高培15套题答案复件.doc

第二套（1997 年05 月语法题）1. The ponderosa pine is _ of most of the timber used by forest product firms in theBlack Hills of South Dakota.(A) the source(B) as source(C) the source which(D) because the source答案：A分析：空格处应添入表语A 为名词短语，使句子结构完整，语义明确。B 为介词短语，可以做表语，但不符合题意。C D 都含从句引导词，但都不能构成完整的从句，排除。参考译文：ponderosa 松树是南达科塔Black Hills 地区木材公司的主要原料。2. Computers that once took up entire rooms are now _ to put on desktops and into wristwatches.(A) small enough(B) smaller than(C) so small(D) as small as答案：A分析：空格处缺表语。A 构成完整句子B D 为比较级，但是缺少比较对象，排除。C 中SO 需要与that 配合，但是没有出现that,排除注：enough 修饰形容词或副词时一般放在被修饰词的后面。参考译文：曾经有一间房子那么大的计算机现在小到足以放在桌面上或者像手表那么大。3. According to some educator, the goal of teaching is to help students learn what _ to know tolive a well-adjusted and successful life.(A) do they need(B) they need(C) they are needed(D) as they may need.答案：B分析：A 倒装结构不能用在从句中。B 正确的从句结构。C 被动语态不符合句意。D as 多余参考译文：对于许多教育家来说，教育的目的就是帮助学生学习他们应该知道的东西，从而能够过有着正确导向并且成功的生活。4. The sapphires transparency to ultraviolet and infrared radiation makes _ in optical instruments.(A) it is of use(B) it uses(C) it a useful(D) it useful答案：D分析：这道题的考点是 make+名词+形容词结构。四个选项中只有D 可以构成完整的句子。*注：make 结构在TOEFL 考试中是常考的结构。参考译文：蓝宝石对紫外线和红外线辐射的透明性使它在制作光学仪器方面很有用处。5. _ initial recognition while still quite young.(A) Most famous scientists achieved.(B) That most famous scientists achieved(C) Most famous scientists who achieved(D) For most famous scientists to achieve.答案：A分析：都缺少主句谓语参考译文：许多有名的科学家在很年轻的时候就获得了最初的赞誉。6. Mango trees, _ densely covered with glossy leaves and bear small fragrant flowers, growrapidly and can attain heights of up to 90 feet.(A) whose(B) which are(C) are when(D) which答案：B分析：两个逗号两边构成了完整的句子结构，因此逗号之间应该添入非限定性定语从句A whose 后面没有名词，且语义不通。C 不是非限定性定于从句，排除。D 与B 比较缺少are,再看从句的具体含义可知应该用被动语态，所以D 排除。参考译文：长有光亮树叶和小的芬芳花朵的芒果树生长迅速，并且可以高达90 英尺。7. _, the Canadian composer Barbara Pentland wrote four symphonies, three concertos, and anopera, among other works.(A) An artist who, prolific(B) Is a prolific artist(C) Prolific an artist(D) A prolific artist.答案：D分析：空格处应为主语的同位语A B 不能做同位语，排除C 不定冠词与形容词位置错误，排除。参考译文：加拿大的高产作曲家Barbara Pentland 写过四部交响乐，三部协奏曲，一出话剧，还有一些其它的作品。8. The Chisos Mountains in Big Bend National Park in Texas were created by volcanic eruptions thatoccurred _.(A) the area in which dinosaurs roamed(B) when dinosaurs roamed the area(C) did dinosaurs roam the area(D) dinosaurs roaming the area.答案：B分析：空格处应添入时间状语从句。四个选项中只有B 是正确的时间状语从句。参考译文：德克萨斯州Big Bend 国家公园的Chisos 山是由有恐龙存在的那个时代的火山爆发形成的。9. In bas-relief sculpture, a design projects very slightly from its background, _ some coins.(A) as on(B) because(C) the way that(D) similarly.答案：A分析：project 在这里为动词，做“凸出”讲，因此第二个逗号前已经构成了完整的句子，逗号后面需要添入状语B C 含有从句引导词，但缺少从句谓语，排除。D 为副词，不能修饰名词，排除。参考译文：在一件浅浮雕作品中，图案微微的从背景中凸出来，就像一些硬币的制作方法一样。