历史文化应该被保护还是被开方发1.doc

辩论题：历史文化遗产应该以保护为主还是开发为主？历史文化遗产应该以保护为主。（我个人本身也是这样认为的）历史文化遗产，能叫历史文化遗产的就是古代的东西，是祖先们留给我们的，是经历了几百上千年而至今仍在的东西，是没有备份，独一无二的。正是这独特性和唯一性决定了历史文化遗产应该以保护为主。秦兵马俑，现今建了个博物馆来保护，而且开发成旅游景点，可谓保护和开发拿捏得最好的范例。可秦兵马俑原本身上是有颜色的，但一出土就急速氧化了，变成现在的土灰色一片，因而秦兵马俑的四号坑是还没有开掘的，一号坑也有一些仍复埋在土里的，这些都是出于对文物的保护为主。如果是开发为主，秦兵马俑博物馆大可全部开挖出来，甚至还有可能挖出些什么宝贝呢。现在我们的文物保护技术仍未成熟，兵马俑身上颜色没能保住。古代的绢或锦，一出土就退色，变脆，也没能保住。明定陵在国家主持下开发，但神宗的遗骨、寿衣等，也没能保住。莫高窟的壁画，风化和退色严重，还是没能保住。还有其他很多很多，这都说明了对于历史文化遗产应该以保护为主。因为这些东西万一保护不好而变质了，就永远修复不了，也没法找第二份来代替了。这就是历史文化遗产的独特性和唯一性。也是由于秦兵马俑和明定陵的教训，才使国家曾下令严禁开挖所有皇陵（否则唐乾陵早就挖了，为了兰亭序这旷世国宝也值得挖了。始皇帝骊山陵也是）。故宫也是由于类似的原因而要不断修复。否则接待游客那么多，故宫不修复早就残了。历史文化遗产应该以保护为主，不是不开发。而是要以保护为主，开发为辅。（我认为）可以对实物性的历史文化遗产实施限人限时地开放参观，西藏布达拉宫就是这样的。甚至可以不对外开放，只对学者和有心人开放，不对普通游客开放，天一阁就是这样的。如果开放给普通游客的，就要学习秦兵马俑博物馆的模式，边开放边修复，边保护边开发。各地的历史文化遗产可以结合自己自身的情况来选择适合自身的保护方式。同时，国家要承担对历史文化遗产保护的主要资金投入（以国家现在的能力应该可以做到），不能让历史文化遗产成为盈利的地方，不能让历史文化遗产功利化和铜臭化，要还原历史文化遗产本身的历史文化价值。如果说破题立论，应该是：历史文化遗产本身的独特性和唯一性技术还不成熟，不能随便乱开发（反对开发为主）要结合实际，以保护为主，开发为辅。具体例子阁下还可以找得更多。不过要切记，是以保护为主，开发为辅，不是一刀切不要开发。你这辩题比反方的好辩得多了，也是现实政府提倡的做法。各级政府、各有关部门要坚持“保护为主、抢救第一”的方针和“有效保护、合理利用、加强管理”的原则，切实担负起保护好民族历史文化遗产的责任。要遵循文物保护的客观规律，依法加强各项保护和利用工作。要正确处理经济建设和依托文物发展的其他事业与文物保护的关系，不管如何开发利用，都要依法进行，都要以有利于保护为前提。重大的文物利用项目和活动，事先必须对其科学性和合法性进行充分的研究论证，并依法履行报批手续，防止过度和无序开发对文物造成的人为破坏。Debate on a problem: the historical and cultural heritage should be given priority to in order to protect or development?Historical and cultural heritage should be given priority to in order to protect. ( I myself think so )Historical and cultural heritage, can be called the Heritage is the ancient things, are the ancestors left us, is for hundreds of thousands of years and still things, there is no backup, the one and only. It is the uniqueness and uniqueness decided historical and cultural heritage should be given priority to in order to protect.The Terracotta Army, now built a museum to protect, and developed into a tourist attraction, is the protection and development to do the best example. But Qin Terracotta Army originally body there is a color, but the rapid oxidation of unearthed, now become the gray one, thus the Qin Terracotta Army pit four is also not dig a pit, there are also some still complex buried in the soil, these are for the protection of cultural relics mainly. If development is given priority to, Qin Terracotta Army museum can be fully excavated, and even likely to dig out what your baby.Now our cultural relics protection technology is still immature, Terracotta Army body color cant keep. The ancient silk or brocade unearthed, a fade, crisp, also failed to keep. Ming Dingling in countries under the auspices of the development, but God in bones, shroud, could not save. The Mogao Grottoes fresco, weathering and fading badly, still cant keep. There, it is illustrated for the historical and cultural heritage should be given priority to in order to protect. Because of these things if not good and bad protection, will not repair, could not find second instead of. This is the historical and cultural heritage of the uniqueness and uniqueness.As Terracotta Army of Qin Dynasty and Ming Dingling lesson, that national had ordered all the forbidden excavation ( or Tang Qian Mausoleum had to dig in, in order to Lanting Pavilion the national treasure is a sequence of dig. The first emperor mausoleum is also Li ). The Imperial Palace is also for similar reasons and to constantly repair. Otherwise the tourists so much, the Imperial Palace not to repair the early damage.Historical and cultural heritage should be given priority to in order to protect, not development. But to protect, development of secondary.