，因为第一句说到：人们认为鲨鱼是a deadly enemy，也就是说鲨鱼会对人类造成伤害。第二句是对deadly enemy的具体说明。其他的三个选项meet，love，visit都不合适，love与上下文意思相反，meet和visit与上下文意思不符。2C空格2所在的句子由but连接，所以该句子表达的意思一定与第二句相反。第二句对鲨鱼的评价是负面的，填入空格2的词应该是正面的。四个选项中只有valuable符合这一条件，所以是答案。3B第三句说到鲨鱼有益于“waters and human beings”，第五句又说到鲨鱼濒临灭绝的危险。根据上下文的意思，threatening(威胁)到它们的应该是existence(生存)。其他的三个选项source，friends，fish都不合适，与上下文意思没有联系。4D如果鲨鱼消失，从什么地方消失呢?当然从earth(地球)上消失。从space(宇宙空间)、sky(天空)中消失，或从land(陆地)上消失，都有悖常理。5C四个选项的意思都是“因为“，但是从用法上分析，because、since和by reason that之后要接句子，because of之后接名词或名词短语。their warm waters是名词短语，所以要选用because of。6D“people also swim”明显是定语从句，其先行词是表示地点的名词area，所以要选关系副词where。7B从上下文判断，本句的意思是：鲨鱼将人错认为是海洋动物。而“将错认为是”的英语表达是mistakefor，所以本题的答案是选项B。8A本段的意思是：鲨鱼并非故意袭击人类。人们认为，由于鲨鱼将人错认为是海狮等海洋动物，在饥饿时才袭击人类。日出和日落时，正是鲨鱼饥肠辘辘的时候，人们不应该出海游泳。空格8填入的词应该与时间有关，所以times是答案，而与地点有关的选项(places seas和oceans)与上下文意思脱节。9C本段第一、二句是说，鲨鱼的嗅觉特别灵敏，能嗅到海水中存在的极为微量的气味。作者举了三个物质：血、体液和化学品。空格9要填入表示物质的名词。四个选项中惟一表达物质的词是chemicals(化学品)。所以chemicals是答案，而其它三个选项与学科有关，脱离了上下文的意思，不是本题的答案。10B在第一、二句意思的基础上，作者进一步说明，灵敏的嗅觉有助于鲨鱼找到食物。所以本题的答案是选项B的senses，因为feelings，touches和tastes都与smells无关。11D 本句的中心词是复数的sharks，another所修饰的名词一般是单数，所以不会是答案。these和those是表特指的代词，指代前面出现过的名词。由于前面没有先行词，所以也不可能是答案。剩下的other是答案，any other sharks的说法也合乎英语的用法。12A从上下文判断，医学研究人员想要更多了解的是“身体抗病system(系统)”，不会是“身体抗病idea(思想)”、“身体抗病工作(work)”或“身体抗病circle(周期)”。13A本段最后一句的意思是：医学研究人员研究鲨鱼的目的是为了找到一种人类抗病的方法。所以空格l3所在句子的意思应该是recover(quickly from injuries)。科学家想要探索的应该是有关受伤鲨鱼recover quickly from injur