10. Alaska found the first years of its statehood costly because it had to take over the expense of ervices _ previously by the federal government.(A) To provide(B) Be provided(C) providing(D) provided答案： D分析：空格前为名词短语，空格处应该添非谓语动词做后置定语,因此首先排除B。由后面的by 可知非谓语动词表示被动，因此选D参考译文：阿拉斯加作为州的地位，最初几年的花销是巨大的。因为它需要承担以前由联邦政府支付的服务性事业的开销。11. With age, the mineral content of human bones decreases, _ them more fragile.(A) make(B) and to make(C) thereby making(D) which it makes.答案：C分析：A 使句中两个谓语动词缺少连接词。B 中and 连接的动词不平行。C 构成现在分词短语用作表示结果的状语，符合题意。D 中it 多余。参考译文：随着年龄的增长，人类骨骼中的矿物质含量会降低，因此更容易骨折。12. Not until Kentuckys Mammoth Cave had been completely explored in 1972 _.(A) when was its full extent realized(B) that its full extent realized(C) was its full extent realized(D) the realization of its full extent.答案：C分析：重考倒装结构。看到not until 放在句首，选择倒装结构的答案即可。参考译文：直到1972 年，猛犸象的洞穴被完全探究，它才被广泛地认识。13. The first explorer _ California by land was Jedediah Strong Smith, a trapper whocrossed the southwestern deserts of the United States in 1826.(A) that he reached(B) reached(C) to reach(D) reaching it答案：C分析：空格处缺少名词的后置修饰语。A 中从句引导词不对，而且he 多余B 作谓语动词缺关系代词WHO,作非谓语动词则表示被动，两种用法都不符合题意。C 构成不定式短语做名词的后置修饰语，符合题意。D 中it 多余参考译文：第一个从陆地到达加利福尼亚的探险家是猎人Jedediah Strong Smith，他在1826 年绕过了美国西南部的大沙漠。14. Written to be performed on a _, Thornton Wilders play Our Town depicts life in a small NewEngland community.(A) stage scenery of bare(B) bare of stage scenery(C) scenery bare of stage(D) stage bare of scenery.答案：D分析：参考译文：Thornton Wilder 的描写自然景色的舞台剧“Our Town”刻画了一个新英格兰小社区的生活。15. _ many copper mines in the state of Arizona, a fact which contributes significantly to thestates economy.(A) They are(B) There are(C) Of the(D) The答案：B分析：空格后面没有谓语动词，因此空格处应该添入主谓结构，所以排除C、D。A 中的they 指代不明，TOEFL 考试中有一条不成文的规定，指代不明的代词不可能在考题中出现，因此可以将这个选项排除。参考译文：亚利桑那州有很多铜矿，对整个州的经济发展有着巨大的贡献。16. A food additive is any chemical that food manufactures intentional add to their products.答案：C分析：intentional 是形容词，不能修饰动词add改正：intentional intentionally参考译文：食品添加剂是食品制造商有意加入食品中的一些化学成分。17. Margaret Mead studied many different cultures, and she was one of the first anthropologists to hotograph hers subjects.答案：D分析：hers 不能修饰名词改正：hers her参考译文：Margaret Mead 研究了许多不同的文化，她也是那些最早拍摄下自己课题的人类学家之一。18. Talc, a soft mineral with a variety of uses, sold is in slabs or in powdered from.答案：C分析：被动语态助动词与动词位置颠倒。改正：sold is is sold参考译文：云母，一种有着不同用处的柔软的矿物质，被分成片状或者粉末来出售。19. During the 1870s iron workers in Alabama proved they could produce iron by burning iron ore ith coke, instead than with charcoal.答案：D分析：rather than 习惯用法instead 则跟of 搭配改正：instead rather参考译文：在19 世纪70 年代，阿拉巴马州的制铁工人发现可以用铁和焦炭一起燃烧来制造铁，而不是和木炭。20. Geologists at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory rely on a number of instruments to studying thevolcanoes in Hawaii.答案：D分析：不定式后面接动词原形。改正：to studying to study参考译文：夏威夷火山天文台科学家们通过很多的仪器来研究夏威夷的火山。