外研必修1 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab.doc

外研必修1 Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab Module 5 A Lesson in a Lab学习目标:一、语音：掌握一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的语调，并能正确朗读。二、词汇： 1.单词：heat metal aim balance oil conclusion contract crucible electricity equipment expand float form iron liquid million quarter react scientific steam substance 2.词组及习惯用语：be supposed to do sth think of make sure at least learn from be different from the same as. put sth in order find out used to do in the last .years/days 三、语法：形容词的比较级： 1倍数的表示法； 2比较级的三种用法：1）表示“越来越”； 2）表示“越，越”； 3）表示程度的副词（much，a little）+形容词的比较级。四、重点难点讲解： 1.heat n. 1)热度；温度 Measure the heat of the water. 测量一下水的温度。 What is the heat of the water in the swimming pool? 游泳池的水冷热如何? 2)热；温暖 the heat of the sun 太阳的热力 The heat from the fire dried their wet clothes. 炉子的高温烘干了他们的湿衣服。 3)热烈；感情激动 to get into a white heat 白热化 In the heat of the argument Mr Rogers lost his self-control. (喻) 在这激烈的争论中,罗杰斯先生失去了自制力。 4)（赛跑中的）预赛 The winners of the heats run in the chief race. 预赛中的得胜者参加决赛跑。 vt, vi 加热，使发热 We heated the soup on the cooker. 我们在炉子上热汤。 The room is heated by stove. 这房间用火炉取暖。 2.metal n 1)金属 a metal ring 金属环 a metal box 金属盒 This bowl is made of metal. 2)铺路碎石 3)(pl) （铁路）路轨 3.aim vt, vi 1)（常与at连用）瞄准；对准 He aimed with the gun. 他用枪瞄准。 She aimed a pistol at the bandit point-blank. 她用手枪直接瞄准强盗。 He aimed the gun at the enemy officer. 他用枪瞄准了敌军官。 2)以为目标 I aim to be a lawyer. 我要当个律师。 He aimed to swim a mile. 他的目标是游一英里。 The factory must aim at developing new models of machines. 该工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。 n. 1)瞄准；对准 The hunter took aim at the wolf. 猎手瞄准狼。 2)目标；目的 What is your aim in life? 你生活的目的是什么? His aim was to swim a mile. 他的目标是游一英里。 The aim is not just to keep busy. 其目的不仅是为了使每个人不致闲着。 4 balance n. 1)天平；秤;平衡 The child couldnt keep his balance on his new bicycle. 孩子骑在他的新自行车上不能保持平衡。 He lost his balance and fell over. 他失去平衡,所以跌倒。 2)均衡 The growth of the new political party upset the balance of power. 新政党的壮大打破了力量的均势。 in the balance（命运）未定，在危急中；不确定 Though her life was in the balance, she thought only of the safety of her fellows. 尽管她生命危急,但她一心只想着她伙伴们的安全。 5.conclusion n. 1)终结，结局 2)结论；决定； 推断 3)缔结；议定 false conclusion 假结论 bring a matter to a speedy conclusion 使事情迅速结束 the conclusion of a peace treaty 缔结和约 词组:come to a conclusion得出结论， 告一段落 draw a conclusion得出结论， 告一段落 reach a conclusion得出结论， 告一段落 at the conclusion of当.完结时 6.contract n 1)合同；契约 sign a contract 签订合同 The contract still holds.契约仍然有效。 2)承包契约；合约书 vt, vi 1)缔结；订（契约） Their firm have contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river. 他们公司已签约承建一座横跨大江的两用大桥。 2)得（病）；负（债）；养成（习惯） He contracted a fever. 他发烧了。 3)使缩起来；使变狭；收缩；缩写 Metal contracts as it cools. 金属遇冷收缩。 “I am” is usually contracted to “Im” in oral speech. “I am”在口语中常常缩略为”Im”。 contract in承包 contract out包出去；给人承包 7.crucible n.1)坩埚; 熔罐; 熔炉;2)严峻的考验 in the crucible of受到.的严峻考验 8.electricity n.1)电；电力;2)电流;3)电学 Do you use electricity for cooking? 你用电做饭吗？ 拓展: electric adj.1)电的，用电的，发电的 an electric spark 电火花 an electric cooker 电炊具 This heavy freighter is driven by two electric motors. 这辆重型运输汽车是由两台电动机驱动的。 2)电力产生的 3)惊人的；令人兴奋的 an electric memory 惊人的记忆力 The presidents speech had an electric effect on the crowd, and the students all cheered him.校长的演说震撼人心,大学生们都向他欢呼。 9.equipment n.