深圳初一英语上第二单元教案.doc

Grade 7 Chapter 2 Our Daily Life 语法解析1 expect的用法expect v. 意为期望，盼望，后跟名词、代词或动词不定式。hope，expect这两个词的词义和使用场合都有所不同。一）hope表示“希望”的意思；expect则是“等待”和“期望”。就词的使用而言，expect比hope是个较正式的用语。（二）一般说来，hope常出于没有把握、没有根据的个人希望或愿望；expect是出于有把握和根据的期望。（三）hope可作名词和动词；expect只能用作动词。下面先看hope的例句：I hope for a visit from MrLee though I have no word from him虽然我没有收到李先生的信，但是我仍然希望他来看我。The rain has continued for days and it is hoped that it will clear up in the next couple of days雨连续下了多天；希望以后数天会转晴。We hurried to the train station in the hope of meeting our old friend我们匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站。希望能见到我们的老友。在上面第一和第二个句子中，hope是动词；在第三句中，hope是名词。下面是expect的例句：I expect a visit from MrZhang since he has written me that he is coming张先生写了一封信给我，说他就要来，所以我在等他来。Torrential rain，squalls and wind were expected and the weather forecast warned that downpours would bring more flooding and landslides暴雨和狂风预期还会来。气象预报警告，大雨将会带来更多的大水泛滥及山泥倾泻。在美国口语里，expect可用以表示“料想”、“以为”之意。例如：I expect you met him in the meeting yesterday我以为你昨日在大会上已碰到他了。2 辨析look for, find, find out(1)look for “寻找”，强调“找”动作。I am looking for my pen.我在找钢笔。(2)find “找到”，“发现”，强调“找”的结果。I looked for it everywhere but I couldnt find it. 我到处找了可就是找不到它。(3)find out “查明真相，弄清缘由”，强调经过费时、周折、调查到最后得到认证的一种结果。At last the police found out who murdered the old woman.最后警方查明了是谁谋杀了老太太。3 辨析put on, be in, wear, dress, try outwear是“穿着”，“戴着”的意思，可用于穿衣、穿鞋、戴帽子，戴手套、佩戴首饰等，强调状态。 Idontwearglasses.我不戴眼镜。 puton指“戴上”，“穿上”，表示穿衣服的动作，其反义词是takeoff。一般不与表示一段时间的状语连用这个短语中的 on 是副词若用代词作宾语,则应将代词放在 put 和 on 之间例如:Putonyourcoat,itiscoldtoday.穿上外套吧，今天天气冷。 dress可作及物动词，有“穿着”，“打扮”的意思，但只用于穿衣，它既表示动作，又表状态,常用于下列结构：dresssb/oneself(给某人穿衣服)、dresswell和 bedressedin等 Shealwaysdresseswell.她总是打扮得很漂亮。 haveon是“穿着”的意思，指穿的状态，但haveon不用于进行时态。 Hehasabluecoaton.(=Heswearingabluecoat.)他穿着一件蓝衣服。 bein+表示颜色或衣服的词是系表结构，强调“穿着”“戴着”的状态,后面多接颜色 Thegirlinredismysister. 穿着红色衣服的女孩是我的妹妹 tryon表示试穿衣,帽,鞋等 MayItryontheyellowjacket. 我可以试穿这件黄茄克吗?练习 用 dress, put on, wear, try on 或 (be)in 填空 At last a gentleman_ black came forward. The cheats pretended to_ him in his new clothes. _ yourself quickly, or youll be late. Joan_ a yellow dress now. Why dont you_ your coat? Its so cold outside. Please_ the raincoat. It is raining heavily. I_ those shoes, but I didnt think they fit me. 4. 辨析sometime, sometimes, some time,some timessometime也是一个副词，意为“在某一时候（过去或将来）”，表示的是任何时候或某一不确定的时间，对它提问用when。如： New students will come to school sometime next week下周某个时候新同学就要到校上学了。 When can you finish the work？你何时能完成这项工作。 Sometime next month下个月某个时候。sometimes是个频度副词，意为“有时候”，多用于一般现在时，对它进行提问常用how often。如： Sometimes I watch TV with my parents有时我和父母一起看电视。 How often do you write to your father？你多久给你父亲写一次信？ Sometimes有时。 some time也是名词短语，意为“一段时间”，time是不可数名词，对它提问用how long。如： She will stay in Beijing for some time她将在北京呆一段时间。 How long can I be away？我能离开多久？ Some time一段时间。some times是名词短语，意为“几次（倍）”，time是可数名词。对它提问用how many times。如： How many times do you watch TV every week？