英语笔记第一章.doc

Unit 1一、 单词1.carve vt. 雕刻；雕刻成2.finding n. 【常用复数】正式调查（或研究）结果（如研究表明）3.compose vt. 创作（音乐；歌剧；诗等）4.endow vt. 给予；赋予 To be born with 与生俱来（所带来的影响可以是好的也可以是不好的）Be endowed with 给予（所带来的影响是好的）e.g she is endowed with intelligent and beauty. The child was born with the disease.5.cite vt. 引用；引证；举出6.thrust vt. （用力）推；强使7.evacuate v. 撤退；撤出；车里（某处）8. artillery n. 火炮；大炮；炮兵部队9.morale n. 士气；精神状态10.boldness n. 勇敢；无畏 bold a. 勇敢的；无畏的；敢作敢为的11.contemporary n. 同代人；（几乎）同年龄的人12.poetry n. 总称诗13.Submit vt. 提交；呈递二、 生词1.Complex D.J.kmpleks K.K.kmplks, kmplks adj.(1) 由许多部分组成的, 复合的e.g This is a complex sentence.这是个复合句。(2)复杂的, 难懂的e.g He had not a particularly complex mind.他的头脑并不十分复杂。What he said was too complex for me to understand.他说的太复杂了, 我无法了解。n. (1)综合体, 集合体e.g This is a complex of new building.这是新建筑群。(2)心情结, 夸大的情绪反应e.g I am developing a guilt complex about it.我对此事有一种负罪感。 扩展：complex quantity 复数,复量2. persistence D.J.psstns, -zs- K.K.psstns, -zs- n.（1）坚持不懈;执意;持续;留存The persistence of a cough in his daughter puzzled him.他女儿持续的咳嗽把他难住了。By sheer persistence, I eventually got her to change her mind.我全凭坚持不懈最终使她改变了主意。He achieved success through dogged persistence.他靠着坚持不懈取得了成功。（2）继续存在 3. field D.J.fi:ld K.K.fild n.（1）田, 地, 牧场They are working in the field.他们正在地里干活。（2）(作某种用途的)场地, 场所Youll find Billy on the football field.在足球场上能找到比利。He didnt want to lose his life inon the battle field.他不想在战场上送命。（3）(矿物的)产地Capital construction is under way at several gas fields.几个天然气田正在进行基本建设。（4）(学习或研究的)领域What are his main fields of interest?他感兴趣的主要领域是什么?4.observation D.J.bz:vein K.K.bzven n.（1）注意; 观察The new breed is under observation.新品种正在观察中。（2）观察力She is a student of keen observation.她是一个观察力敏锐的学生。（3）言论, 评论, 意见He made valuable observations on the prices.他对物价问题提出了宝贵的意见。（4）观察资料, 观察数据Hes just published observations on Japanese bird life.他刚刚发表了关于日本鸟类生活的观察资料。5. relevant D.J.relvnt K.K.rlvnt adj. 有关的, 切题的Museums should have a more involved or relevant public role.博物馆应起到进一步介入公众生活或更加举足轻重的社会作用。This point is really relevant and we had better move on.这一点至关重要, 我们还是接着谈吧。These materials are relevant to the case.这些材料与这案件有关。Her appearance is not relevant to whether she can be a good teacher.她的长相跟她能否当个好老师无关。I dont think his remarks are relevant to our discussion.我认为他的话不切我们的议题。6. response D.J.rispns K.K.rspns n. （1）回答; 回音; 答复She has received a response from that college to her application.她已经收到那所大学对她申请的答复。（2）反应, 响应There has been very little response to our call for help.我们求助的号召没有多少响应。7. enduring D.J.indjuri K.K.ndr, -djr- adj.持久的,不朽的8. religion D.J.rilidn K.K.rldn n. （1）宗教, 宗教信仰There are many religions in the world.在世界上有许多种宗教。He married outside his religion.他和不同宗教信仰的人结了婚。（2）支配自己生活的大事9. various D.J.vris K.K.vris, vr- adj.（1）各种不同的, 各种各样的The subject may be viewed in various ways.这问题可以从不同的方面加以考虑。The products we sell are many and various.我们出售的产品是各式各样的。