(注意:它是一个不可数名词)装配备; 设备; 配件, 器材, 仪器 laboratory equipment实验室设备 equipment and parts器材 The complete equipment of the new hospital will take a year. 这个新医院完全装备起来要花费一年时间。 10.expand vt, vi扩大 The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve. 这个公司已从一个分公司发展到拥有12个分公司了。 Metals expand with heat. 金属遇热膨胀。 The eagle expanded his wings. 雄鹰展翅。 The shipbuilding industry is rapidly expanding. 造船工业正在迅速发展。 11.float vt, vi 1)飘浮；漂浮 Wood floats on water. 木头漂浮在水上。 A feather floated down on the wind.一根羽毛随风飘落。 2)漂动，漂流 The logs float down the river. 木头沿河漂流。 Phillip, can you see something red floating in the distance on the water? 菲利浦,你看见在远处有个什么红色的东西漂浮在水上吗? 12.form n 1)形状；外貌；形体 She has a tall graceful form. 她有着高大优雅的外形。 2)方式；制度 Different countries have different forms of government. 不同的国家有不同的政治制度。 3)形式 form and content 形式与内容 He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好象讨厌任何方式的运动。 4)礼节；仪式；习俗 a form of marriage 结婚仪式 5)表格 If you fill in this form, you can take books out of the library. 如果你填了这张表，就可以把书带出图书馆。 vt, vi 1)形成；产生 A plan began to form in his mind. 计划在他脑子里形成。 One of the most important task for a school is to help and promote to form a childs character. 学校的一个重要任务就是要帮助和促进儿童个性的形成。 2)以形态出现 The buildings formed a hollow square. 建筑呈中空四方形。 3)制造；建造 Eskimoes form igloos out of blocks of ice. 爱斯基摩人用冰块砌圆顶冰舍。 4)养成；培养 to form good habits 养成好习惯 The little girl formed the habit of washing hands before meals. 这个小姑娘养成了饭前洗手的习惯. 5)构成；形成 to form a correct sentence 造一个正确的句子 6)组织；成立 forming a club 组织一个俱乐部 The young people in the workshop have formed themselves into a shock team. 这个车间的青年们组成了突击队。 比较: form, figure, shape 这三个名词的一般含义为“形状”或“外形”。 1.form是个最普通、使用范围最广、含义最多的词，哲学上讲的“形态”，文艺上讲的“体裁”，雕刻艺术上讲的“形状”，以及普通含义的“方式”或“形式”等，它都可以表示。此外，form也可以表示人或动物的“体形”、“外形” Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops. 花园里、建筑物和商店外面竖立着奇形怪状的雕塑形体。 figure可以表示隐约可见的“人影”或“物影”、几何“图形”、人体“外形”、引人注目的人物或塑像等. In the torchlight he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins.在手电光下他看到一个人影，他立刻认出这个人是比尔威尔金斯。 shape 也可以表示“外形”或“形状”以及人物体形。The bridge is so long that the designer had to consider the shape of the earth . 桥身如此的长，以致于它的设计师不得不考虑地球的形状。注：shape 的内涵是：外形之下具有实体。如上一例中shape之“形”包含有地球这个实体。再看下面的例句: Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory. 不久，大大小小各种形状的饼干开始送到这个工厂。 animal shapes shine with red and gold and blue, 各种兽形神像闪耀着红色、金黄色、蓝色， 这三个词的含义差异可以从它们表示的人体外形的差异上来进行辨析。form所指的“人体外形”在意义上很含糊，只是能够认出，但未必看得仔细或看得清楚。 What he saw seemed to be the form of a man.(他所看到的似乎是一个男子的身影)。之所以没看仔细，可能是观察者坐在窗口，那身影一晃而过。 figure 在表示“人体外形”时通常因黑暗而看不清楚，即“人影”，在表示“体形”时与shape的差别在于：figure只强调身体的轮廓，shape既包括躯体轮廓也包含有血有肉的身体。由于form仅表示可以辨认出的人体外形，所以裁缝店里的服装模特儿被称为the dress-makers form; 由于figure强调人体轮廓，所以“她的体形很优美”可以说：She has a very good figure:由于shape既包含轮廓又包含有血有肉的身体，所以“她的身段很好看，但她的女仆一点身段都没有。”可以说：She has a very good shape,but her maid has no shape at all. 基于上面的讨论in the form of，in the figure of,in the shape of 这三个短语虽然都表示“以的形式(状)”，但第一个短语强调可以认出的形式(状)，第二个短语强调轮廓，第三个短语强调实体，如entertainment in the form of opera(以戏剧形式的娱乐)； to cut a piece of paper in the figure of a triangle(把纸剪成三角形)；to form a mass of clay in the shape of a man(把一堆粘土塑造成男人的形状)。in shape 表示的“在外形上”，用于具有实体的事物，而in form 表示的“在形式上”或“在外形上”用于抽象的、无实体的事物. 13.iron n 1)铁 Strike while the iron is hot.(谚)趁热打铁。 2)熨斗 3)(pl) 手铐；脚镣 adj 1)铁的 2)非常粗壮的 vt 熨平（衣服） Would you like me to iron your trousers for you?要我帮你烫一烫裤子吗? 