你每周看几次电视？ Some times好几次。 5. enjoy的用法1. 表示“喜欢”“享受”等，其后可接动名词作宾语，但不能是不定式。如：小孩子喜欢读故事。误：Children enjoy to read stories. 正：Children enjoy reading stories. 2. 其后接反身代词，表示“过得愉快”，与 have a good time同义。如：He enjoyed himself at the party. 他在晚会上玩得很开心。I hope you enjoy yourself this evening. 我希望你今晚过得愉快。3. enjoy 一般只用作及物动词，所以在通常情况下其后不能没有宾语。如：A：Did you enjoy the film? 你喜欢这部电影吗?B：Yes, I enjoyed it a lot. 是的，很喜欢。注意：上面答句中的代词 it 不能省略。同样，下面一句的代词 it 也不可省略(注：其后的 when 从句为状语从句而非宾语从句)。如：She enjoyed it when he kissed her. 她很喜欢他吻她。enjoy 后不接宾语的唯一例外可能是：在美国口语中，有时单独用 Enjoy! 来表示请对方好好享用。如：Heres your steak enjoy! 这是你的牛排，好好享用吧。6. during的用法prep. 在.的整个期间 Dont speak during the meal. 吃饭时别说话。 注意：如果谓语动词侧重于动作或状态的延续时，习惯用during; 如果表示某一行为发生在一段时间中的某一时间点时，习惯用in.eg. We learned a lot during our stay in the countryside. 在农村待的那段时间里，我们学会了很多东西。His father was born in 1964. 他父亲出生于1964年。 表示对比或强调时，多用in，而一般不用during. eg. The scientist visited Africa in 1982, not in 1985.表示一段时间的名词，如holiday, stay, childhood等，习惯用during,而不用in.eg. I think that maybe our teacher will give us a lot of homework to do during the holiday. 我想这个假期里，或许我们的老师会给我们留许多作业做。7. 辨析job与work1. work和job指“职业”时，没什么区别Whats your job? She lost her job. Whats your work? She lost her work.2.job指“活、事、一份工作”时是可数名词，work指“活、劳动、工作”时是不可数名词You will get a job in a bank.It takes a lot of work to build a house.3. works 表示“工厂、著作”此时单复数相同a gas works 煤气厂Shakespeares works 莎士比亚的著作4. 顺便记住几个习惯表达吧a good job一件好事 lose ones job失业 be out of a job失业 do a good job干的不错 at work在工作 work hard at努力工作（或学习）8. 辨析always, usually, often与sometimes频度副词是副词的一种,在初中阶段常用的有四个,即always,usually,often,sometimes。现将它们的用法归纳如下: 一、频度副词在句中的位置。 频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前。如: 1.Sheisoftenlateforschool.她上学经常迟到。 2.Heusuallygoestobedatabout12.他通常(午夜)十二点钟睡觉。 3.Whendoyouusuallygetupinthemorning?早上你通常什么时候起床？ sometimes是个特殊的频度副词,既可以放在be动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前,也可以放在句首,还可以放在句尾。如: 1.Isometimesthinkthatitisagreatmistake.我有时想这是一个大错。 2.SometimesIhelpmymotherinthehouse.有时候我帮助妈妈做家务。 often可以放在句中,也可放在句尾,习惯上不放在句首。如: Wehavebeentherequiteoften.我们经常到那儿去。 这些频度副词的位置与句中谓语动词有无助动词有关。句中没有助动词时,副词置于动词be之后,其它动词之前。 二、表示频度方面的区别。 always是频度最大的词,意为总是；永远。如: Ishallalwaysremembermyfirstdayatschool.我将永远记住我上学的第一天。 usually意为通常,即很少例外,频度仅次于always。如: Whatdoyouusuallyhaveforbreakfast?你通常早餐吃什么？ often意为经常,在频度上不如usually那么频繁。如: LiPingoftendoeshishomeworkintheafternoon.李平经常在下午做作业。 sometimes意为有时候,频度比often小,表示动作偶尔发生,间断较大。如: 1.Isometimesgotothelibrary.我有时去图书馆。 2.SometimesIreadabookintheevening.我有时在晚上看书。 三、频度副词与not连用时,表示部分否定；对频度副词进行提问时,要用howoften。如: 1.Agreatscholarisnotalwaysaverywiseman.大学者未必一定是极聪明的人。 2.Wegotothecinemasometimes.(对划线部分提问) Howoftendoyougotothecinema?less than often, more than seldom比经常少，比很少多（少于；多用）9. 辨析become, be, get, grow这几个词用作连系动词时，都可以表示“变成”的意思，但具体用法有所不同。 become通常不用来表示未来的事，而表示变化过程已经完成，用法比较正式。如：I became ill我病倒了。get也表示变化的过程已经完成，比become口语化，通常与形容词连用。如：He has got rich他变富了。go与get用法差不多，特别用于某些成语中。如：go bad变坏，go blind变瞎，go hungry挨饿。