21. Underlying aerodynamics and all other branches of theoretical mechanics are the laws of motion ho were developed in the seventeenth century.答案：D分析：who 的先行词必须是人，这里是物。所以应该改为that 或which改正：who that/which参考译文：基本的空气动力学和所有其它的理论力学的分支都是17 世纪发展起来的运动法则。22. Was opened in 1918, the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C., was the first museum in the United States devoted to modern art.答案：A分析：这里的错误很明显，was opened 是谓语动词，前面应该有主语，但是没有。所以将was 去掉，变成过去分词。改正：was opened opened参考译文：1918 年在华盛顿特区开张的“Phillips Collection”是美国第一家收集现代艺术品的博物馆。23. A mortgage enables a person to buy property without paying for it outright; thus more people are able to enjoy to own a house.答案：D分析：enjoy 后面应该接ing 形式。改正：to own owning参考译文：抵押可以使人们购买货品而不必马上付钱，因此，有更多的人愿意购买房屋。24. Alike ethnographers, ethnohistorians make systematic observations, but they also gather data from documentary and oral sources.答案：A分析：alike 是表语形容词，后面不可以接名词，应该改为like改正：Alike Like参考译文：就像人种学家一样，人种史学家也要进行系统的观察，但是他们也通过记载和口述来获得数据。25. Basal body temperature refers to the most lowest temperature of a healthy individual duringwaking hours.答案：B分析：最高级重复，lowest 已经是最高级。改正：most lowest lowest参考译文：基体温度是指健康个体在醒着时期的最低温度。26. Research in the United States on acupuncture has focused on it use in pain relief and anesthesia.答案：C分析：it 不能修饰名词，要用所有格its。改正：it its参考译文：在美国，针灸疗法的研究致力于减轻痛苦和解除麻痹。27. The Moons gravitational field cannot keep atmospheric gases from escape into space.答案：C分析：keepfrom doing sth.是固定用法改正：from escape from escaping参考译文：月球的重力场不能避免大气层脱离月球而飞向太空。28. Although the pecan tree is chiefly value for its fruit, its wood is used extensively for flooring,furniture, boxed, and crates.答案：B分析：value 是名词，不能被副词修饰，所以应该改为valuable。改正：value valuable参考译文：尽管美洲山核桃树主要因为它的果实而珍贵，但是它的木材也被广泛用来做成地板，家具，盒子以及箱子。29. Born in Texas in 1890, Katherine Anne Porter produced three collection of short stories before publishing her well-known novel Ship of Fools in 1962.答案：B分析：collection 为可数名词，应该用它的复数形式。改正：collection collections参考译文：Katherine Anne Porter，1890 年生于德克萨斯，在1962 年出版她著名小说“Ship of Fools”之前写了三部短篇小说集。30. Insulation from cold, protect against dust and sand, and camouflage are among the functions ofhair for animals.答案：A分析：protect 为动词，不能与前面的名词并列。改正：protect protection参考译文：避寒、隔离尘土和沙子以及伪装是动物毛发的几个功能。31.The notion that students are not sufficiently involved in their education is one reason for therecently surge of support for undergraduate research.答案：C分析：recently 是副词，不能修饰后面的名词。应该改为形容词形式。改正：recently recent参考译文：学生不能有效的投入学习的这种观点是最近掀起的支持大学生调查热潮的原因之一。32.As secretary of transportation from 1975 to 1977, William Coleman worked to help the bankruptrailroads in the northeastern United States solved their financial problems.答案：C分析：help 后面接不定式可以省略to，但不能接过去式或过去分词。改正：solved solve/to solve参考译文：由于1975 年到1977 年的部长流动，William Coleman 在美国的东北部帮助破产的铁路部门解决他们的财政问题。33. Faults in the Earths crust are most evidently in sedimentary formations, where they interruptpreviously continuous layers.