step by step2000听力教程第二册文本.pdf

大家论坛英语听力大家论坛英语听力 step by step 2000 第二册第二册 unit01 a 1 What kind of student comes to Oxford The answer to this is there is no Oxford Type Common qualities they look for are commitment enthusiasm and motivation for your chosen area of study backed by a strong academic record 2 The University of Cambridge is one of the oldest universities in the world and one of the largest in the United Kingdom It has a worldwide reputation for outstanding academic achievement and the high quality of research undertaken in a wide range of science and arts subjects 3 The University of Sydney was the first to be estabished in Australia and after almost 150years of proud achievement still leads in innovation and quality The University excels in sport and social activities debating drama music and much more 4 Known for excellence in teaching research and service to the community the University of Victoria serves approximately 17 000 students It is favored by its location on Canada s spectacular west coast in the capital of British Columbia 5 NewZealand s largest university the University of Auckland was established in 1883 and has grown into an international center of learning and academic excellence The University is situated in the heart of the cosmopolitan city of Auckland and provides an exciting and stimulating environment for 26 000 students 6 Founded in 1636 Harvard has a 380 acre urban campus with easy access to Boston It has a total enrollment of about 18 500 students This university comprises many different schools such as the Faculty of Arst and Sciences School of Business Administration and School of Education 7 Columbia University is an independent coeducational university whidh awards master s doctoral professsional and other advanced degrees with an enrollment of about 20 000 graduate and professional students 8 Boston University is located along the banks of the Charles River With more than 30 000 students from all over the United States and 135 countries it is the third largest indepent university in the United States B Listen to a passage about the online higher education in the U S Supply the missing words American universities have been offering classes online through computers for a number of years Now some newly created colleges are offering academic degrees online One university offers both bachelor s degrees and master s degrees Officials say they try to provide students with a social exprience as well as an educational one For example in some progress groups of the same six students progress through all their classes together They communicatied by computer Another online school uses a problem solving method of teaching Students attempt to solve real problems in their classes online instead of reading information Students who have taken online classes say they like them because they do not have to travel to be a buildiing at a set time to listen to a professor Profesors say have better communication with students through e mail notes than they do in many traditional classes step by step 2000 第二册第二册 unit01 b Educational systems 大家论坛英语听力大家论坛英语听力 key words primary school secondary school high school higher education college university vocabulary comprehensive schooL GCSE examination A level sophomore provincial school board diploma certificate Primary school secondary school permissible age entering age entering age to level school Britain USA junior high senior high Australia intermediate school high school Cananda 1 What examonations do British children have to take before they leave secondary school 2 Who should take A levels in Briain 3 What dose the word sophomore mean in the U S 4 What exam do Australian children have to take before they leave high school 5 what is a musst to Australian children who would like to go to various sorts of higher education 6 How many years of study are required for university degrees in Canada Part II D David M Michael N Nicolette D Well in Britain from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations After this some children take er vocational courses or even start work Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels And at the age of eighteen after A levels they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university and that s usually for three years M well it depends on what state you re in but er most kids in the United States start school at about six er when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade Some kids go to a kindergarten the year before that Then they go on to junior high school that s about eleven and that s the seventh eighth and ninth grades And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen er starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually Some students er will leave school at sixteen and they ll start work but er most of them stay on to graduate er from high school at age eighteen In the first year at high school or college students are called freshmen in the second they re called sophomores in the third year er we call them juniors and in the fourth year they re called seniors Now er a lot of high school graduates er then go to college or university and they do a four year first degree course Some of them might go to junior college er which is a two year course N Well in Australia well in most states anyway children start their primary education at five 大家论坛英语听力大家论坛英语听力 after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten They will start at primary school until they re about eleven then they ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen which you start in the third form Now after three years at high school um you sit a general exam some states call it School Certificate er and that is a sort of general qualification After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination which then gives