14.substance n. 1)物质, 材料 2)实质, 内容; 主旨; 大意 a mineral substance矿物 the substance of a speech讲话的要旨 比较:substance与matter: substance指具体的“物质”,借喻为“大体”,也指具有量的“内容”。matter指科学上概括性的“物质”（与“精神”相对），也可以指“内容”（与“形式”相对）；还可以表示抽象意义上的“事情”、“东西” 、“问题” 。 如： Iron is a hard substance.铁是一种坚硬的物质。 I can tell you the substance of the story.我把故事的大意讲给你听。 Thats a matter of principle.这是一个原则问题。 15.react:vi&vt. 1)vi.(对)产生反应;回应,对应,与to搭配使用.如: Eyes react to light.眼睛对光会起反应. He didn”t react to the news.他没有对那消息作出反应. 2)vi.(对)给予反应,起作用,有影响.构成react on/upon/sb /sth.如 Applause reacts upon a speaker.(听众的)掌声对演讲人会有影响. 3)vi.抗拒,反抗.构成react against sth/sb.如 The students reacted against the old political system.学生们反抗过去旧的政治制度. 4)vi&vt.(化学)发生反应;使引起反应.构成react with sth.如 Many chemical substances react with oxygen.许多化学物质与氧发生反应. 16be supposed to do sth：被期望或要求; 应该 ；(用于否定句中)不被许可、不可； We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不准我们在星期日踢足球。 He is supposed to be there on time。按理他应该准时到那儿。 W are supposed to help each other。我们理应彼此帮助。 17think of 1)考虑；思考;打算 We are thinking of going to France. 我们考虑到法国去。 (= think about) I am thinking of something completely different.我正在考虑完全不同的另外一件事情. 2)想起,记起.如 I thought of my best friend Li Jun when I saw the old photo. 当我看到这张旧照片时我就想起我最好的朋友Li Jun. I can”t think of the word for “newspaper”in French. 我想不起法语中的”报纸”是怎么说的了. 3)评价,认为.如 What do you think of my new dress?你认为我的新礼服如何? 拓展：not think much of看轻 think better of sb.对某人印象好；看重某人 think better of sth.改变念头；打消主意 think highly of看重；器重 think well of重视 think little of看轻；看不起 think poorly of不放在眼里；轻视 think nothing of轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起 18make sure ： 1）（of/that/why）务必要做到; 一定要做到；弄明白 I made sure （that）he would be here。 =I made sure of his arrival。 我确信他会来这里的。 Youd better make sure when and where the meeting will be held。 你最好弄明白什么时候在哪里开会。 2）确保，保证，务必。其后接of短语或that从句，这时候that从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： Arrive early at the station to make sure of (getting )a ticket. 早点到车站，以确保买到车票。 Make sure (that) you pick me up at five. 你一定要在五点钟开车来接我。 拓展：sure用法 1）adj. A无疑问的, 真实的, 必然发生的, 可靠的, 坚定的 B确实的, 深信的, (对.)有信心的, 有把握的, 肯定(要)的, 一定(会)的 C当然! 真的! slow and sure稳步地 Are you sure (of it)? 你能肯定吗? Do you feel sure about it? 你能对这有把握吗? I am sure (that) he is right. 我肯定他是对的。 Be sure not to forget it.千万不要忘记呀。 Fight no battle you are not sure of winning. 不打无把握之仗。 Im not sure whether Ive met him before. 我不能确定是否以前见过他。 2）adv. 美口的确, 一定, 当然 He will come sure enough.他必来无疑。 It sure was a cold night.的确是个寒冷的夜晚。 相关词组： be sure and (=be sure to)口务必, 一定要 be sure of注意, 一定要做到, 使有把握 be sure that注意, 一定要做到, 使有把握 be sure of确信, 深信 be sure of oneself自信; 满怀信心 feel sure of oneself自信; 满怀信心 for sure一定要, 必须, 必然, 毫无疑问, 肯定地, 有把握地 I am sure口的确, 真的; 一定 注意：这些词组中一般都可以用certain代替，但是在it做形式主语的句子中只能用certain。如It is certain that we can finish the work before dark。 比较：sure/certain/confident 意思都含确信的。 sure强调主观上确信无疑的, 如: before Im sure you dont mean it. 我相信你是无意的。 certain指有充分根据或理由而相信的, 如: This letter made me certain of his innocence. 这封信使我相信他是无罪的。 confident 强调对某人物坚信的或满怀信心的, 如: Hes confident he will win. 他深信他会赢。 19at least,也可以写作at the least. 1)起码，至少,与数词连用. Hes going away for at least a week. 他起码一星期出去一次。 We had not seen him for at least 10 years.我们至少有十年没有见到他了. The food was not very good,but at least it was cheap.这种食品不是很好,但是起码是便宜的. 2)无论如何,至少.用作程度状语,修饰谓语动词. He may not have succeeded,but at least he has tried.他可能不成功,但是他最起码是试过了. 反意：at (the) most至多。 20learn from v.向.学习 Learn from Comrade Lei Feng。