答案：A分析：evidently 是副词，不可以作表语，应该改为形容词。改正：evidently evident参考译文：在沉积层，地壳的断层最明显，他们打断了先前形成的连续的地层。34. Many flowering plants benefit of pollination by adult butterflies and moths.答案：B分析：benefit from 是习惯用法改正：of from参考译文：许多开花的植物受益于成年的蝴蝶和蛾子的授粉。35. A number of the American Indian languages spoken at the time of the European arrival in the NewWorld in the late fifteen century have become extinct.答案：D分析：fifteen 是基数词，表示第几世纪应该用序数词。改正：fifteen fifteenth参考译文：许多在15 世纪末欧洲人到达新大陆那个时期所讲的美国印第安语都已经消失了。36. George Gershwin was an American composer whose concert works joined the sounds of jazz withthem of traditional orchestration.答案：D分析：them 是宾格代词，根据题意应该用指示代词those 一面重复提到前面的名词sounds。改正：them those参考译文：美国作曲家George Gershwin 的音乐会作品融合了爵士乐和传统的管弦乐。37. One of the problems of United States agriculture that has persisted during the 1920s until the present day is the tendency of farm income to lag behind the costs of production.答案：B分析：fromuntil 习惯搭配改正：during the from the参考译文：从20 世纪20 年代一直到今天，美国农业的一个问题是农场的收入滞后于产品的价格。38. Volcanism occurs on Earth in several geological setting, most of which are associated with the boundaries of the enormous, rigid plates that make up thelithosphere.答案：B分析：由形容词several 可知被修饰的名词为复数形式。改正：setting settings参考译文：火山活动一般发生在几种地质环境下，大多数的这些地质环境都与组成岩石圈的巨大坚硬的板块有关。39. Early European settlers in North America used medicines they made from plants native to treat colds, pneumonia, and ague, an illness similar to malaria.答案：C分析：单个形容词修饰名词一般放在被修饰的名词之前。改正：plants native native plants参考译文：北美洲的早期殖民者利用当地植物做成的药来治疗伤寒、肺炎还有和瘴气很像的一种疾病，疟疾。40. Some insects bear a remarkable resemblance to dead twigs, being long, slenderness, wingless, and brownish in color.答案：C分析：考察形容词的平行结构，winless、brownish 都是形容词，所以应该改为slender。改正：slenderness slender参考译文：一些昆虫与枯枝非常相像，很长、纤细、没有翅膀并且呈褐色。_第四套（1997 年08 月语法题）1. Associated with the Denishawn company from 1916 until 1923, Martha Grahaimdeveloped a powerful, _ that was integral to the foundations of modern dance.(A) expressively stylish(B) a style expressive(C) stylishly expressive(D) expressive style.答案：D分析:看整个句子可知空格处缺少被形容词修饰的单数名词。A C 缺少名词，排除。B 中的a 与空格前的a 重复，排除。D 为形容词修饰名词，复合题意。参考译文：从1916 年到1923 年,与Denishawn 公司和作， Martha Grahaim 创造了一种有力的，富有表现力的与现代舞基本功融为一体的风格。2. Some snakes lay eggs, but others _ birth to live offspring.(A) give(B) giving(C) they give(D) to have given答案：A分析:由but 可知，逗号前后为完整的两个句子。所以空格处应添谓语动词，只有选项A 符合。参考译文：一些蛇下蛋，而另一些蛇则可以生出小蛇。3. Because it was so closely related to communication, _ art form to develop.(A) drawing was probably the earliest(B) to draw early was probably(C) early drawing probably(D) the earliest draw.答案：A分析:逗号前是一个原因状语从句，因此空格处应该添主句主谓部分。A 构成完整主句，符合题意。B 中was probably art 显然语义不通，故排除。C、D 不是主谓结构，也可以排除。参考译文：由于图画与交流的关系十分密切，所以它可能是最早发展起来的艺术形式。4. Halleys Comet had its first documented sighting in 240 B.C. in China and _it has been seen from the Earth 29 times.