（2）一些, 若干There are various ways to solve the problem.解决这个问题有许多种方法10. spectacular D.J.spektkjul K.K.spktkjl adj. 壮观的, 雄伟的, 引人入胜的This is a spectacular film.这是一部场面壮观的电影。The ceremonial opening of the exhibition was very spectacular.展览会的开幕式非常壮观。扩展：unspectacular adj. 不引人注意的11. compromise D.J.kmprmaiz K.K.kmprmaz n. 妥协, 折中方法The spokesman made it clear that no compromise was yet in sight.发言人表明, 目前还不会妥协。vi. 折中解决They compromised by going to the cinema.他们采取折中的办法去看电影。vt. 连累, 危害, 损害Such conduct will compromise your reputation.这些举动将会损害你的名誉。扩展：uncompromising D.J.nkmprmaz K.K.nkmprmaz adj. 不妥协的；坚定的He was an uncompromising opponent of the World War .他是第一次世界大战的坚决反对者。12. criterion D.J.kraitirin K.K.kratrin n. (批评、判断等的)标准, 准则What criteria do you use when judging the quality of a students work?你评定学生功课好坏时用什么作标准? criteria (criterion的复数)D.J.kratr K.K.kratr 13. recognized adj.公认的,经过验证的unrecognized nreknaizd adj. 未被承认的14. achievers 成功人士15. tremendous D.J.trimends K.K.trmnds adj. （1）极大的, 巨大的There is a tremendous difference between them.他们之间有着极大的差别。The response to our appeal was tremendous.对我们呼吁的反应极大。（2）绝妙的, 极棒的We went to a tremendous party last night.昨晚我们参加了一个极棒的晚会。I think youre tremendous.我认为你真了不起。16. obstacle D.J.bstkl K.K.bstkl n. 障碍(物), 妨碍She felt that her family was an obstacle to her work.她感到她的家庭妨碍她的工作。17. frustration D.J.frstren K.K.frstren n. 挫折；失败；挫败；失意；沮丧crying out of bitter frustration 愤懑沮丧得大喊Anna was almost crying with frustration.安娜沮丧得几乎要哭了。He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。Her words made his heart burn with frustration.她那些话使他极端灰心丧气。He took his pent up frustration out on his family.他把因挫败而郁积的怒气发泄在家人身上。He vented his frustration on his wife.他受到挫折却把气发泄到妻子身上。18. contemporary D.J.kntemprri K.K.kntmprri adj.当代的；同时代的, 同属一个时期的The telephone and the gramophone were contemporary.电话和留声机是同一时代的产物。Shakespeare was not contemporary with Dickens.莎士比亚与狄更斯不是同时代的人。n. 同代人, 同龄人John is a contemporary of mine.约翰与我同龄。19. military D.J.militri K.K.mltri adj. 军事的, 军用的; 军人的My sister works in a military hospital.我姐姐在一家部队医院工作。His bearing was very military.他很有军人气概。n. 军人; 军队, 武装力量As the police could not keep order in the city, the military were called in to help.由于警察无法维持城里的秩序, 所以军队被召去加以协助。The military has controlled the government.军人已经控制政府。20. motivation D.J.mtven K.K.motven n. 动力;动机;诱因the motivation behind someones achievement 某人成功的动力The motivation for the decision is the desire to improve our service to our customers.做这决定的原因是为了改善我们对顾客的服务。motivational adj. 动机的,动力的三、 句型1.make history 创造历史2.carve a place for onself in history 史上留名3.stand out from their contemporaries 在同龄人中突出；脱颖而出4.go down in history 载入史册5.rise aboveRise above vulgar interests 脱离低级趣味Truth always rise above falsehood, as oil rise above water. 油脂水面浮，真理胜谬误。Rise above the ordinary level 超出一般水平Surely we can rise above every difficulty. 我们一定能够排除万难。I rise above abasement at the word. 