向雷锋同志学习。 The teacher called on us to learn from him.老师号召我们都向他学习. She learned cooking from her mum.她向她妈妈学习烹饪. 21.be different from与不同.如 They are quite different from each other in their tastes.他们的品位差异很大. City life is very different from country life.都市生活跟乡村生活是有很大区别的. 注意:修饰different时用very,quite,much,entirely,totally等. 拓展:differ(vi)fromin在方面与不同 differ with/from sb on/about/over关于与某人意见不合(相左) tell the difference between A and B说出A与B的不同 22.the same as: 1)”和一样”,为固定结构,as不可换作其他词,as后可以接名词代词副词,也可以接从句.如: His car cost the same as mine.他的车和我的车的价钱一样的. He goes to the same university as his father did.他现在就读的大学就是他父亲当年学习的地方. 2)the same as+n+asthat:as引导的从句表示同类,而that从句指同一事物.如: This is the same wallet as I lost the other day. 这个钱包跟我几天前丢的那个是一模一样的（同类） This is the same wallet that I lost the other day. 这个钱包就是我几天前丢的那个（同一个） 拓展：suchas,such as诸如,象一样的;asas与.一样的. He can run as fast as I.他跑的跟我一样快. Such animals as cats and dogs.诸如猫狗之类的动物. There are many big cities in China such as Beijing,Shanghai and Tianjin. 中国有很多的大城市,例如北京上海天津.五、单元过关检测：1-Why not join us? -I can not._ I would rather not.Im not well enough. A.At last B.At once C.At least D.At most2.China isnt _ country but English is spoken nearly everywhere. A.a speaking-English B.an English-spoken C.a spoken-English D.an English-speaking3.-Why dont we take a little break? -Didnt we just have _? A.it B.that C.one D.this4.Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying5.Your picture book is the same as _. A.I B.my C.me D.mine6.The old man used _ in front of his house and he has got used to _like that . A. to sit ;doing B.to sitting ;do C. to sit; do D. to sitting ;doing7.The girl is not _ she _. A. who ;was B. what; is C. who; used to be D. what; used to be8.The book _ Mark Twain is _ read. A.wrote by ;widely B.writing by;widely C.written by;widely D.by;wide9.Whenever you are away,you must _ the door _. A.be sure;locks B.make sure;is locked C.be sure;will lock D.make sure;will be locked10._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A.There B.This C.That D.It11.You should _ yourself out of their quarrels. A.prevent B.keep C.put D.take12.It is foolish _ such a mistake. A.for him to make B.for him making C.of him to make D.of him making13.The total cost of their trip to Canada _ $5,000. A.added up to B.added up C.added to D.was added up to14.Ill do _ I can .I wont _ your trouble. A.as;add B.much;add up to C.whatever;add to D.what;add up15.She used _ in town but now she finds herself _ in the country. A.to live;used to live B.to living;used to living C.to live;used to living D.to living;used to live16.Many great men have risen from poverty-London,_. A.such as B.for example C.that is D.besides17.The students had the lights _ for almost three hours. A.to burn B.burning C.burnt D.to be burning18.My parents always let me have my own _ of living. A.way B.method C.manner D.fashion19.This kind of chemical _ cant react in water. A.matters B.objects C.substances D.things20.His success _ his hard work. A.resulted B.resulted in C.resulted from D.caused21.We have _ the conclusion that he is honest.Which is wrong? A.reached B.drawn C.arrived at D.came22.Reading is an experience quite _ from watching T V;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A.differ;to form B.different;form C.different;forming D.differ;having formed23.We must _ the truth of the matter