大英三summary.docx

UNIT11.1catchingcrabsInthefallofourfinalyear,ourmoodchanged.Therelaxedatmospherehaddisappeared,andpeergrouppressuretoworkhardwasstrong.Meanwhile,atthebackofeveryonesmindwaswhatwewoulddonextaftergraduation.Asforme,Iwantedtotravel,andIwantedtobeawriter.Ibracedmyselfforsomeresistancetotheideafrommyfather,whowantedmetogotolawschool,andfollowhispaththroughlife.However,hesupportedwhatIwantedbuthemademethinkaboutitbywatchingthecrabs.Thecagewasfullofcrabs.Oneofthemwastryingtoescape,buteachtimeitreachedthetoptheothercrabspulleditback.Intheenditgaveuplengthystruggletoescapeandstartedtopreventothercrabsfromescaping.Bywatchingcrabs,myfathertoldmenottobepulledbackbyothers,andtogettoknowhimselfbetter.1.2WearealldyingLifeisshort.Weneverquiteknowwhenwebecomecoffindwellersortrampledashintherosegardenofsomelocalceremony.Sotheresnopointinputtingourdreamsonthebackburneruntiltherighttimearrives.Nowisthetimetodowhatwewanttodo.Makethebestofourshortstayandfillourlifewiththerichesonoffersothatwhenthereaperarrives,weveachievedmuchinsteadofregrets.UNIT22.1supermanTheextractfromJohnnyPanicandtheBibleofDreamsbySylviaPlathisacombinationofherreallifeandimaginarylifeinherchildhood.Inthereallife,PlathwasawinneroftheprizefordrawingthebestCivilDefensesigns,livedbyanairportandhadanUnclewhoboreresemblancetoSuperman.Inherimagination,theairportwasherMeccaandJerusalembecauseofherflyingdreams.Supermanfulfilledherdreamatthemoment.DavidStirling,abookishboy,alsoworshipSuperman.Duringtherecessatschool,heandtheauthorplayedSupermangames.Comparedwiththeirschool-mateswhoplayedtheroutinegames,theyfelttheywereoutlawsbuthadasenseofwindysuperiority.Theyalsofoundastand-in,SheldonFein,wholaterinventedtortures.2.2cultualchildhoodsHistorically,childhoodhasundergoneenormoustransformationsintermsofchildrensresponsibilitiesandparentalexpectations.Culturally,childhoodissociallyconstructed.Theinterplayofhistoryandculturalleadstodifferentunderstandingofchildhood,consequentlyitisadvisablenottoimposeideasfromoneculturetounderstandchildhoodinanotherculture. UNIT33.1howwelistenForthesakeofclarify,wesplituptheprocessoflisteningtomusicintothreehypotheticalplanes.Firstly,thesensuousplane.Itisakindofbrainlessbutattractivestateofmindengenderedbythemeresoundappealofthemusic.Secondly,theexpressiveplane.Itiswhenwebelieveeachpieceofmusichasatheme,whichmirrorsadifferentworldoffeeling,suchasgaiety,sadness.Thirdly,themusicalplane.Itistheabilitytoexperiencedifferentmusicalelements,suchasmelodies,therhythms,theharmonies,thetonecolorsetc.Weusuallylistentomusiconallthreeplanes.3.2themysteryofGirlwithaPearlEarringThepaintingGirlwithaPearlEarringisoneofDutchpainterJohannesVermeersmasterworks.Itshowsastrikingyoungwomanwearinganexoticcostumeandaturban,peeringoverhershoulderstraightoutattheviewer.Asthenameimplies,itusesapearlearringforafocalpoint.IthasbeenreferredtoastheMonaLisaofthenorth,because,likeLeonardodaVincispainting,itappearstobeasimplelikenessofawomanwithanenigmaticsmile,yetwhichcontainslevelsofmeaningsandquestions.Somuchmysteryinthepaintingcontributestoitsworldwidepopularityandgeneratesathoroughlyrewardingnovelandawell-composedfilm.UNIT44.1workincorporateAmericaIntodaysAmericanjobsarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Notlongago,whenafatherwasaskedabouthisjobhecouldanswerintermsthatachildcouldcometogripswith.Nowadays,whentheparenttakehisoffspringtohisplaceofbusinessinglassbuildingsthatarereallyincomprehensivetochildren.Whatsmore,itssafebetthatevengrownmenhavetroublevisualizingwhatothermendoesintheirjobswithhisday.Therefore,itsnotdifficulttoimagineapoorchildmayanswer”mullingover”afteritbeatsmethemysteriesofwork,whenhisfriendsaskshimofhisfathersjob.4.2oursupposedlyexcitingtimesarereallyratherdullLivinginaworldofunprecedented/dazzlingchange,thereareneverbeenanythingquitelikeit.However,wearejustignorantof/aboutdeeperhistoricalpatterns,takeglobalizationforexample,fromhistoricalcontextpointofview,theworldisalmostmeaningless.WesimplydonotliveinaageofgreattechnologicalinnovationforallourenthusiasmaboutinternetandiPod.Withstaggering90percentofallwebtrafficislocal,wearealwaysbetoldtheInternethas“openedup”theworld.AstheChinesecurseruns“Mayyouliveininterestingtimes”,itcanbringchaosandanxietyintheinthewake. UNIT55.1dinneratJoannesWhenayoungblackmanarrivesinacrowdedandexpensiverestaurant,theheadwaitermakeshimsitintheleastcomfortableplace,eventhoughatablehasbeenbookedforhimanda“MsRogers”.WhenMsRogersarrives,thewaiterrealizesthatsheisawell-knownSenator;andMsRogerrealizesthatherfriendhasbeentreatedbadlybecauseofthecolorofhisskin.Thewaiterrealizeshismistaketoo,andtriestomakeupforit,butitstoolate.5.2I wetheyThewriterusesstoriesaboutdoingbusinessbetweenSwedesandSaudistoillustratethedifferencesbetweenanindividualistandacollectivistapproachtobusiness.Theyhavedifferentconceptsoftheroleofpersonalrelationshipsinbusiness.TheSwedesbelievethebusinessisdonewithacompanywhiletheSaudisthinkitshouldbedonewithapersontheyknowandtrust.Thenthewritercomparesthecharacteristicsofthecollectivistandthoseoftheindividualist.Inthemostcollectivistsocieties,thefamiliesareusuallyextendedfamilieswhileintheindividualistsocieties,nuclearfamiliesareprevalent.Peopleconsiderthemselvesaspartofa“we”grouporin-groupinthecollectivistsocieties.Incontrast,theindividualistthinkofthemselvesas“I”,theirpersonalidentitywhichisdistinctfromotherpeoples.Apracticalandpsychologicaldependencerelationshipdevelopsbetweenthepersonandthein-groupinthecollectivistsocieties.However,rarelydopeopledependonagroupintheindividualistsocieties.UNIT66.1LastmandownThetextfromLastMaDownoffersaneyewitnessaccountofdefininghistoricaleventof9/11attackfromtheperspectiveofRichardPicciotto,afirefighter;hisstoryisthatofaman,ahero,andatragiceventthatinspiredthenation.Hisrecountisntoneofdeathanddestruction,butacelebrationoflifeand