听着这话，我要从羞愧中站起。Truth will rise above falsehood as oil above water. 真理从谬误中升起来，就像油浮在水面上一样。He managed to rise above the problem facing him. 他设法克服了他面临的困境。In my hometown temperatures in winter never rise above zero. 冬天时，我家乡的气温向来都在零度以下。Salisbury Crags rise above the city of Edinburgh. 索尔兹伯里悬崖俯瞰爱丁堡的市区。I think you have rise above lying to your mother. 我以为你已经克服了对你母亲说谎的毛病了。6.set sb apart 把某人与.区别开；与众不同7.rise above 出类拔萃8.lasting contribution 持久的贡献9.great figures 伟大的人物10.（sb）be left behind 被某人超越11.leave sb/sth behind 把某人/某是留在后面12.never surrender 永不放弃13.Timing is another factor 时机也是另一个因素14.come up with 提出来15.apply .to .把.应用于.16.put up with 容忍；忍受17.have （sth.，nothing，a lot，etc）to do sth./sb 与某事/某人有（一些、毫无、很大）关系18.focus on 集中于；着重于19.come out of 从中获得；从中发展而来20.build upon 把建立在.上21.take charge 掌管；负责22.go/get nowhere 不能成功；无进展23. put in (1)(使)在内; 把放于中He put his head in at the window.他从窗口把头伸进来。Put sugar in coffee, please.请把糖放在咖啡里。(2)打断, 插嘴“Dont forget us, ” she put in.“别忘记我们。”她插进来说。The teacher always puts in a good word for his former pupils.那个老师总是为他以前教过的学生说句好话。While they were discussing the car accident, Frank put in that the road was icy.当他们讨论这起车祸时, 弗兰克插嘴说路上覆盖着冰。(3)做, 履行She always puts in an hours reading before breakfast.早饭前她总是读一小时书。(4)选举执政; 任命He put in a caretaker.他任命了一个管理员。The candidate was put in by a majority of one thousand.这个候选人以一千票的多数当选。(5)在上花费Ive put a lot of work in improving my English.我下了很大的工夫进修英文。(6)使处于某种状态His study is in chaos; it takes long time to put his papers in order.他的书房一片狼藉, 整理好他的文件要花好长时间。The surprise attack put me in a fix.这次突然袭击使我处于困境。All goods should be put in order on the shelf before the supermarket opens.超级市场开门前, 所有的货物都必须整齐地排列在货架上。四、vocabulary1.acknowledge D.J.knlid K.K.knld vt. （1）承认, 供认He grudgingly acknowledged having made a mistake.他勉强承认他做错了。I acknowledged him as an authority.我视他为专家。（2）告知已收到We must acknowledge his letter.我们应当告诉他信收到了。（3）鸣谢, 感谢They wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the police in the making of this film.他们希望鸣谢警方在拍摄此片中所给予的帮助。2.characteristic D.J.kriktristikK.K.krktrstk adj.特有的, 典型的n.特点3.chat vi.&n. 聊天, 闲谈4. cite vt. 引用；引证；举出5. contemporary n. 同代人；（几乎）同年龄的人6. contribution n.捐助物, 贡献；捐款This is Chekhovs contribution to Russian literature.这是契诃夫对俄罗斯文学的贡献。All contributions, however small, will be greatly appreciated.所有捐献, 不论数量多少, 我们都将非常感谢。7. criteria (criterion的复数)D.J.kratr K.K.kratr n.(批评、判断等的)标准, 准则8. despite prep. 不管, 尽管D.J.dispait K.K.dspat Despite the fact that she is short, she is an excellent basketball player.尽管她个子矮, 却是个出色的篮球运动员。9. influential D.J.nfluenl K.K.nflunl adj.有影响的, 有权势的He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。The fact is influential in reaching a decision.这一因素对做出决定是有影响的。10.innate adj.天生的11. intrinsic D.J.intrinsik K.K.ntrnzk, -sk adj.固有的, 内在的, 本质的The intrinsic worth of the pen is 30 yuan.这支钢笔本身价值是30元。The character is intr