oracle_11g_R1_安装教程.docx

Linux Oracle 11g安装：硬件要求：物理内存：1GB。查看现有内存大小的命令:# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo内存与交换分区的一般配置关系：内 存交换分区大小（Swap Space）257MB - 512MB内存大小的二倍513MB - 2048MB内存大小的1.5倍2049MB - 8192MB与内存大小相等大于8192MB内存大小的75%查看交换分区的命令：# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo查看系统剩余内存和交换分区：# free查看共享内存数量的命令：# df -k /dev/shm/查看磁盘空间大小：# df -k /tmp操作系统必须是如下的一种：Asianux 2.0Asianux 3.0Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0SUSE Enterprise Linux 10.0查看操作系统版本的命令：# cat /proc/versionLinux系统内核的最低要求：对Asianux 2.0 ，Oracle Enterprise Linux 4.0 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 ：2.6.9对 Asianux 3.0 ，Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0 和 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.0 ：2.6.18对SUSE Enterprise Linux 10.0 ：1查看内核版本的命令：# uname -r软件包的要求:操作系统要求Packages for Asianux 2，Oracle Enterpris Linux4.0 ，and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0以下的软件包必须安装（等于或者高于所对应的版本号。）The following packages(or later versions) must be installed:binutils-.2-18compat-libstdc+-33.2.3-47.3elfutils-libelf-0.97-5elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97-5glibc--2.19glibc-common--2.19glibc-devel--2.19gcc-3.4.5-2gcc-c+-libaio-devel-0.3.105-2libaio-0.3.105-2libgcc-3.4.5libstdc+-libstdc+-devel-make-3.80-5sysstat-5.0.5unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.11Packages for Asianux 3,Oracle Enterprise Linux 5.0,and Red Hat enterprise Linux 5.0The following packages(or later versions) must be installed:binutils-.6-2.el5compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3-61elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125glibc-2.5-12glibc-common-2.5-12glibc-devel-2.5-12gcc-4.1.2-52gcc-c+-4.1.2-52libaio-0.3.106libaio-devel-0.3.106libgcc-4.1.2-52libstdc+-4.1.2-52libstdc+-devel-4.1.2-52.e15make-3.82-11sysstat-7.0.0unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.11SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10The following packages(or later versions) must be installed:binutils-.5compat-libstdc+-5.0.7glibc-2.4-31.2glib-devel-2.4-31.2gcc-4.1.0ksh-93r-12.9libaio-0.3.104libaio-devel-0.3.104libelf-0.8.5libgcc-4.1.0libstdc+-4.1.0libstdc+-devel-4.1.0make-3.80sysstat-6.0.2unixODBC-2.2.11unixODBC-devel-2.2.11查看软件包的安装情况命令：# rpm -qa package_name防火墙要求：1、无防火墙 。2、禁用SELInux防火墙 。可用过setup 命令更改防火墙设置。也可以：# vi /etc/selinux/config ，确认其中的SELINUX标记如下：SELINUX=disabledrpm -qa binutils compat-libstdc+-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel gcc- gcc-c+ libaio-devel libaio libgcc libstdc+ libstdc+-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel配置内核参数：以root用户登录，修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，在文件中添加以下参数：#For Oraclekernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000net.core.rmem_default = 4194304net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max=262144修改完成以后，以root用户身份运行以下命令：# /sbin/sysctl -p安装前的准备工作：# groupadd oinstall#groupadd dba#useradd -g oinstall -G dba Oracle (设定Oracle用户为oinstall，dba用户组的成员)#passwd Oracle添加Oracle用户的限制参数1. 添加如下内容到 /etc/security/limits.confOracle soft nproc 2047Oracle hard nproc 16384Oracle soft nofile 1024Oracle hard nofile 655362. 添加如下内容到 /etc/pam.d/loginsession required /lib/security/pam_limits.sosession required pam_limits.so3. 添加如下内容到 /etc/profile (BSHELL) （在最后添加，最好手动添加）if $USER = oracle ; thenif $SHELL = /bin/ksh ; thenulimit -p 16384ulimit -n 65536elesulimit -u 16384 -n 65536fifi创建安装所需要的目录：以root用户登录系统，创建安装数据库所需要的一些目录结构。# mkdir p /mount_point/app/# chown R Oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/#chmod R 755 /mount_point/app/其中，mount_point 为读者自己指定的Oracle安装路径。使用root 用户创建安装时使用的临时文件夹。