( I think ) of objects of historical and cultural heritage the implementation limits one time open to visitors, Tibet Potala Palace is such. Can not open, only to scholars and people open, not ordinary visitors, Tianyi Pavilion is such. If open to tourists, to learn the Qin Terracotta Army Museum mode, opening up while repair, side edge protection development. Throughout the history of cultural heritage can be combined with their own situation to choose suitable for their own protection.At the same time, countries have to bear on the protection of historical and cultural heritage of the main capital investment (in the country now ability should do), cannot let the history cultural heritage has become a profitable place, cannot let the historical and cultural heritage of utilitarianism and money, to restore the history cultural heritage is the historical and cultural value.If the first argument, should be: Heritage own uniqueness and uniqueness - technology is still not mature, not indiscriminate development (as opposed to development oriented ) - should be combined with practical, in order to protect, development of secondary.Specific examples, you can also find more. But remember, it to protect, development of secondary , not make it rigidly uniform not development. You this motion than the argumentative much, but also a realistic government advocated approach.Governments at all levels, departments concerned should adhere to the principle of priority of protection, rescue first principle and effective protection, rational utilization, strengthening management principle, cogent bear a good protection of national historical and cultural heritage of responsibility. To follow the objective laws of protection of cultural relics, in accordance with the law to strengthen the protection and utilization. To properly handle economic construction and relying on cultural development of other careers and cultural relics protection, regardless of how the development and utilization, are in accordance with the law, to be conducive to the protection as the premise. Major projects of exploitation of cultural relics and activity, must the scientific validity and make sufficient research and demonstration, and in accordance with the law to fulfill the formalities, prevent excessive and disorderly development of artifacts caused by man-made damage蔡秋芳强调，要继续严厉打击各种文物违法犯罪活动。各有关部门特别是文化、文物、公安、工商、海关等有关部门要通力合作，继续严厉打击盗掘、盗窃和走私文物的违法犯罪活动，使珍贵文化遗产在我们这一代手中传留下去。忘记过去意味着背叛。历史文化遗产是古人留给我们最宝贵的东西，可能是整个时代的精华，它证明了古代发展的文明程度。历史文化遗产能从一些方面反映当时整个时代的思想意识和精神风貌，当中蕴藏着无穷的智慧和精神的力量。重视它，就是要重视意识的作用，意识可以能动地作用于物质，即可以帮助我们能动的改造社会，创造更大的社会物质财富和精神财富。社会的发展无碍于物质财富和精神财富的积累，所以保护历史文化遗产能帮助我们发展社会。Cai Qiufang emphasizes, want to continue to crack down on all kinds of cultural relics crime. All relevant departments especially the culture, heritage, public security, industry and commerce, the customs and other relevant departments should act with united strength, continue severe blow robbing, theft and smuggling of cultural relics of illegal and criminal activities, the precious cultural heritage in this generation hand pass stay.Forgetting the past means betrayal. Historical and cultural heritage is the ancients left us the most precious thing, may be the essence of the time, it is proved that the development of the civilization of ancient.Historical and cultural heritage from some aspects to reflect the whole era of ideology and spirit, which contains infinite wisdom and strength of spirit. Attach importance to it, is to take the role of consciousness, consciousness can be active action in the material, which can help us to dynamic transformation of the society, to create greater social material wealth and spiritual wealth. The development of the society without prejudice to material wealth and spiritual wealth accumulation, so the protection of historical and cultural heritage can help us develop our society.历史文化遗产也能反映当时社会的文明发展程度。了解历史文化可以增强人们的民族自豪感和民族文化认同感。有利于凝结社会文化力量，大力提高国家的文化文明，同时对于国家的下一代人才来说也是有极大意义的。但我们也要辨证地看待这个问题，保护历史文化遗产有好的，也有不好的。对于不好的历史文化遗产，我们应该屏弃；对于好的，我们应该大力保护。同时保护历史文化遗产需要耗费大量的社会财富和力量，国家的能力是有限的，作为国家人民的我们也应该尽自己的最大能力去保护历史文化遗产。