大一新生入学英语语音强化训练材料.doc

2008级新生英语语音强化训练主要内容1 发音器官的介绍2 英语音素的分类及其发音要领3 英语26个字母的读音4 英语中的音变现象，如不完全爆破、连读、弱读等5 英语中的重音，尤其是语句重音6 英语中的语调附一: 发音器官示意图附二: 英语音素的分类及发音练习附三：英语26个字母的读音附四：英语中的音变现象，如不完全爆破、连读、弱读等练习附五：英语语句重音练习附六：英语语调练习附一: 发音器官示意图发音器官：发音器官示意图简单地讲，发音器官可以分成三大部分：A.喉头在喉头内的发音器官 有：1、气管2、声带（包括声门）3、会靥软骨：会靥软骨的功能是在吃东西时将气管盖住、不使食物进入气管，在发音时回到原处。B.口腔在口腔内的发音器官有：4、舌：分成四部分a、舌端 b、前舌 c、后舌 d舌根5、硬颚：和静止时的前舌相对 6、软颚：和静止时的后舌相对7、齿槽 8、齿 9、唇 10、小舌：在英语的发音中小舌几乎不起作用。C.鼻腔附二: 英语音素英语中共有48个音素，这48音素可分为元音（Vowels）和辅音（Consonants）两大类。1. 英语元音的分类：英语元音有20个，可根据发音时器官有无变化分为两类：单元音（Pure Vowels）和双元音（Diphthongs）。单元音: 按舌最高点的部位可把12个单元音分为： 1）发音时舌的最高点在舌前部，发出的音是前元音（Front Vowels）：/ i:，i，e，A / 2）发音时舌的最高点在舌中部，发出的音是中元音（Central Vowels）：/ E:，E，Q /3）发音时舌的最高点在舌后部，发出的音是后元音（Back Vowels）：/ B:，C，C:，u，u: /双元音: 英语中的八个双元音可根据它们的特点进一步分为两类：合口双元音（Closing Diphthongs）和集中双元音（Centring Diphthongs）。 1）发音时牙床的张开程度由大变小的，叫合口双元音：/ ai，ei，Ci，au，Eu /。2）发音时发音器官的部位滑向中元音 /E/ 的位置，叫集中双元音：/ IE，ZE，uE /。 元音发音练习：单元音 ( Pure Vowels ) /i:/，/i/，/e/，/A/1. Read and compare the following vowels:/i:/i/e/A/bi:t/bit/bet/bAt/li:d/lid/led/lAd/si:t/sit/set/sAt/hi:t/hit/het/hAt/wi:t/wit/wet/wAt/2. Read the following phrases with /i:/and /i/:a piece of meat green tea a team leader keep it a secret a sheet of steelkick up its heels a big pig a pretty ticketa visit to the millsix bricks a little kittenfeel chillya wedding dressvery wellget readywet with sweatpress the bellless and less a happy familya bad man a black capa bag of applesa fat cathand in hand3. Read the following sentences with /i:/and /i/:1） We mean to see the teams. 2）The teacher repeated the speech.3） A friend in need is a friend indeed. 4）It is a pity that she is ill.5） Please give Tim the tickets for the film. 6）A little pill can cure a great ill.7） All is well that ends well. 8）Better to do well than say well.9） Lets get together when the weather is better. 10）Have they carried the cash to the bank? 11） Pat married a handsome young man and had a happy family. 12） Jacks black cat is catching that fat rat. 中元音（Central Vowels）/E:/，/E/，/Q/1. Read and compare the following vowels:/E:n/5sQmE/E:W/5sQfE/wE:d/5letE/fE:st/5CfisE/wE:m/5ti:tFE/5dV:ni/5litE/wE:k/5wE:kE/5E:li/5betE/2. Read the following phrases:the first terman early birda dirty shirtreturn from workthe third worlda service girlalong the rivera famous writera correct answera better learnerthe injured layera shorter summera lucky mothera funny unclejust for funa sudden jumpsome honeythe coming bus come and runsome moneyone dozena tough gunblood for bloodcountry cousin3. Read the following sentences with/E:/and/E/:1) First come, first serve.2) Its the early bird that catches the worm.3) Im learning to put the first thing first.4) Her elder brother is a worker.5) The wonderful weather was over. 6) Were going to have a get-together after supper.7）Well begun is half done.8）Its fun to run and jump in the sun.9）Money is something, but not everything. 10）Ask mother if the muttons enough for supper.后元音（Back Vowels）/B:/，/R/，/R:/，/u/，/u:/1. Read and compare the following vowels: /B:/C/R:/u/u:/large locklordlooklootcardcockcordcookcoolsharkshotshortshouldshoothearthothawkhookhootpartpotportputpoolfarmfromformfullfoolmarkmockmornnooknoonbarnbombbornbullboom1. Read the following words with /B:/:a large parcelmaster of artsafter the partyrather fast half the class a large sharka basket of grassa large farmhalf past five2. Read the following phrases with /C/ and /C:/:a coffee shopthe lost doglots of clocksa popular song got a joba long rodshort and talla tall horsebefore dawn a quarter to foura short reportwalk toward the lawnRead the following phrases with /u/ and /u:/:good bookslooks goodtook the wood shook the footlook fulla good-looking man whose shoesuseful toolhuge rooma new schoola blue suitbeautiful