初中英语宾语从句详解.doc

宾语从句闯“五”关当一个名词从句用作宾语时，就叫宾从。 在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式等后面都可以带宾语从句。第一关：引导词展示关1.宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that 可省略，尤其是在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：I think (that) the computer will help us work out the problem.2.特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，由原来的连接代词、连接副词引导。如： Could you tell me where the post office is ?3.宾从由一般疑问句改变而来时，用连词whether或if 引导，两者都有“是否”的意思，通可以替换。由于它们在句中有一定的意义，虽只起连接作用，不能替代从句中的任何成分，但也不能省略，如：I want to know if / whether he will go to the park this afternoon.特别注意：宾从中引导词的选择是由从句的句子种类决定的。要注意在使用引导词时不能重叠或重复使用。第二关：语序应用关宾从的语序一定要用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语动词在后。特别注意：宾从的标点符号，取决于主句的句式，与从句无关。 若主句是陈述句，句末用句号，主句是疑问句，句末用问号。第三关：时态照应关使用宾从时，要注意从句时态与主句时态的呼应。1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去时的时候，从句也一定要用过去时的某一种（即一般过去时，过去进行时等过去时态），以保持时态的前后照应。如：He said that it was very cold in Moscow. He said that he had been to Beijing.2.主句是一般现在时的时候，从句可以用任何时态（看具体情况而定）I know that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow.I want to know when you were born.3.若宾从表示的是客观真理、自然现象等时，则无论主句用何种时态，从句的谓语动词都要用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.特别注意：以Could you tell me?/Would you tell me?开头的句子，在这里并不是表示过去时态，而是表示客气请求的结构，所以宾从不用过去时。第四关：否定转移关在 I . We think that 引导的宾语从句中，其后的宾语从句表示否定，其否定应转移到主句上，这称为“否定转移”I dont think (that) he will be able to come.特别提醒：这种否定前移的宾语从句变反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主、谓语要与从句保持一致。第五关：转换“变脸”关英语中一些动词如tell, know, ask, show, teach, find(out), forget等都 可以接“连接副词+不定式”结构，其意义相当于一个宾语从句。如：He didnt know where to find(=where he could find) his father.They forgot what they should do (=what to do)next.I dont know how to improve (= how I can improve) my English.特别提醒：用whether 不用if的情况1. 介词后。E.g. Im thinking about whether I have made another mistake.2. 宾语从句提前时。 E.g. Whether they can come here on time, we dont know.3. 与or not 连用 Whether or not it rains, hes going to Beijing tomorrow.4. 与不定式连用 I really dont know whether to accept or refuse.练习一、用方框内所给单词填空，每词只能用一次。Where, why, who, when, how, if, that, which, whether, whose1. Please let me know_ we have a school field trip.2. Mary cant remember_ she bought the book.3. Tonys parents hoped_ Tony could study English well this term.4. The teacher asked _ picture was the most beautiful in our class.5. Can you tell me _ you came to school late today?6. Do you know _film they saw yesterday evening?7. My uncle asked_ I would like to visit the Summer Palace with him.8. I didnt know_they were waiting for over there.9. Linda wants to know_ or not they can go camping on Sunday.10. Please show me _ you did the maths problem yesterday.二、1.Can you tell me_? She is in the computer lab. A. where Linda was B. where is Linda C. Where was Linda D. where Linda is 2.Could you please tell us _ in Shanghai?A.when will you visit the World Expo B.when you will visit the World ExpoC.when the World Expo will you visit D.when the World Expo you will visit3.- David, look at the man in white over there, Can you tell me_? -He is a doctor. A. who is he B. who he is C. what is he D. what he is 4.-Do you know_the Mp4 yesterday? -Sorry, Ive no idea about it.A. how much did he paid for B. how much he paid for C. he paid for how much D. he paid how much for三、将下列句子变为宾语从句。1.Sally asked,”who is calling?” Sally asked_ _ calling.2.I asked Tony, “Why are you so happy?” I asked Tony _ _ _ so happy.3.Miss Black asked, “Is she a student of our school.” Miss Black asked_ _ _ a student of our school.4.Lucy said,” The Earth goes around the Sun.” Lucy said _ the Earth _ around the Sun.5.Her classmates asked her, “Where are you from?” Her classmates asked her_ _ _ from.四、句型转换。1. Did you know? What does she like best?(合并为一句) Did you know _ she _ best?2.Can you tell me? Have you ever seen this film?( 同上) Can you tell me _ you _ ever seen this film?3.She doesnt know what she can do next.(改为简单句) She doesnt know _ _ _ next.4.I dont know where to go.(改为复合句) I dont know _ _ _ _.5.Tony didnt know which T-shirt he should choose.(改简单句) Tony didnt know _ _ _ _.6.They want to know when they will leave. (改简单句) They want to know _ _ _.7.He wants to know how he can learn English well. (改简单句) He wants to know _ _ _ English well.8.They wonder how to get to Beijing quickly.( 改为复合句) They wonder _ _ _ _ _ Beijing quickly.9.They didnt know where to find his father.= They didnt know _ _ _ _his father.10.They forgot what they should do next.=They forgot _ _ _next.五、用所给词的适当形式填空。1.He says he _(like) English. 2. He says his team _(score) a goal just now.3.He says his team_(score) 5 goals so far. 4.He tells me he_(wait) for me here tomorrow.5.He tells me he_(watch)TV now. 6.He said he_(study) English everyday.7.He said his team_(score) a goal. 8.He said his team_(score) 5 goals by then.9.He told me he _(watch)TV at that moment. 10.He told me he_(wait) for me the next day.11.He said he _(be) a teach