新概念二册笔记Lesson 08 The best and the worst.doc

Lesson 8 The best and the worst【New words and expressions】（5） competition n. 比赛，竞赛（暗地里的竞争）race n. 比赛，竞赛car racematch n. 比赛football matchcontest n. 比赛（更广泛）baby contest 宝宝大赛；beauty contest 选美game : 游戏, 运动neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的，井井有条clean adj. 干净的neat=tidy tidy (up) the room 整理房间pool n. 水池(人工的) swimming pool 游泳池pond 池塘（天然的）golden pond金色池塘【课文讲解】1、Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.=Joes garden is the most beautiful.Bills garden is the largest.Bills garden is larger than Joes. （比较的东西都是同类的事物 joes 的“s”不能省略）1、 Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time.nearly和almost意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。I have nearly forgotten his name. enter for 报名参加（各种竞赛，考试等活动）win（won，won） v. 赢 vi. 赢I win. /I lose. (输了) vt. 赢得win something 后面往往是奖品,不能接对手I win the book. win a prize 赢了奖win a prize for因为而获奖defeat+对手I defeat you.3、Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes.名词加-s表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解。4、He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.make和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等” Have you made the skirt by yourself? They have made a road along the river.【Key structures】形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级相当于汉语中“比更”这种句型，最高级则表示在某个范围“最”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the，并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。1、 比较级和最高级的构成： 单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er，-est，以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-er，-est 以-e结尾的词加-r，-st 以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母，再加-er，-est 三个或者是三个音节以上（多音节）比较级的构成 : more+原级最高级的构成 : the most+原级有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er，-est，也可与more/less和most/least连用，如narrow，clever，common，pleasant等。clever cleverer more cleverfun adj. 快乐more fun （美国人用） 有些构成是不规则的：good/well(better best)；bad/ill(worse worst)；many/much(more most)；little(less least)；far(farther further , farthest furthest)（farther:距离上远和更远further:程度上更进一步）further more(更有甚者)old(older elder, oldest eldest)older 比大She is older than somebodyelder 做定语修饰其他名词elder sister (年长的)姐姐2、 比较级和最高级的用法在使用比较级时，如果需要把所比较的两项都提到，那么就必须比较级后用than：My room is cleaner than the one next door.如果比较级之所指很清楚，它可独立存在：Which house do you prefer?I prefer the older one.最高级的限定范围一般用of，among，in等介词短语；限定范围也可以是从句；如果范围很清楚，则可以省略。John is the tallest of the three brother.Mary is the most intelligent person Ive ever met.【Special Difficulties】 every构成的合成词every和one，body，thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用，后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数。Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每个人都知道自己必须做什么。Everything is going well. 一切都很顺利。each和every均可译为“每一个”，两者常可互换。every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.Enter and Enter forEnter vt.&vi. 进入enter+地点名词Always knock on the door before you enter. vt.&vi. 参加，加入Weve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。He soon entered their conversation.enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词 报名参加, 强调报名enter for the exam1. She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 她报名参加数学竞赛。take part in 真正的参加2. Will you enter _for_ this weeks crossword competition? crossward 文字游戏3. Many athletes have entered _for_ the Olympic Games this year.【Multiple choice questions】8 Joe wins every time. He always _b_ Bill Frith.a. wins b. beats c. gains d. earns对手关系不能用windefeat v. 击败 defeat sb. beat v. 打败；打gain =get sth. earn vt. 挣得 earn money9 Joe grows more flowers. More flowers _a_ in his