music3. Read the following sentences with /B:/:1）He laughs best who laughs last.2）The car was parked in the farmyard.3）Fathers car runs very fast.4）A large army marched past the grassland.5）The dance party in the farmyard lasted far into the night.Read the following sentences with /C/ and /C:/:1）They washed socks on the rocks.2) I forgot to lock the box.3) Tom got a lot of copies of the songs.4) Dont put the water on the floor.5) She thought she ought to take a walk before four oclock.Read the following sentences with /u/ and /u:/:1）The bush was full of good wood.2）He took the cushion and shook it.3）Use a ruler as you do at school.4）Choose either boots or shoes.5）The cook stood still and looked at the book for cooking.双元音（Diphthongs）/ei/，/ai/，/Ci/，/au/，/Eu/1. Read and compare the following vowels:/ei/ /ai/ /Ci/Bu/Eu/bei/bai/bCi/nBu/nEu/sei/sai/sCi/tBun/tEun/meil/mail/mCi/lBud/lEud/neil/nail/nCi/But/Eut/2Read the following phrases with/ei/, /aI/ and /Ci/:May Daya great changea railway stationthe same waycame the raina table matetime and tide fly in the skymy right eyearrive at fiveby right sidea surprising sighttoil on the soiljoin the boythe noisy voicesspoil the boysthe boys toythe noise of the coinsRead the following phrases with /Bu/ and /Eu/:the flower houseshout louderround the mouthgo down townover the road thousands of flowersspeak out loudan old soldiergo to the showopen the windowrow a boata gold bowl3Read the following sentences with /ei/, /aI/ and /Ci/ :1） Its high time to strike a light.2） My child is quite tired and is crying by my side.3） Haste makes waste.4） Im afraid youve made the same mistake.5） The joyful but noisy voices annoyed me.6） The spoilt boy destroyed the toys.Read the following sentences with /Bu/ and /Eu/:1) Mr Brown is proud of his pretty house.2) Did you hear the loud shouts of the crowd?3) Ive now found the town rather crowded.4) Follow the road and go slowly home.5) Show me where those roses grow.6) They rowed the boat along the coast. 集中双元音（Centering Diphthongs）/iE/，/Z/，/u/1. Read and compare the following vowels:/iE/ZE/UE/piE/pZE/puE/tiE/tZ/tu/mi/mZ/mu/FiE/FZ/FU/2. Read the following phrases with /iE/, /ZE/ and /UE/:near hearcheerful perioda clear ideahear the cheersfrom ear to eara real heroshare the pearrepair the chaira fair in the squaretake care of the affairfair hairair warfarea poor touristpoorer and poorerfewer and fewera pure jewel sure about the cureendure the poor life3. Read the following sentences with/iE/, /ZE/ and /UE/:1) I fear he cant hear me clearly. 2) We are near the end of the year.3) Take care, theres a chair at the foot of the stairs.4) The girl with fair hair is comparing the result with great care.5) The poor man was assured that he could be cured.6) During that period the poor became poorer and poorer.2. 英语辅音的分类： 1）爆破音（Plosives）/p，b，t，d，k，g / 2）摩擦音（Frictives）/f，v，s，z，F，V，P，T，h/ 3）破擦音（Affricates）/tF，dV，tr，dr，ts，dz/4) 无摩擦的连续音(Frictionless Continuant) /r/ 5）舌侧音（Lateral）/l/ 6）鼻音（Nasals）/m，n，N/7）半单元（Semi-Vowels）/j，w/ 辅音发音练习爆破音(Plosives) /p，b，t，d，k，g /1. Read and compare the following plosives: panbantabdadclassglass petbettendentickgig poxboxtickdickexcuseexam cap cabbutterrudderpeckpeg 2. Read the following phrases with plosives:a big pig pay the billpress the buttonstep by stepput the book backfrom top to bottomthe next daydo ones dutyread the lettertell the datea good talkhit the doga kind guidea good speakera lucky girllock the gatea sick dogthe hungry cat3. Read the following sentences with plosives:1）Put the big pot on the table.2）The pie is cheap and not bad.3）Ted hurt his foot and was taken to the hospital.4）The cart got stuck in the mud.5）A good beginning makes a good ending.6）The girl has taken the dog to the garden. 