OGRE周边版块.doc

OGRE周边版块 OGRE本身作为图形引擎是非常强大的，但是如果要想只用它来做游戏还是不够的，我们必须有声音，界面，物理，输入，人工智能等等。很幸运OGRE现在有着庞大的社群支持（OGRE中文GAMERES是中文网站中人最多的），在几乎各个可能需要的领域都有许多优秀人才做着基础的工作，而且绝大多数是免费或者近乎免费的提供使用。在这么多前人的努力只下，使用OGRE做游戏|虚拟现实已经变的容易的多了。1、 声音在OGRE添加声音有很多选择，比如：DXSOUND、DXMUSIC、FMOD、OPENAL、AUDIERE等等，这完全看个人爱好以及对这些SDK的熟悉程度来选择了。DXSOUND、DXMUSIC都是DIRECTX组件,会使用的人也很多，很容易能找到相关的书籍，所以我主要介绍后面几个声音引擎在OGRE中的使用。1.1 FMOD The FMOD Ex声音系统是一个针对多种音频开发人员的解决方案，包括游戏开发人员、多媒体开发者、声音设计师、甚至是音乐家、音频引擎的开发者，它是基于Firelight多年在声音引擎开发方面的经验研发而成。官方网站：，提供FMOD的免费下载，当然如果商用的话还是要购买使用权，不过价格还是很便宜的，100美元。现在有很多游戏公司已经选择它作为自己声音库，搜狐的天龙八部，还有暴雪公司也放弃了自己原来做的声音库并购买了FMOD的使用权等等就不多说了。FMOD支持几乎所有的声音格式：.MOD, .S3M, .XM, .IT or .MID而且可以运行在windows,winCE,Linux,GameCube Xbox等平台上。下面介绍简要FMOD的使用的方法首先下载API（OGRE的API、FMOD的API）并且安装配置环境，需要注意的是使用不同的IDE需要舔加不同的LIB文件：fmodvc.lib 用于 Microsoft Visual C+ 和 Codewarrior fmodbc.lib 用于 Borland fmodwc.lib 用于 Watcom fmodcc.lib 用于 LCC-Win32 libfmod.a 用于 MingW and CygWin fmod-3-7.lib 用于 GCC 以Microsoft Visual C+2005为例，舔加fmodvc.lib，然后加如入fmod.hpp头文件后就可以使用了以Demo_ParticleFX这个例子为原型，向其中加FMOD代码实现简单的声音效果。Demo_ParticleFX原代码如下：（头文件#include ExampleApplication.h/*加入必要的头文件*/#include ././api/inc/fmod.hpp /*#include ././api/inc/fmod_errors.h/*#include /*#include /*#include /*/*定义初始化常用的参数*/FMOD:System *system = 0; /*/FMO系统，也算是最根本的部分 FMOD:Sound *sound = 0; /*/声音，和一个声音文件关联，比如*.waveFMOD:Channel *channel = 0; /*/声道 FMOD_RESULT result; /*/结果，主要是根据函数返回的结果，做出相应的处理。 unsigned int version; /* /版本/ Event handler to add ability to alter curvatureclass ParticleFrameListener : public ExampleFrameListenerprotected: SceneNode* mFountainNode;public: ParticleFrameListener(RenderWindow* win, Camera* cam, SceneNode* fountainNode) : ExampleFrameListener(win, cam) mFountainNode = fountainNode; bool frameStarted(const FrameEvent& evt) if( ExampleFrameListener:frameStarted(evt) = false ) return false; / Rotate fountains mFountainNode-yaw(Degree(evt.timeSinceLastFrame * 30); / Call default return true; ;class ParticleApplication : public ExampleApplicationpublic: ParticleApplication() protected: SceneNode* mFountainNode; / Just override the mandatory create scene method void createScene(void) / Set ambient light mSceneMgr-setAmbientLight(ColourValue(0.5, 0.5, 0.5); Entity *ent = mSceneMgr-createEntity(head, ogrehead.mesh); / Add entity to the root scene node mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode()-attachObject(ent); / Green nimbus around Ogre /mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode()-attachObject( / mSceneMgr-createParticleSystem(Nimbus, Examples/GreenyNimbus); / Create some nice fireworks mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode()-attachObject( mSceneMgr-createParticleSystem(Fireworks, Examples/Fireworks); / Create shared node for 2 fountains mFountainNode = mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode(); / fountain 1 ParticleSystem* pSys2 = mSceneMgr-createParticleSystem(fountain1, Examples/PurpleFountain); / Point the fountain at an angle SceneNode* fNode = mFountainNode-createChildSceneNode(); fNode-translate(200,-100,0); fNode-rotate(Vector3:UNIT_Z, Degree(20); fNode-attachObject(pSys2); / fountain 2 ParticleSystem* pSys3 = mSceneMgr-createParticleSystem(fountain2, Examples/PurpleFountain); / Point the fountain at an angle fNode = mFountainNode-createChildSceneNode(); fNode-translate(-200,-100,0); fNode-rotate(Vector3:UNIT_Z, Degree(-20); fNode-attachObject(pSys3); / Create a rainstorm ParticleSystem* pSys4 = mSceneMgr-createParticleSystem(rain, Examples/Rain); SceneNode* rNode = mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode(); rNode-translate(0,1000,0); rNode-attachObject(pSys4); / Fast-forward the rain so it looks more natural pSys4-fastForward(5); / Aureola around Ogre perpendicular to the ground ParticleSystem* pSys5 = mSceneMgr-createParticleSystem(Aureola, Examples/Aureola); mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode()-attachObject(pSys5);/ Set nonvisible timeoutParticleSystem:setDefaultNonVisibleUpdateTimeout(5);/*下面是FMOD的使用部分*/result = FMOD:System_Create(&system);/创建系统 if (result != FMOD_OK) /在这里也可以使用LOG文件输出错误内容以便出错时确定出错位置。