# sudo mkdir /mount_point/tmp# sudo chmod a+wr /mount_ponit/tmpOracle用户下 .bash_profile 文件的内容如下：$ cat .bash_profile# .bash_profile# Get the aliases and functionsif -f /.bashrc ; then . /.bashrcfi# User specific environment and startup programsPATH=$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATHexport ORACLE_BASH=/mount_point/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASH/product/11.1.0/db_1export ORA_CRS_HOME=$ORACLE_BASH/crsexport ORACLE_PATH=$ORALCE_BASH/common/oracle/sql:.:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/adminexport ORACLE_SID=orclexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/binexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/binexport PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_BASH/common/oracle/binexport ORACLE_TERM=xtermexport TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/dataexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_RATH:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/orcacm/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/libexport LIBPATH=$LIBPATH:$ORA_CRS_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/libexport CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOEM/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/net/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/JREexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBKexport LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK在oracle 用户下执行以下命令：$ source .bash_profile没有报错就说明成功。上传Oracle安装文件（.zip文件）可用root用户使用 rz（上传命令）和 sz（下载命令）及其他的上传工具或者命令。# mkdir /soft# chmod -R 777 /soft/# cd /soft/# rz （出现如下对话框）解压文件：# unzip linux_11gR1_database_1013.zip# lsdatabase linux_11gR1_database_1013.zip# chmod R 777 /soft/database# su oracle$ export DISPLAY=23:0.0$ export LANG=” “现在打开Xmanager Enterprise 3 用于导出图形界面：$ cd /soft/database/$ lsREADME doc install runInstaller stage welcome.html$ ./runInstaller Starting Oracle Universal Installer.Checking Temp space: must be greater than 80 MB. Actual 66204 MB PassedChecking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 2055 MB PassedChecking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 PassedPreparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2010-03-26_11-37-12AM. Please wait .现在开始漫长的等待!以root用户运行上面两个脚本，点击OK 。# /home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.shChanging permissions of /home/oracle/oraInventory to 770.Changing groupname of /home/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.The execution of the script is complete# /mount_point/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/root.shRunning Oracle 11g root.sh script.The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle ORACLE_HOME= /mount_point/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: /usr/local/bin: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin . Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin . Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin .Creating /etc/oratab file.Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed byDatabase Configuration Assistant when a database is createdFinished running generic part of root.sh script.Now product-specific root actions will be performed.Finished product-specific root actions.成功！在oracle用户下，测试登录sqlplus ：$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release .0 - Production on Fri Mar 26 12:37:34 2010Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release .0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL登录OEM界面验证安装：数据库安装完成以后可以用sys用户登录OEM界面来验证安装，检查安装结果，默认的登录地址为https:/localhost:1158/em(默认数据库安装完成以后，OEM服务会自动启动，如果需要关闭或者启动OEM服务，可以在$ORACLE_HOME/bin目录下运行$ emctl start|stop dbconsole命令)。Oracle 11g数据库实例的创建：在Linux（Unix）环境下用DBCA创建数据库1 在Oracle用户下在$ORACLE_HOME/bin 目录下运行“dbca”进入交互界面（该命令的运行需要图形终端），如下：# su oracle$ export DISPLAY=23:0.0$ export LANG= $ dbca$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Linux: Version .0 - Production on 27-MAR-2010 05:09:49Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /mount_point/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait.TNSLSNR for Linux: Version .0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /mount_point/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /mount_point/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1/log/diag/tnslsnr/wlw/listener/alert/log.xm