大学英语四级考试15选10专项训练方法加实战.doc

样卷结构 试题内容 答题时间 分数 Part I Writing 30 minutes 106分 Part II Fast-reading 15 minutes 71分 Part III Listening Comprehension 35 minutes 249分 Part IV Reading in Depth 25 minutes 178分 Part V Cloze 15 minutes 71分 Part VI Translation 5 minutes 35分 题型分析：v 篇章词汇理解是大学英语四级考试中出现的一种新题型这种题是在一篇长度为个单词的文章中留出个单词的空格，要求考生从个备选单词中选出个填入空格处，使文章语句通畅，表达正确v 测试重点：考生对连贯性一致性及逻辑关系等语篇语段的整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解既考查宏观结构，又考查微观理解v 15个单词中3个名词正确答案+1个名词干扰答案、3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案、3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案、1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。解题步骤：v 通读全文，抓住中心（首段，首句原则）v 阅读选项，词性分类（注意分析动词时态）v 全盘考虑，灵活选择（根据所需词性缩小范围，每词只能用一次）v 复读全文，核查答案（快速复读，用语感判断是否通顺准确）答题技巧一：确定空白处词性v 以下情况，空白处为动词：1 n./pron. Vt. n./pron. 前有名后有名，中间谓动2 n./pron. Vi.前名后无名，谓动不及物3 n./pron. Vi. adv./prep.前名后介副，谓动不及物4 n./pron. link v./be adj.前名后形容，be动或系动5 to v.前有to，后原型注意：确定空白处为动词，还需根据上下文确定正确形式以下情况，空白处为分词：v 过去分词：has/have/had p.p（完成时态）be p.p（被动语态）p.p n.或 n. p.p（过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生）v 现在分词：be -ing（进行时态）-ing n.或n.-ing（现在分词做形容词，表示主动或正在进行）prep. ing（介词宾语）以下情况，空白处为名词：（名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语）a/the n. 前有冠词n. V. 空白后为谓语动词prep. n. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词（注意：根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数；根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数）以下情况，空白处为形容词：adj. n. n. adj. 空白前后是名词adv. adj. 空白前是副词link v.be adj. be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语以下情况，空白处为副词：adv. v.或 v. adv.副词修饰动词，表示程度状态adv. adj.副词可修饰形容词adv.从句，有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系答题技巧二：确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义，继而缩小选择范围，节省大量时间Sample:The classroom (offers) opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with , peaceful ones.（根据语法判断此处为形容词，与peaceful有一样具有积极意义，与前文的angry, violent词义色彩相反，那么comprehensive, cooperative, entire应选择cooperative)答题技巧三：介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语注意 to （介词&动词不定式）to的短语接动名词 :abandon oneself to（沉溺于）, adhere to（坚持）, stick to（坚持，信守）, cling to（坚持，忠于）, admit to（承认）, confess to（承认）, contribute to（做贡献）, feel up to（感觉能胜任）, get down to（开始着手做）, give ones mind to（专心）, give way to（让步）, yield to（屈服）, lead to（导致）, look forward to（渴望）, object to（反对）, take to（开始从事，喜欢）, turn to（求助）, succumb to（屈服）, see to（照顾，料理）, get used to, be accustomed to, be addicted to, be committed to, be dedicated to, be devoted to, be opposed to, be reduced to, be subject to（受支配的，常遭受）, submit to（顺从，屈服）答题技巧四：利用不定冠词(a/an)判断考点是否为元音开头，缩小选择范围Sample:Husband and children now do some of these jobs, a _ that has changed the target market for many products.(scale, potential, gap, extreme, purchase, situation)答题技巧五：充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词（若词库中出现一对近义或反义词，其中一个必定是干扰项反义词考查学生对文章语境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考点单词是积极还是消极意义，就不难排除近义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握，需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭配。）Sample: A) gravely B) respect C) limited D) specialize E) seriously F) promoting G) involves H) relieved I) significant J) magnificent K) range L) issues M) result N) determining O) complicatedToday, we take pain_.（此处应用副词做状语，考查近义词辨析Take sth. Seriously为固定搭配）答题技巧六：注意一词多性： 词库中的词有的既是名词又是动词，有些分词也可以充当形容词，确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词库中的单词词性，不能遗漏(respect, result, range)l 年6 月24日新四级考试真题 EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5（degrees centigrade）. The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51 . EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years. Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.其选项如下： l A) estimate； B) strength；l C) deliberately；D) notify；l E) tropical； F) phenomenon；l G) stable； H) attraction；l I) completely； J) destructive；l K) starvation； L) bringing；l M) exhaustion； N) worth；l O) strike 解题方法 一、辨析词性 l 把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。l 纵观样题和真题，我们知道15个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。l 辨性要注意下面几点。 1. 遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数；但应注意动词+ed型的有两种可能性，动词或形容词；遇到名词要确定单数还是复数。2不认识的单词，看后缀。构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀，往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件“英语后缀”。 3词性一时无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必纠缠，影响全局。4作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。 以真题为例辨词性 l A) estimate；B) strength；l C) deliberately；D) notify；l E) tropical；F) phenomenon；l G) stable；H) attraction；l I) completely；J) destructive；l K) starvation；L) bringing；l M) exhaustion；N) worth；？l O) strike l 名词：B,F,H,K,M（B的后缀th, H、K、M的tion都是名词后缀） l 谓语动词：A,D,O（A的-ate极可能是动词，D的-fy为动词后缀） l 非谓语动词：L（-ing结尾） l 形容词：E, G, J（E的-cal, G的able, J的tive是形容词后缀） l 副词：C和I（ly加在形容词后为副词后缀）l 注意：即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，词的性质有时比词义还重要。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的或无法确定的，如N) worth (adj./n.)，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。 二、综合解题 l 将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。（一）确定词性，确定选项的选择范围 1）关于动词的判断 前后都是名词短语，中间是动词 。 根据一句（包括从句）有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。 l Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but.(will后面必然是原形动词，一起构成谓语) 55. O strike l Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.（此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词；且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。） 