(A) after(B) because of(C) since then(D) that is答案：C分析:句中含有and，所以前后为完整的两个句子，空格处缺少状语成分。A B 均缺少介词的宾语。C 构成完整的时间状语。D that is 明显是乱编出来的，应该可以排除掉吧参考译文：公元前240 年，在中国，哈雷彗星被发现并且记载下来，从那时候到现在，在地球上已经观察到它29 次了。5. _ that managers commit in problem solving is jumping to a conclusion about the cause of agiven problem.(A) Major errors.(B) Since the major error(C) The major error(D) Of the major errors.答案：C分析:从that 从句和后面的is jumping 可以断定空格处却少单数名词主语。A D 为复数，排除。B 是整个句子成为从句从而缺少主语，排除。参考译文：经理们在解决问题时犯的主要错误就是直接得出了关于导致给定问题原因的这个结论。6. Algonkian-speaking Native Americans greeted the Pilgrims _ settled on theeastern shores of what is now New England.(A) to whom(B) of which(C) who(D) which答案：C分析:空格前后都有谓语动词，空格处缺少从句引导词。A 选项使从句缺少主语。B D 中的which 只能指代物，与题意不符。C 为指人的关系代词。参考译文：讲Algonkian 语的土生美洲人对定居在东海岸也就是今天新英格兰的朝圣者表示敬意。7. The best known books of Ross Macdonald, _ writer of detective novels, featurethe character Lew Archer, a private detective.(A) is the(B) is an(C) they are by(D) the答案：D分析:两个逗号前后可以构成完整的句子，由此可以看出逗号之间应该添入同位语。所以带谓语的A、B、C 选项都可以排除。参考译文：侦探小说家Ross Macdonald 的最著名的小说刻画了一个私家侦探Lew Archer。8. The first building to employ steel skeleton construction, _.(A) Chicago, Illinois, the home of the Home Insurance Company Building completed in 1885.(B) The Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago, Illinois, was completed in 1885.(C) Because the Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago, Illinois was completedin 1885.(D) The Home Insurance Company Building in Chicago, Illinois, in 1885.答案：B分析:逗号前是名词短语做主语同位语，空格处应该添入完整的句子。因此C、D 可以排除。A 中的complete 用的是主动语态，也可以排除，故选择B。参考译文： 1885 年完工芝加哥家庭保险公司大楼是第一个采用钢架结构的建筑物。9. During the course of its growth, a frog undergoes a true metamorphosis _ with fishlike larvalstage.(A) begin(B) began(C) beginning(D) is begun.答案：C分析:A、B、D 中的谓语动词与undergo 冲突，排除。C 选项为现在分词，可以做名词的后置定语。参考译文：在青蛙生长期间，它从类似子鱼期开始经历了一次真正的变形。10. Mahalia Jackson, _ combined powerfully vitality with great dignity, was one of thebest known gospel singers in the United-States.(A) it was her singing(B) which songs(C) who sang(D) whose singing答案：D分析:纵观全句，逗号前后已经构成了完整的句子，因此结合几个选项，空格处应为非限定性定于从句。A 缺少从句引导词B 引导词which 使用错误C 谓语重复参考译文： Mahalia Jackson 的歌声非常生动地与高贵结合在一起，她也是美国最著名的福音歌手之一。11. Precious metals, gems, and ivory have been used to make buttons, but most buttons are made of _ wood, glass, or plastic.(A) such materials that(B) materials as such(C) such materials as(D) such materials.答案：C分析:这里的考点是such.as.的用法。四个选项中只有C 是正确表达。参考译文：贵重的金属、宝石和象牙曾经被用来制作钮扣，但是大多数的纽扣的材料是木头、玻璃和塑料。12. Outside the bright primary rainbow, _ much fainter secondary rainbow may be visible.(A) so(B) a(C) since(D) still答案：B分析:逗号前面是介词短语做地点状语，空格后面是完整的句子，因此空格处缺少修饰主语的词。都不能修饰主语rainbow,因此排除。而rainbow 是可数名词，可以用a 来修饰。参考译文：在明亮的彩虹外面也许会出现较为暗淡的霓。13. An critic, teacher, librarian, or poet who hopes to broaden poetrys audience faces the difficult challenge of persuading skeptical readers _.