CET-4写作复习提纲.doc

CET-4写作复习提纲CET-4写作复习提纲Section A大学英语四/六级考试写作类型及写作方法1. 议论文议论文的格式应由三个部分组成： 立论部分-第一段引出话题,直接切入主题,阐明自己的观点,注意观点务必鲜明确切,语言务必清楚简练;论证部分-中间段落就立论观点加以论证,注意论据的充分和逻辑的清晰.论证过程可使用举例,推理等论证方法.(PS:切记,所有的论据都是为首段中的论点服务的,不可在论证过程中形成新的子论点,以免让阅卷人产生论点模糊,逻辑混乱的感觉)结论部分-最后段落给出明确的结论,再次强调首段中提出的观点,注意语言的概括性与完整性, 尽量做到首尾呼应，切忌前后矛盾。2. 图表作文1) 常见图表类型曲线图(Line Chart)柱状图(Bar Chart)饼状图 (Pie Chart)统计表格 (Table)2) 图表作文写作方法a. 首段借助图表的标题说明图表所表达的主要内容.b. 注意图表中的极端数字-即指最大最小,最多最少,最高最低,最好最差,基本相同或完全相反的数字或表达.在众多数据中,这些是最具有代表性和说明性的,往往是反应问题的关键,在进行几个事物之间的对比时非常有用.c. 开头部分-尽量用一句话把图表描写的内容或体现的趋势交代清楚,作为主题句,放在文章的开头部分.以便于后面数据引用的针对性.d. 描述部分-重视具体数字的引用,所有的描述都要在有具体数字的基础上进行,否则即为“空谈”。注意描述时的主次分明，要有重点的描述，切不可堆砌数据，给人信息混乱，调理不轻的感觉。e. 语气-描写时要注意语气的客观性,避免使用I, we等表主观的词.3. 书信写作1) 书信的类型-投诉信,询问信,请求信,道歉信,感谢信,建议信,求职信2) 写法和格式 1首先是信头（Heading）:信头是指写信人的地址及日期，位于信笺的右上方，距信纸的顶头约一英寸。顺序是先写地址，后写日期。地址由小写到大，即门牌号街名城市省份国名，由小到大的顺序书写。 如“江西省万载县康乐镇田下路159号”， 英文写法是：159 Tianxia Road，Kangle Town，Wanzai County，Jiangxi Province；日期可按“日-月-年”(美式)的顺序或“月-日-年”(英式)的顺序写。 2其次是信内地址（Inside Address）:它是指收信人的姓名和地址，写在信笺的左上方，稍低于信头一至二行，在称呼语上方。顺序是先写收信人姓名，后写职务，再写地址（由小到大）。商业往来信件及公函必须写信头和信内地址。但亲友、熟人之间的信可不写信内地址，信头处只写发信日期。 3称呼（Greeting）：收信人的称呼，写在信纸的左边，低于信内地址。 4书信的正文（Body）：是写信者所要说的话，正文信的内容，从左向右横写，低于称呼语，常在缩进四、五个字母处起笔。写信与写文章一样，要分段写，每段有一个中心思想，内容要表达清楚，语言要简单明了，态度要诚恳礼貌。给亲友的信还应亲切热情。考试时必须把规定的内容写清楚。正文结束时，还可写一两句表达心愿的话，如：Best wishes to you Remember me to your family Hoping to hear from you soon等。 5结束语（Closing）：发信人表示自己对收信人的一种客套称呼，写在书信正文结尾下面低两行的位置上。一般它均从正中或偏右处写起。结束语的第一个字母必须大写，后面须加上逗号。收信人与写信人之间是朋友关系时常用： Yours，Yours ever，Ever yours， Always（Sincerely）yours，等。 Section B 写作考试常用词汇1. 连词： 2. 1)表层次: first, firstly,tobeginwith,further,inthefirstplace, second, secondly,tostartwith,still,furthermore, third, thirdly,whatismore,last,lastbutnotleast, also,andthen,next,besides andequallyimportanttoo,moreover besides,inaddition,finally 2)表转折； bycontrast,although/though,yet, atthesametime,but,despite, thefactthat,evenso, incontrast,nevertheless,eventhough, however,inspiteof, ontheotherhand,otherwiseinsteadstill, regardless 3)表因果； therefore,consequently,becauseof,forthereason, thus,hence,dueto,owingto so,accordingly,thanksto,onthisaccount, since,as,onthataccount,inthisway, forasaresultasaconsequence, 4）表让步： still,nevertheless,concession, inspiteof,allthesame,ofcourse,despite, evenso,afterall 5)表递进： furthermore,moreover,likewise,whatismore, besides,also,notonly.butalso., too,inaddition. 6)表举例： for example, for instance, for one thing,to illustrate, as an illustration.7)表解释： as a matter of fact,franklyspeaking,inthiscase, inotherwords 8)表总结： insummary,inaword,thus,ashasbeensaid, inbrief,inconclusion,altogether,inotherwords, toconclude,infact,finallyinsimplerterms, indeed,inshortin,particular,thatis inotherwords,ofcourse,onthewhole,toputitdifferently, all inall,therefore,tosummarize.2.同义/近意词表示进步,提高的动词: improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrich upgrade refine重要,关键: important significant consequential considerable essential valuable distinctive great major serious vital capital substantial 正确的,无误的: correct rectify accurate precise proper right impeccable 增长和减少(这个超级常用!) increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify enhance strengthen shrink terminate raise boost intense(intensify) expand augment enlarge diminish 和证明相关的: justify assert claim contend argue validate substantiate verify accuse assign indict affirm 论题: statement claim declaration assertion opinion belief view conviction persuasion 要求 request demand needs requisition 撤销 to cancel; to revoke; to countermand; Law to rescind; to quash 建立 to build up; to establish; to set up; to found; to take root; to strike root 消除 to eliminate; to clear; to remove; to clear up; to take away; to smooth away 推理 1.inference; reasoning; deduction; ratiocination 2.to reason 3.to put two and two together 相应 1.corresponding; relevant; relative; fitting; appropriate 2.accordingly; correspondingly; by the same token; in a corresponding way 3.to correspond to; to act in responses; to work in concert with; to support each other导致 1.to lead to; to bring about (or on); to result in; to cause; to spark off; to conduce to; to procure; to induce; to generate 后果 a consequence; an aftermath; an outcome 检查 to inspect; to check; to examine; to look over; to put to the test; to keep a check on 表示程度的副词 very strikingly greatly highly insatiably exceedingly dreadfully remarkably drastically dramatically 足够 sufficient adequate enoughSection C四级/六级作文句型1表示原因1）There are three reasons for this2）The reasons for this are as follows3）The reason for this is obvious4）The reason for this is not far to seek5）The reason for this is that6）We have good reason to believe that例如：There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life注：如写第一个句子没有把握，可将其改写成两个句子。