54. A estimate 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。l The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. （前面是一个完整的句子，逗号后跟的，一般是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。） 50. L bringing 2）其它词的判断 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词（the, this, that, a, my之类）后必有名词l This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. （这个/种奇怪的？，当然要一个名词了） 47. F phenomenon l The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.（严重的？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词）49. E tropical l El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.（前面是最高级的修饰语，自然是形容词。） 52. J destructive 副词修饰形容词或动词 l , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.（修饰形容词sure, 当为副词） 56. I completely 谓语动词前有名词主语 l This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.（happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个核心名词。）47. F phenomenon 介词后面必有名词 l As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. （在介词in的后面，当为名词无疑，此处整个短语来修饰lessen减少，当为在某个方面减少。） 48. B strength（二）句里句外，猜测词义 一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰 词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。 l This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么？最好的当然是现象。47. F phenomenon 二看逻辑： 1句内(状语从句，解释，并列等) l As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C. 此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就上升，当然是风的速度或风力。 48. B strength l So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51. 空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致的，很容易选出starvation饥荒. 51. K starvation 2前文（指代等、句间连词） l This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气“现象”。47. F phenomenon l 表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。 与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。 l 还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。 递进：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also 转折：however/but/rather/instead 因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence 3后文l El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。 52. J destructive (dead , damage)三看习惯用法：固定搭配 l Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. 53. N worth 此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。 e.g. The fire caused thousands of pounds worth of damage.三、带项检查l 带入已选答案，重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑语意正确。总结 l 选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力，其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义，从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。 l 先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类，分不出的可先模糊处理。 l 再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置，它的周边环境。 l 有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找；而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。1. 名词后缀 1) -or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor 2) -acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy 3) -ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience 4) -ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency, 5) -bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility, 6) -dom, 表示“等级，领域，状态” freedom, kingdom, wisdom 7) age: package， shortage， marriage8) ant: assistant， accountant， inhabitant9) -hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood 10) -ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction 11) -ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism 12) -ty, 表示性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, loyalty， identity13) -ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument 14) -ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness 15) cy: bankruptcy， literacy， democracy 16) -ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship 17) -th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth18) -tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude(海拔) 19) -ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)20) -grapy, 表示学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography 21) -ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics 22) -ology, 表示学论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学) 23) -nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学) 2. 形容词后缀 l 带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义 1) -able, -ible: visible, flexible 2) 名词-ish: foolish, bookish, selfish (注意accomplish, vanish) 3) ive: active, sensitive, productive 4) like: manlike, childlike 5) 名词-ly: manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly 6) ory: satisfactory， illusory7) ic: realistic， specific， poetic， energetic8) ical: physical， classical， economical9) some: troublesome, handsome 10) ful: beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful 11) ous: dangerous, generous, courageous, 12) ent: violent 13) most: foremost, topmost 14) -less: 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless 15) al: personal， internal， critical， accidental， 16) ary: necessary， primary， secondary17) ious: religious， furious， precious18) y: dirty， healthy， rainy， thirsty， sunny3. 动词后缀 1) -ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化“: modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize 2) -en, 表示使成为，引起，使有” : quicken, weaken, soften, harden 3) -fy, 表示“使化, 使成” : beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify 4) -ish, 表示使，令”: finish, abolish, diminish, establish 5) -ate, 表示“成为，处理，作用” : separate, operate, indicate 4. 