(A) that poetry is important today(B) for poetry to be important today(C) to be important poetry today (D) poetry that is important today.答案：A分析:这道题考persuade 的用法，persuade 的用法有两种。Persuade sb.to do sth.：劝某人做某事，和persuade sb.that+从句：使某人相信.A 属于第二种用法。B 无此种表达方式。C 如果属于第一种用法则语义不通。D poetry 位置不对。参考译文：那些包括评论家、教师、图书管理员或者是诗人在内的想要扩大诗歌听众群的人都面临着一个艰难的挑战，那就是使那些持怀疑论的读者相信在今天诗歌非常重要。14. Following the guidelines for speaking and voting established by the book Roberts Rules of Order, _ during meetings.(A) and avoid large decision-making organizations procedural confusion(B) large decision-making organizations avoid procedural confusion(C) is procedural confusion avoided by large decision-making organizations(D) are avoiding procedural confusion in large decision-making organizations.答案：B分析:逗号前为现在分词作状语，空格处缺少完整的句子。A and 使句子只有并列成分而缺少主句。B 结构正确，符合题意。C 倒装结构使用错误。D 缺少主语。参考译文：随着演讲和投票的方针在“罗伯特会议章程”上的建立，大型的决策机构避免程序上的混乱。15. Indigo is a vat color, _ called because it does not dissolve in water.(A) which it(B) it is(C) but(D) so答案：D分析:空格处应添过去分词called 的修饰词。A 主动语态错误并且谓语重复，排除。B 谓语重复。C but 后缺少主语。D 符合语义，结构完整。参考译文：靛青色是一种染缸的颜色，如此的称谓是因为它不溶于水。16 According to most psychological studies, body language expresses a speakers emotions and attitudes, and it also tends to affect the emotions and attitudes of the listen.答案：D分析：listen 为动词，这里应该用名词形式。改正：listen listener参考译文：大多数心理研究表明，肢体行为表达了说话者的情绪和态度，同时也可以影响听众的情绪和态度。17. The dachshund is a hardy, alert dog with a well sense of smell.答案：C分析：well 一般用作副词，不能修饰名词。改正：well good参考译文：德国猎犬是一种有着敏锐嗅觉、勇敢、警觉的狗。18. Quasars, faint celestial objects resembling stars, are perhaps the most distant objects know.答案：D分析：know 为动词，显然不能单独放在这里。可以加上主语和从句引导词使之变为定语从句，其中引导词可以省略。或者改为过去分词做后置定语。改正：know we(people) know/known参考译文：类星体是一种与恒星相似的昏暗天体，有可能使人们认识的最远的天体。19. The importance of environmental stimuli in the development of coordination between sensory input and motor response varies to species to species.答案：D分析：vary from to是固定用法改正：to from参考译文：环境刺激对感知和反应之间协调发展的重要性是随着物种的不同而不同的。20. A smile can be observed, described, and reliably identify, it can also be elicited and manipulatedunder experimental conditions.答案：B分析：考点是平行结构。三个过去分词应该平行。改正：identify identified参考译文：微笑可以被发现、描述并且可靠地被识别出来，在一定的实验条件下，它也可以被引出和控制。21. A musical genius, John Cage is noted for his highly unconventional ideas, and he respected for his unusual compositions and performances.答案：C分析：句中含有and，说明逗号前后为两个完整的句子。由句意可以看出respect 应该用作被动语态。改正：he respected he is respected参考译文：音乐天才John Cage 因超出传统的思想而闻名，同时也因非同寻常的作品和表演而受到人们尊敬。22. Chocolate is prepared by a complexity process of cleaning, blending and roasting cocoa beans, which must be ground and mixed with sugar.答案：A分析：complexity 是名词，这里应该为形容词形式修饰process改正：complexity complex参考译文：制作巧克力需要复杂的工序，包括对可可豆的清洗、混合以及烘烤，同时还需要研磨和与糖的混合。23. Several million points on