摩擦音(Frictives) /f，v，s，z，F，V，P，T，h/ 1Read and compare the following fricatives:/f/v/s/ /z/F/V/W/ / T/h/ failveilricerise meshermeasurebath bathe behind serfservepriceprize precioustreasurethanks than high proofprovesealzeal vacationoccasionbreath breathe perhaps refusereviewbasebays positiondecisionteeth teethe hate 2. Read the following phrases with fricatives:a vast field half a loaffour friendsvery funny improve the fooda lovely facethe same rosepass the keyspens and books a slow rise jeeps and carshorses and houses shoulder a fishtreasure a garage measure for measureshort shirt wash a fishan unusual pleasurea wealthy brother those things more than threea thoughtful mothera healthy fatherthese months hang it high3. Read the following sentences with fricatives: 1) They found few people in the village. 2) The visitors found a valuable vase. 3) Seven from eleven leaves four. 4) Has Sam seen monkeys at the zoo? 5) The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.6) Is she sure to shut the shop? 7) Pay special attention to the shape of the machine.8) Its a pleasure to speak on such an occasion. 9) He saw its fault on second thoughts. 10) Well support you through thick and thin. 11) The third Thursday of this month is the sixteenth. 12) The house is as hot as he hoped. 破擦音（Affricates）/tF，dV，tr，dr，ts，dz/1Read and compare the following affricates: /tF/ /dV/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/ richridgetripdripseatsseeds chooseJewstrydrycartscards chestjesttrunkdrunkantsadds choke joketruedrewheatsheeds2Read the following phrases with /tF/, /dV/, /tr/, /dr /, /ts/ and/dz/：watch the matchcatch the chickena large churchchoose a jobchange the torcha cheerful journeytry the dreama true drawinga strange dresshundreds of trees3. Read the following sentences with /tF/, /dV/, /tr/, /dr /, /ts/ and/dz/： 1) This is the largest jewel for you to choose. 2) Jane looks charming in this picture. 3) They treated me to some strong drinks. 4) The boy drew a train running along the track. 5) The kids have lots of coats and shorts. 6) He holds two cats and three birds in his hands.无摩擦的连续音(Frictinless Continuant) /r/ 、舌侧音（Lateral）/l/1Read and compare the following consonants: riplipreadleadrightlight rowlowwronglongrrivealive correctcollectcrashclashrocklock roadloadroomloomrawlaw2Read the following phrases with /r/ and /l/:a clean rooma long row arrive latea free lifesleep like a doglook a liverack and ruina real writer a low ratea loyal friendto collect roses run along the railroad3Read the following sentences with /r/ and /n/： 181) The real reason is rather silly. 2) Those red roses are really very pretty. 3) He rarely reads literary works. 4) All roads lead to Rome. 5) Look before you leap. 6) A little pill may well cure a great ill. 鼻音（Nasals）/m，n，N/1Read and compare the following nasals: /m/ /n/n/N/ /n/l/ bombBonnthinthingknifelife gumgunsinsingknotlot mapnapbanbangnightlight morenortontonguenineline 2Read the following phrases with /m/, /n/ and /N/： arm in armmiss the marka warm rooma firm mannerhome mademen and womenclean neckten nationsearning nothingfine needlesnatural numbernext to nonesing a songking of all kingsa long finger a young singer an interesting songthe English language3Read the following sentences with /m/, /n/ and /N/： 1) The games are becoming more and more amusing. 2) Sam makes many mistakes in his homework. 3) I need another nine names. 4) Nells neighbour never knew Nells nickname. 5) The angry king said nothing. 6) He sang an English song. 半元音（Semi-Vowels）/j，w/1Read and compare the following consonants: /j/w/w/v/ yet wetwestvest jokewokewinevine jellwellwhilevile2Read the following phrases with /j/ and /w/： a new studentbeautiful musicin New Yorkyear by yeara unique youth a yellow suitwait a weekwilling to wait quality and quantitywhen and wherequit the quarrelwalk quickly away3Read the following sentences with /j/ and /w/： 1) The students are viewing the new building. 