副词后缀 (形容词)-ly：badbadly严重地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地 -wise：clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);likelikewise同样地 -ward(s)：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地大学英语四级考试15选10专项训练Unit OneDirections: In this passage there are ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage.Looking back on years of living in a working-class home in the North of England, I should say that a good living room must 11 three principal things: homeliness, warmth and plenty of good food. The living-room is the warm heart of the family and 12 often slightly stuffy to a middle-class visitor. It is not a social centre but a family center; little entertaining goes on there or in the front room, if there 13 to be one; you do not entertain in anything approaching the middle-class 14 The wifes social life outside her 15 family is found over the washing-line, at the little shop on the corner, visiting relatives at a moderate 16 occasionally, and perhaps now and again a visit with her husband to his pub or club. Apart from these two places, he has just his work and his football matches. They will have, each of them, friends at all these places, who may well not know what the inside of their house is like, having never stepped across the threshold, as the old 17 phrase has it. The family hearth is 18 for the family itself, and those who are something to us(another favorite formula) and who look in for a talk or just to sit. Much of the free time of a man and his wife will 19 be passed at that hearth. Just staying in is still one of the most common leisure-time 20 A. happensB.professionsC.senseD.neverthelessE. fashionedF.distanceG.immediateH.usuallyI. occupationsJ.preservedK.imitateL.provideM. thereforeNreserved0.contributeUnit TwoPassage 2Flying over a desert area in an airplane, two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes. After an hours 11 one of the scientists wrote in his book, Look here for 12 metal. Scientists in another airplane, flying over a mountain region, sent a 13 to other scientists on the ground, Gold possible. Walking across hilly ground, four scientists reported, This ground should be searched for metals. From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent back by radio one word, Uranium. None of the scientists had X-ray eyes: they had no 14 powers for looking down below the earths surface. They were 15 putting to use one of the newest methods of 16 minerals in the groundusing trees and plants as 17 that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which the trees andplants are growing.This newest method of searching for minerals is 18 on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may 19 the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface.At Watson Bar Creek, a brook six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia, Canada, a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds. Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees. Roots were dug and put into boxes. Each bag and box was 20 marked. In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested. Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it.A. signsB.sufficientlyC.locatingD.affectE. merelyF.magicG.hintsH.carefullyI. findingJ.messageK.flightL.probableM. revealingN.basedO.informationUnit Three.Passage 2Americas most famous woman is the Goddess of Liberty, i. e. the Statue of Liberty. It was first thought of in 1865 by Edouard de Laboulaye and designed by another Frenchman, Frederic Bartoldi. They wanted to 11 liberty and friendship.It was hoped that the monument would be completed by 1876 when America 12 its centennial. Fund raising and the 13 of the statue in France went slowly. It was 1885 when the 214 crates containing the statue reached New York.Americans were initially 14 for they had not raised the money to pay for the erection of the base. Fund raising by popular subscription was behind 15 . One fund raising method used was to have popular Americans write letters which were then sold in public.The base and statue, 16 272 feet tall, were completed in 1886. From a 17 standpoint, the statue is a marvel. The inner structure was designed by the French engineer, Alexandre Eiffel. His design for the stressed copper skin of the statue anticipated many of the 18 utilized in modern aircraft.After a century, the monument began to show signs of getting worse in 19 . Just as Frenchmen had created the Statue, so it was with restoration.A Frenchman noted the decay and French and American craftsmen and contributions brought about the renewal of the Statue in time for its centennial.Liberty is still 20 in France and the United States.A. completelyB.measuresC.popularD.togetherE. honorF.manufactureG.scheduleH.rewardI. celebratedJ.principlesK.embarrassedL.technicalM. voluntaryNconditions0.discouragedUnit FourPassage 2Sophy Brent came to visit me nearly every day. She made me feel uneasy most of the time. She smoked 11 and never used an ashtray. She followed me into the kitchen while I made tea or coffee or supper and 12 herself to the childrens orange juice. She made a great hit with my two-year-old daughter Flora, who would 13 about her for hours and refer to her lovingly as sofa, and she was always talking about my husband and asking me where he was.I could not decide why she chose my 14 , although I realized that nobody else paid her very much attention. Her situati