be表示“成为”的意思时，多用于将来时、祈使语气或不定式。如：He will be a scientist他将成为一名科学家。I would like to be a bus-driver我想成为一名公共汽车司机。grow表示“逐渐变成新的状态”的含义。如：My younger brother is growing tall我的弟弟渐渐长高了。turn有“成为与以前完全不同的东西”的含义。如：The milk turned sour牛奶变酸了。10. 辨析have, eat, drink, takeEat, drink, have, take均表示“吃，喝”之意，但它们的用法不同。1 eat 意为“吃”或“喝”，但作“喝”时，通常用于喝汤、奶之类；且eat的宾语是具体的事物，并强调“吃”这个动作。Eg. Do you like to eat soup? 你喜欢喝汤吗？drink习惯上用于“喝”水、 茶、奶、咖啡等饮料，一般不作“吃”讲。2 have 可以代替eat和drink意为“吃，喝”。在英国多用have代替drink, 但在美国多用have 代替eat. 当与meal, dinner及三餐名词连用时，多用have, 而不用其他词。3 take 意为“服用，吃， 喝”，比eat更少见，主要用于“服药”。Take the pills after meals. 饭后服药。11. 辨析everyday与every day every day ：指每一天everyday每日的、日常的、平常的，普通的，并不是强调每天，强调日常例：everyday life ：日常生活 everyday English : 日常用英语12. 辨析glass与cupglass一般指玻璃制成的杯子，用于喝水、饮酒等。此外，glass作可数名词时，还有“眼镜”之意；作不可数名词时，意为“玻璃”。 cup一般指用玻璃以外的原料制成的杯子。它体积小，且常有手柄，多用来喝可乐、咖啡、茶等。还可以指奖杯，如world cup世界杯13. 辨析beautiful, pretty, good looking与handsome一、beautiful的用法beautiful 表示“美”，可用于人或事物。用于人时，通常只用于形容女性或小孩，一般不用于男性。它表示的“美”主要指能“给感官以极大的快乐(giving great pleasure to the senses)”，它侧重从客观上表明一种接近理想状态的美，语气很强。如：Its a beautiful village. 那是个美丽的村庄。She is a beautiful girl. 她是个美丽的女孩。The film star is really beautiful. 这位电影明星的确很美。二、pretty的用法pretty 主要表示“漂亮”、“俊俏”、“标致”等义，可用于人(主要是女性和小孩)或事物，语气比 beautiful 弱。它往往侧重从主观上评述某人或某物，含有“可爱”或“讨人喜欢”之意。如：What a pretty dress! 多漂亮的连衣裙啊!They have a pretty daughter. 他们有个漂亮的女儿。She is not really beautiful, but she looks pretty when she smiles. 她其实长得并不美，但笑起来很好看。注：偶尔用于男性，但通常带有贬义。三、good-looking的用法good-looking 意为“好看的”，主要用于人(男人、女人或小孩)，不常用于事物。如：He (She) is good-looking. 他(她)长得很帅(漂亮)。有时用于事物，但不多见。如：He has a good-looking car (horse). 他有一辆(匹)好看的汽车(马)。四、handsome的用法handsome 意为“英俊的”，主要用于男性，但有时也用于女性(一般只用于成年女性，不用于少女)，意为“体态健美的”、“端庄稳重的”。如：He is a handsome young man. 他是一个英俊的年轻人。Do you discribe her as beautiful or handsome? 你是说她貌美还是说她健美?有时可用于事物，但不多见。如：Its a handsome building. 那是栋漂亮的建筑。14. some与any的用法 some意为“一些”，可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词复数。如：some books一些书，some boys一些男孩，也可修饰不可数名词，如：some water一些水，some tea一些茶叶，some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”，它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，常用于疑问句和否定句。some用于肯定陈述及委婉请求, any用于否定句及一般疑问句。I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。 I cant see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? I have some English books, they are my best friends. 我有英语书，它们是我最好的朋友。 但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? 15. own的用法adj.自己的I saw the whole accident with my own eyes.我亲眼看到这次事故的全过程。vt. 1. 有,拥有He owns three cars.他有三辆汽车。2. 承认+(that)She owned that she had neglected her duty.她承认自己玩忽职守。注：“ones + own +名词”和“名词 + of ones own”这两种结构都强调“属于自己的”。前者如不加强语气可省去own, 但后者不能省略own.He has his(own)room.=He has a room of his own.他拥有自己的房间。针对练习一一单项选择。