you entree into a university or it s another useful qualification and form then on you go to various sorts of higher education Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility but schools are administered by local school boards Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old Children begin formal full day schooling in Grade 1 when they are about six years old They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen However most students continue to finish high school Some go on to college or university Each year of schooling represents one grade The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June Elementary school or high school may start in Grade 8 9 or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12 In Canada students may go to university or to a community college If they want to learn skills for a specific job they attend college for one to four years to get a diploma or certificate For example lab technicians child care workers and hotel managers go to college Universities offer degree programs as well as training in certain professions such as law medicine and teaching Universities offer three main levels of degrees Students earn a bachelor s degree can take another year or two A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete step by step 2000 第二册第二册 unit01 c key words snob value promotion a piece of paper ability rejected vocabulary snob craftsman decent promotion humble colleague reject oblige 1 Educational has acquired in modern times 2 Nowadays if we want to get a decent job we have to 3If we want to get promotion in even a humblest job we have to 4 Experience and practical skills are regarded as 5 Johnson would ve been a manager by now if he d taken the trouble to 6 He s a clever man he could ve done anything if he d had 7 Would it not be better to in a way most suited to them rather than which may offer no opportunity for them to deve op skiis in which they would ve become expert if left to themselves MAJOR VIEWPOINTS SUPPORTING IDEAS AND FACTS Statment Numbers Statment Numbers Part III 大家论坛英语听力大家论坛英语听力 Education has acquired a kind of snob value in modern times We are no longer content to be honest craftsmen skilled at our work through years of patient practice Nowadays if we want to get a decent job we have to have a piece of paper If we want to get promotion in even a humblest job we have to obtain a certificate or a diploma first We may know that we will be better at the job than the man with the paper qualifications but our experience and practical skills are regarded as relatively unimportant Johnson would ve been a manager by now if he d taken the trouble to get a degree his colleagues say He s a clever man he could ve done anything if he d had a proper education I wonder if as time goes on we should discover that many people whose practical experience and ability would have been enormously useful to their employers have been rejected on the ground that they are insufficiently qualified Would it not be better to allow people to become expert in a way most suited to them rather than oblige them to follow a set course of instruction which may offer no opportunity for them to develop skills in which they would ve become expert if left to themselves step by step 2000 第二册第二册 unit01 d Thinking Ahead of the Speaker Anticipation Helps Listening is an extremely complex In his book Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology Neisser defines listening as a temporally activity in which the listener develops more or less for what will come next In other words an effective listener is hypothesis in his mind and also he is his hypothesis by matching it with If he hears what he has expected he receives the information But if what he hears is totally he fails to The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the listener s with the theme of message It also depends on the listener s of the speaker as well as Obviously when we listen to something that we have some information about it is generally a lot easier for us to the new information Therefore seems to have a big role to play in enhancing listening comprehension Before actual listening we could perhaps first the topic discuss it with others read some and do some If we could make ourselves for the forthcoming talks or lectures we are more likely to become effective listeners Of course readiness beforehand is not at all enough must take place all the way through In fact we should always try to think the speaker The ability to anticipate helps us in guesswork It does not only enable us to what a person is going to talk about in a certain situation but also interestingly enough sometimes even what a person s is going to be in a discussion Thinking Ahead of the Speaker Anticipation Helps Listening is an extremely complex communicative activity In his book Principles and Implications of Cognitive Psychology Neisser defines listening as a temporally extended activity in which the listener continuously develops more or less specific readiness for what will come next In other words an effective listener is constantly setting up hypothesis in his mind and also he is constantly testing his hypothesis by matching it with what he has heard in reality If he hears what he has expected he receives the information But if what he hears is totally out of his expectation he fails to get the message The skill to anticipate what is coming in listening comprehension depends largely on the 大家论坛英语听力大家论坛英语听力 listener s familiarity with the theme of message It also depends on the listener s knowledge of the speaker as well as the setting Obviously when we listen to something that we already have some information about it is generally a lot easier for us to take in the new information Therefore pre listening preparation seems to have a big role to play in enhancing