中国文化中的诗词，联对，灯谜等等绝对应该保护；不过像裹脚这一类恐怕就不能保护了。历史文化遗产这些东西，失去就不会回来了，留给后人我们当然要保护起来了！历史文化遗产是证明古代发展的文明程度，能让后人更好的研究古代历史，更能让人清楚地知道当时的文化发展程度，所以保护历史文化遗产也能让我们的后代看到当年先祖的辉煌,以利于今后的科研。【根据保护世界文化和自然遗产公约的规定，属于以下各类内容之一者，可列为文化遗产】：1、 文物：从历史、艺术或科学角度看，具有突出、普遍价值的建筑物、雕刻和绘画，具有考古意义的成分或结构，铭文、洞穴、住区及各类文物的综合体；2、 建筑群：从历史、艺术或科学角度看，因其建筑的形式、同一性及其在景观中的地位，具有突出、普遍价值的单独或相互联系的建筑群；3、 遗址：从历史、美学、人种学或人类学角度看，具有突出、普遍价值的人造工程或人与自然的共同杰作以及考古遗址地带。 Historical and cultural heritage but also can reflect the social civilization degree of development. The history and the culture can enhance peoples sense of national pride and national cultural identity. To condense social and cultural forces, vigorously improve the national culture and civilization, and for the countrys next generation of talent is of great significance.But we should dialectically treat this problem, the protection of historical and cultural heritage are good, and bad. For the good of historical and cultural heritage, we should reject; for good, we should vigorously protect. At the same time, the protection of historical and cultural heritage needs to consume a large amount of social wealth and power, the capacity is limited, as the country the people we should also do its utmost to protect the historical and cultural heritage.Chinese culture of poetry, in conjunction, riddles written on lanterns and so on should definitely protection; but as early as this class may not protect.Historical and cultural heritage of these things, be gone back to posterity, of course we should protect it!Historical and cultural heritage is to prove the ancient civilization of the development, can make people better to study ancient history, more people can clearly know the culture development, so the protection of historical and cultural heritage, also can let our children see their brilliant, in order to facilitate future research. according to the protection of the world cultural and Natural Heritage Convention provisions, which belongs to one of the following types of contents, can be classified as cultural heritage : 1, cultural relics : from history, art or science perspective, with outstanding universal value, building, sculpture and painting, with archeological composition or structure, inscriptions, cave, settlements and various relics of the complex;2, building group: from historical, artistic or scientific perspective, due to its architectural form, the same sex and in the landscape in the position, having outstanding universal value, separate or interconnected buildings;In 3, the site : from history, aesthetics, ethnographic and anthropological point of view, has the outstanding universal value, the artificial engineering or person and natural mutual masterpiece and archaeological sites.在一些历史文化名城的建设发展中，出现不少大规模毁坏古城区的情况，这更是在认识上存在误区。由于历史原因，古城区往往是所在城市的中心区。因此当城市发展需要扩张、改造时，古城区就被视为“黄金地段”而首当其冲。以这种城市发展思路在古城区大肆开发的结果是，人流、车流依旧集中在老城区，由城市人口膨胀带来的交通拥挤、基础设施不足等一系列问题仍然不能根本解决，而对历史文化遗产的破坏却是毁灭性的。例如苏州原来走的就是改造古城区的路子，结果发现无法彻底解决城市发展的问题，又回过头来再去开发新城区。但是2500年历史的古城风貌已经面目全非，河道大量被填，“东方威尼斯”也是徒具其名了。事实上，城市发展和保护并不是一个绝对的矛盾，至少不是根本性的矛盾，出现的问题都是可以解决的。这一点上，中外都有可以借鉴的例子。巴黎、罗马都是历史久远的古城，在城市建设上，就采取了原样保护古城区，另外开辟新城区的做法。我国云南的丽江、山西的平遥也采取了相同的办法，古城得到了很好的保护，丽江古城、平遥古城都被接纳为世界文化和自然遗产，名扬中外，吸引了大批旅游 者，经济效益和社会效益都很好，古城保护和新区发展可以说两全其美。In some historical and cultural city development, many large-scale destruction of the ancient city of the District of the situation, this is more in the understanding existence error. Due to historical reasons, the ancient city of the district is often located in the city center area. So when the city development needs expansion, renovation, the ancient city of the district was seen as lots of gold and be the first to bear the brunt. With the city development train of thought in the ancient city of area develop result, stream of people, traffic is still concentrated in the old city, the city population expansion brought