1. Kate is an apple now.A. to eat B. having C. eating2. They are in the river now.A. swim B. swimming C. swimming3. The twins in a boat.A. are sitting B. is sitting C. are siting4. Thank you for some things to me.A. bring B. is bringing C. bringing5. Listen! The girl in red .A.sings B. is singing C. are singing6. I the blackboard, but I cant the word on it. A. look at; see B. see; look at C. look; look at7. “Molly, supper is ready.” “Well, Mom, I . “A. come B. am coming C. comes8. Ill write to you when I Paris. A. return to B. get C. arrive9. My teacher is me outside. I must go out now.A. wait B. waiting for C. waiting10. The dog is under the tree. A. lies B. lieing C. lying二句型转换。11. The students are singing in the classroom. (对划线部分提问) the students in the classroom?12. They are reading book. (改为否定句)They books.13. The farmers are working over there. (改为一般疑问句) the farmers over there?14. The woman is working there. (对划线部分提问) the women working?15. Mr Gao is marking the bed. (对划线部分提问) marking the bed?三用所给动词的适当形式填空。16. (open) your book on Page 88.17. We would like (drink) three bottles of orange.18. Can they (play) tennis?19. Look! They (play) computer games.20. he (mend) the bike? Yes, he is.针对练习二一 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1 He often_(do) his homework in the evening.2 It is nine oclock. They are_(watch)TV at home.3 Peter goes back to New Yew_(two) a year.4 Lets go_(shop) in the supermarket after work.5 Most_(read) like this book.6 He_(go) to New York on vacation every year.7 My parents often teach me how_(do) some housework.8 We_(learn) English for three years.9 Which city have you_(visit)?10 They_(teach) us Japanese next year.二 从方框中选择适当的句子补全对话。A: Hello! Ann.B: Hello! Kitty.A: The weekend is coming._.B: I often go to the movies with my friends.A: _.B: Well, we like action movies.A: I like Chinese action movies and_.B: Do you often go to the movies?A: No, _. And I look at the pictures of Beijing Opera.B: My friend Kevin likes Beijing Opera, too._.A: He wants to be a Beijing Opera artist.B: What do you often do on weekends?C: I like Beijing Opera too.D: What kind of movies do you like?E. I often stay at home.三 完形填空。There is a _1_called John Brown. _2_ people all him “Mr Going to do.” Do you know_3_? Please read on. Mr Brown always says he is going to do something, but he does_4_. Every Saturday Mr Brown_5_to Mr Smiths back door and_6_to him, “I am going to clean my house today, _7_I am going to wash my car tomorrow.” Mr Smith usually says, “Are you , John?” he knows Mr Brown is_8_ going to clean his house, or wash his car. Then he says, “Well, excuse me, John. I am going to do some work in the house.” And he _9_. Mr Smith often says to his son, “Are you going to do something? Then do it. Dont be_10_Mr Going-to-do!”1. A. girl B. woman C. man D. baby2. A. But B. And C. Or D. then3. A. what B. why C. where D. when4. A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing5. A. go B. goes C. going D. is going6. A. say B. says C. saying D. is saying7. A. and B. but C. so D. as8. A. no B. not C. not any D. /9. A. do B. are C. does D. is10. A