下面可能出错的地方也可以这样做。 exit(-1); /处理返回的结果result = system-getVersion(&version);/创建版本 if (result != FMOD_OK) exit(-1); /处理返回的结果 if (version init(32, FMOD_INIT_NORMAL, 0);/系统初始化，参数分别代表最大声道数，播放的FLAG，额外的设备数据 if (result != FMOD_OK) exit(-1); result = system-createSound(./media/playlist.m3u, FMOD_DEFAULT, 0, &playlist);/创建声音，参数分别代表声音文件（其实是声音的绝对路径），模式，额外信息，声音（以备后用） if (result != FMOD_OK) exit(-1); result = sound-setMode(FMOD_LOOP_NORMAL);/设置声音模式，这里是普通循环。 if (result != FMOD_OK) exit(-1); result = system-playSound(FMOD_CHANNEL_FREE, sound, false, &channel);/播放声音，当然也可以放在其他你认为合适的地方播放 if (result != FMOD_OK) exit(-1); /*FMOD部分至此*/ / Create new frame listener void createFrameListener(void) mFrameListener= new ParticleFrameListener(mWindow, mCamera, mFountainNode); mRoot-addFrameListener(mFrameListener); ;源文件：#include ParticleFX.h#if OGRE_PLATFORM = OGRE_PLATFORM_WIN32#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN#include windows.h#endif#ifdef _cplusplusextern C #endif#if OGRE_PLATFORM = OGRE_PLATFORM_WIN32INT WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hInst, HINSTANCE, LPSTR strCmdLine, INT )#elseint main(int argc, char *argv)#endif / Create application object ParticleApplication app; try app.go(); catch( Ogre:Exception& e ) #if OGRE_PLATFORM = OGRE_PLATFORM_WIN32 MessageBox( NULL, e.getFullDescription().c_str(), An exception has occured!, MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR | MB_TASKMODAL);#else std:cerr An exception has occured: release(); if (result != FMOD_OK) exit(-1); result = system-close(); if (result != FMOD_OK) exit(-1); result = system-release(); if (result != FMOD_OK) exit(-1); 1.2 Audiere使用Audiere是个轻量级的声音引擎，功能虽然没FMOD那么强大，但是简单、易用。可以到/projects/audiere/下载。其实OGRE的DEMO中有个是使用了audiere的(Magic of Stonehenge demo ),虽然从代码来看并没有很复杂的技术，但是作者巧妙的构思、完美的搭配以及使用audiere实现的声音给人一种很震撼的艺术效果。下面分析这个DEMO是如何使用AUDIERE的。原代码如下：/*Magic of Stonehenge demo v1.0Programming: Arsen Gnatkivsky Troglodite-mail: troglinbox.ruused engines:OGRE : audiere : /*/#include ExampleApplication.h#include /添加头文件，别忘了自己链接audiere.libParticleSystem *pThrusters;AnimationState* mAnimState;SceneNode* camNode;Overlay* mBlackOverlay;audiere:AudioDevicePtr device(audiere:OpenDevice();/设备audiere:OutputStreamPtr stream(audiere:OpenSound(device, music.wav, false);/输出流，和声音文件相关联。参数分别为设备，声音文件，是否是流文件std:ofstream posLog(position.log);class SkyBoxFrameListener : public ExampleFrameListenerprivate:static float fDefDim;static float fDefVel;public:SkyBoxFrameListener(RenderWindow* win, Camera* cam) : ExampleFrameListener( win, cam )showDebugOverlay(false);bool frameStarted( const FrameEvent& evt )mAnimState-addTime(evt.timeSinceLastFrame);bool bOK = ExampleFrameListener:frameStarted( evt );static Real tim=0;tim+=evt.timeSinceLastEvent;static bool nothold=true;/ This peace op code you need when you capture the camera motion/ it will generate c+ code for keyframes in separate file/*if( mInputDevice-isKeyDown( KC_SPACE ) )if (nothold=true)nothold=false;mWindow-setDebugText(!);Quaternion ori=mCamera-getOrientation();Vector3 pos=mCamera-getPosition();posLog createKeyFrame(animDelay*tim+timOffset);n;posLog setTranslate(Vector3( pos.x , pos.y , pos.z );n;posLog setRotation(Quaternion( ori.w , ori.x , ori.y , ori.z );n; else nothold=true;*/static int nohide=3;static bool isTest=true;if (isTest)if (nohidehide();isTest=false;else nohide-;return bOK;float SkyBoxFrameListener:fDefDim = 25.0f;float SkyBoxFrameListener:fDefVel = 50.0f;class SkyBoxApplication : public ExampleApplicationpublic:SkyBoxApplication() protected:virtual void createFrameListener(void)mFrameListener= new SkyBoxFrameListener(mWindow, mCamera);mRoot-addFrameListener(mFrameListener);/ Just override the mandatory create scene methodvoid createScene(void)stream-setRepeat(true);/设置流是否循环播放stream-setVolume(0.5f); / 声音大小stream-play();/播放/ Set ambient lightmSceneMgr-setAmbientLight(ColourValue(0.5, 0.5, 0.5);/ Create a lightLight* l = mSceneMgr-createLight(MainLight);l-setPosition(20,80,50);/-Entity *ground = mSceneMgr-createEntity( ground, Plane01.mesh );Entity *s1 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s1, s1.mesh );Entity *s2 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s2, s2.mesh );Entity *s3 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s3, s3.mesh );Entity *s4 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s4, s4.mesh );Entity *s5 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s5, s5.mesh );Entity *s6 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s6, s6.mesh );Entity *s7 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s7, s7.mesh );Entity *s8 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s8, s8.mesh );Entity *s9 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s9, s9.mesh );Entity *s10 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s10, s10.mesh );Entity *s11 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s11, s11.mesh );Entity *s12 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s12, s12.mesh );Entity *s13 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s13, s13.mesh );Entity *s14 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s14, s14.mesh );Entity *s15 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( s15, s15.mesh );mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(ground);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s1);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s2);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s3);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s4);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s5);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s6);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s7);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s8);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s9);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s10);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s11);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s12);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s13);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s14);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(s15);Entity *cast1 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( cast1, cast1.mesh );mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(cast1);Entity *pilon = mSceneMgr-createEntity( pilon, pilon.mesh );mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(pilon);ParticleSystem* pSys2 = ParticleSystemManager:getSingleton().createSystem(fountain1, PEExamples/stoneh2);mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(pSys2);ParticleSystem* pSys3 = ParticleSystemManager:getSingleton().createSystem(fountain2, PEExamples/stoneh2_small);ParticleSystem* pSys4 = ParticleSystemManager:getSingleton().createSystem(fountain3, PEExamples/stoneh2_small);ParticleSystem* pSys5 = ParticleSystemManager:getSingleton().createSystem(fountain4, PEExamples/stoneh2_small);SceneNode* spout_node1=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();SceneNode* spout_node2=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();SceneNode* spout_node3=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();spout_node1-attachObject(pSys3);spout_node2-attachObject(pSys4);spout_node3-attachObject(pSys5);Real max2ogre=0.025;Vector3 triSpoutPos1=Vector3(-0.084/max2ogre,0.354/max2ogre,-7.047/max2ogre);Vector3 triSpoutPos2=Vector3(5.872/max2ogre,0.354/max2ogre,3.461/max2ogre);Vector3 