2) Few people knew music and fewer knew the beautiful tune. 3) Excuse my refusing your new proposal. 4) Keep quiet while waiting here. 5) What will you wear in this bad weather?附三：英语26个字母的读音Aa/ei/ Bb/bi:/ Cc/si:/ Dd/di:/ Ee/i:/ Ff/ef/Gg/dVi:/ Hh /eitF/Ii /Bi/Jj/dVei/ Kk/kei/ Ll/el/Mm/em/Nn/en/Oo/u/Pp/pi:/ Qq/kju:/Rr/B:/Ss/es/Tt/ti:/Uu/ju:/Vv/vi:/Ww/5dQblju:/Xx/eks/Yy/wBi/Zz/zi:/zed/附四：英语中的音变现象，如不完全爆破、连读、弱读等1. 不完全爆破(Incomplete Plosion) 爆破音 爆破音( Plosive + Plosive ) a.bookcaselamppostdoctorblackboardgoodbyeempty b. fast trainsit down note bookgreat dealwhat timefield day take careblack teapark carskind people cheap bookat table c. Ted has a bad cold today. I dont believe that Bobby is a bad boy. There are eight black pencils and two red ball pens.Take care not to eat too much. 爆破音 摩擦音( Plosive + Fricative ) a. needful bestseller absent breakfastworkshopoutside b.old friend not sure work harda top studentthis and thatwhite vase c. China is a great socialist country.You may keep the book. I like pop songs.Have you visited Shanghai?爆破音 破擦音( Plosive + Affricate )a. object grandchild pictureb. that child stop jokingbig treesweet dreamblack jacketgreat changeshard jobtraffic jamfast trainblack jeepbig chance good jobc. It is not true.Great changes will take place. The next train will leave ten forty.Im sure that Charlie has made the right choice.爆破音 鼻辅音( Plosive + Nasal ) a. Britain grandmotherkindness midnightsignal postman b. good nightgood morningfat man last night red markhelp me not near dark nightgood news write moreold nurseleague member c. Can you help me?Im sorry, I dont know. We heard David sing last night.Let me help you lift that metal box. 爆破音 舌侧音/l/( Plosive + Lateral )a. bottlemiddlegreatlyfriendly struggleproudly b. dont likeat last at leastthat ladysit late good leaderred lightquite lowhard lifegood luckshort life speak louder c. I dont like it at all. Didnt Sally tell you anything about Larry?Dont look at the book.I would like to have a little piece of that chocolate cake.2. 连读(Liaison)辅音 元音(Consonant +Vowel)如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词又是以元音（包括半元音）开始，那么这两个音就可以连在一起读。例如： - r/ - re 元音（“- r” / “- re” + Vowel）单词中的“r”字母通常是不发音的，但是，在连贯的话语中，如果包含“r”音的这个单词的后一个词是以元音字母开始时，这个“r”要读出来，且与其后的这个元音连起来读。例如： 1Read the following phrases, paying special attention to liaison： 1）Consonant Vowel not at all get away with it put an end a bottle of ink big and dark eyelook at it best of allpick it up leave in Aprilback in an hour in and out put it aside with all his earsput it on pick up an applea place of interest give it up let him in think it over make it up 2）-r/-re vowelafter alla letter-opener here and theredaughter and son poor old manfor example for a long timemore and more your own choicefar off a great number ofas a matter of fact a country of their ownlater on clear enougha pair of shoes take care of wait for a moment for instancefather and mother brother and sisterfor a minute four of usover and above answer itnear it 2Read the following sentences, paying special attention to liaison：1) He lost an eye in an accident.2) Go straight ahead along the road.3) He arrived at eight exactly.4) Jack isnt as bad as I thought.5) I want to ask you to see it.6) There are about four oranges.7) Your uncle is better off.8) Take care of your eye.9) Tom is always on the run.10) Please tell us all about it.3.弱化( Weak Form )弱化的方法( Methods of Weak Forms ):虚词的弱化主要表现在以下三种方面： 1）缩短该词的元音长度，将该词的长元音变成短元音：例如：to/tu:/ /tu/， do/du:/ /du/，he/hi:/ /hi/， me/mi:/ /mi/。2) 将该词的元音变成弱元音/E/：例如：have/hAv/ /hEv/，was/wCz/ /wEz/，by/bai/ /b/