listening comprehension Before actual listening we could perhaps first give some thought to the topic discuss it with others read some related materials and do some vocabulary work If we could make ourselves fully oriented for the forthcoming talks or lectures we are more likely to become effective listeners Of course readiness beforehand is not at all enough Active thinking must take place all the way through In fact we should always try to think ahead of the speaker The ability to anticipate helps us in logical and intelligent guesswork It does not only enable us to know generally what a person is going to talk about in a certain situation but also interestingly enough sometimes even exactly what a person s next utterance is going to be in a discussion step by step 2000 第二册第二册 unit02 a Part I A 1 There are more than 2 700 languages in the world In addition there are more than 7 000 dialects A dialect is a regional variety of a language that has a different pronuniciation vacabulary or meaning 2 The language in which a government conducts business is the official language of that country 3 One billion people speak English That s 20 percent of the world s population 4 Four hundred million people speak English as their first language For the other 600 million it s either a second language or a foreign language 5 There are more than 500 000 words in the Oxford dictionary Eighty percent of all English vocabulary comes form other languages 6 Eighty percent of all information in the world s computers is in English 7 Somalia is the only African country in which the entire population speaks the same language Somali 8 More than 1 000 different languages are spoken on the continent of Africa 9 When the American spaceship Voyage began its journey in 1977 it carried a gold disc On the disc there were messages in 55 languages Before all of them there was a message from the Secretary General of the United Nations in English B Different people have different ways of learning We call this your learning style and it s based on your senses To learn you need to use your different senses hearing seeing touching etc to bring information to your brain Now most people use one of their senses more than the others Some people learn best by listening They are called hearing learners And other learn best by reading or looking at pictures They are called visual learners And some learn best by touching and doing things They are called tactile learners Now scientists don t know why people use one sense more than the others Maybe the sense they use most just works best for them C All right class Today we re going to be looking at different language learning styles You may 大家论坛英语听力大家论坛英语听力 be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages none of which is necessarily better than the others Researchers have identified four basic learner types the communicative learner the analytical learner the authority oriented learner and the concrete learner Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers At home they like to learn by watching TV and videos They like to learn new words by hearing them In class they like to learn by having conversations Now concrete learners like to learn by playing games by looking at pictures and videos in class by talking in pairs and by listening to cassettes at home and school Now authority oriented learners on the other hand like the teacher to explain everything They like to write everything down in their notebook and they like to have a textbook They like to learn new words by seeing them And finally we have analytical learners These learners like to learn by studying grammar At home they like to learn by studying English books and they like to study by themselves They like to find their own mistakes Now of course it s unusual for a person to be exclusively one type rather than another Most of us are mixtures of styles What type of learner do you think you are step by step 2000 第二册第二册 unit02 b Part II A Well what I wanted to ask really was you re a teacher been teaching for some years now erm what would you say how would you describe a good student or a bad student you know sort of things they do or don t do in the classroom B Erm well a good student is usually one who s not afraid to make mistakes I d say A Uh huh B And he s er eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns whether it be a structure or a function or a new word erm he immediately starts trying to use it A Yeah all right B And he s interested in the mistakes he makes he s not afraid to make them A So he s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on B No no no He he plays with the language A bad student on the other hand will perhaps say OK I ve done this chapter I know this without trying to experiment at all without really testing himself A Ahha ahha B He s usually passive he won t speak up much in the classroom He ll very rarely ask you why this and why not something else A Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn t do anything more with it B That s right and in a test he s the one person who s likely to suddenly realize that er yes he wasn t too sure about that after all A Yeah B And peep over at the er at this neighbor s paper A Oh yes an alternative learning strategy B Right and he invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself I think that s the result of er this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out A Mm right yeah Er anything else B Er 大家论坛英语听力大家论坛英语听力 A That characterizes the good or bad learner B Er mm the bad learner is wait a minute er the good learner is erm well I think he ll do more off his own bat as well he won t rely entirely on the teacher A Mm hm B He ll read he ll read books A Mm so work outside the classroom as well as in it B Yes yeah A yeah yeah B Students who make most progress are first of a