triSpoutPos3=Vector3(-5.787/max2ogre,0.354/max2ogre,3.351/max2ogre);spout_node1-setPosition(triSpoutPos1);spout_node2-setPosition(triSpoutPos2);spout_node3-setPosition(triSpoutPos3);Entity *cast3 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( cast3, cast1.mesh );SceneNode* cast3_node=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();cast3_node-attachObject(cast3);cast3_node-setScale(5,1,5);cast3_node-setPosition(0,100,0);cast3-setMaterialName(cast3);Entity *cast4 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( cast4, cast1.mesh );SceneNode* cast4_node=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();cast4_node-attachObject(cast4);cast4_node-setScale(2,1,2);cast4_node-setPosition(0,200,0);cast4-setMaterialName(cast4);Entity *castTri1 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( castTri1, cast1.mesh );SceneNode* castTriNode1=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();castTriNode1-attachObject(castTri1);castTriNode1-setScale(0.5,0.1,0.5);castTriNode1-setPosition(triSpoutPos1-Vector3(0,-10,0);castTri1-setMaterialName(castTri);Entity *castSun2 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( castSun2, cast1.mesh );SceneNode* castSunNode2=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();castSunNode2-attachObject(castSun2);castSunNode2-setScale(1.5,0.1,1.5);/castSunNode1-setPosition(triSpoutPos1-Vector3(0,-10,0);castSunNode2-setPosition(0,10,0);castSun2-setMaterialName(castsun1);for (int sc=1;sccreateEntity( castSun1+StringConverter:toString(sc), cast1.mesh );SceneNode* castSunNode1=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();castSunNode1-attachObject(castSun1);castSunNode1-setScale(2.5-sc*0.05,0.1,2.5-sc*0.05);/castSunNode1-setPosition(triSpoutPos1-Vector3(0,-10,0);castSunNode1-setPosition(0,40+sc*10,0);castSunNode1-yaw(Radian(0.5);castSunNode1-pitch(Radian(rand()%5);castSunNode1-roll(Radian(rand()%5);castSun1-setMaterialName(castsun);Entity *castTri2 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( castTri2, cast1.mesh );SceneNode* castTriNode2=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();castTriNode2-attachObject(castTri2);castTriNode2-setScale(0.5,0.1,0.5);castTriNode2-setPosition(triSpoutPos2-Vector3(0,-10,0);castTriNode2-yaw(Radian(-90.0);castTri2-setMaterialName(castTri);Entity *castTri3 = mSceneMgr-createEntity( castTri3, cast1.mesh );SceneNode* castTriNode3=mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();castTriNode3-attachObject(castTri3);castTriNode3-setScale(0.5,0.1,0.5);castTriNode3-setPosition(triSpoutPos3-Vector3(0,-10,0);castTriNode3-yaw(Radian(90.0);castTri3-setMaterialName(castTri);Entity *gorizont = mSceneMgr-createEntity( gorizont, gorizont.mesh );mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(gorizont);Entity *barier = mSceneMgr-createEntity( barier, barier.mesh );mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-attachObject(barier);/-SceneNode* lookNode= mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();lookNode-setPosition(0,200,0);camNode = mSceneMgr-getRootSceneNode()-createChildSceneNode();camNode-attachObject(mCamera);mCamera-setPosition(0,0,0);camNode-setPosition(-244.852,392.682,-357.77);camNode-setOrientation(Quaternion(0.345054,-0.0821347,0.909552,0.216516);camNode-needUpdate();/ set up spline animation of nodeAnimation* anim = mSceneMgr-createAnimation(CameraTrack,319.382-28.307);/ 319.382-28.5128/ Spline it for nice curvesanim-setInterpolationMode(Animation:IM_SPLINE);/anim-setInterpolationMode(Animation:IM_LINEAR);/ Create a track to animate the cameras nodeAnimationTrack* track = anim-createTrack(0, camNode);/ Setup keyframesKeyFrame* key;key = track-createKeyFrame(0); / startpositionunsigned fr=0;Real animDelay=1;Real timOffset=-28.8307*animDelay;key = track-createKeyFrame(animDelay*28.8307+timOffset);key-setTranslate(Vector3(-244.852,392.682,-357.77);key-setRotation(Quaternion(0.345054,-0.0821347,0.909552,0.21