如：Great changes have taken place in our life There are three reasons for this这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。2表示好处,优点,强项1）It has the following advantages2）It does us a lot of good3）It benefits us quite a lot4）It is beneficial to us5）It is of great benefit to us例如：Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us3表示坏处, 缺点, 弱项1）It has more disadvantages than advantages2）It does us much harm3）It is harmful to us例如：However，everything divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sbto do sth2）We think it necessary to do sth3）It plays an important role in our life例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age5表示措施1）We should take some effective measures2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties3）We should do our utmost in doing sth4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it6表示变化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications3）The computer has brought about many changes in education例如：Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins7表示事实、现状1）We cannot ignore the fact that2）No one can deny the fact that3）There is no denying the fact that4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in5）However，thats not the case例如：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment8表示比较1）Compared with A，B2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV3）There is a striking contrast between them例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly，they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise9表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）fromto2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，0003）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January例如：1)With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 2)From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000。10表示看法1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth2）People have different opinions on this problem3）People take different views of（on）the question4）Some people believe thatOthers argue that例如：People have different attitudes towards failureSome believe that failure leads to successEvery failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavorHowever， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers11表示结论1）In short，it can be said that 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that 例如：From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved12套语1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us，3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way例如：As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campusThe reason for this is obviousNowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an “ivory towerAs college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campusOnly in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate13.开头段常用核心句型 The arguer may be right about, but he seems to neglect to mention the fact thatContrary to generally accepted views, I argue thatIt is true that, but this is not to say thatThe main/obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact thatIt would be natural/reasonable to think that, but it would be absurd to claim thatThere is absolutely no reason for us to believe thatAt first thought, it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find thatThe problem/fact is thatAs far as I am concerned, I believe thatThose who object toargue thatBut people who favor, on the other hand, argue that14.中间段的常用核心句型The change inmainly results fromThe increase inis due to the fact thatMany people would claim thatOne of the reasons given for is thatThere are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in First Second FinallyWhy are (is/do/did)? For one thing For anotherHistory is filled with the examples ofAs is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned thatThere is (no) good evidence toWe must admit the undeniable fact thatNo one can deny the fact thatExperience (Evidence) suggests thatThe same is true of15.结尾段的常用核心句型It is high time that we placed great emphasis on the improvement ofIt is high time that we put an end to the unhealthy situation (tendency/phenomenon) ofThere is no easy solution to the problem of, but might be useful.Unless there is a common realization of, it is very likely thatIt is essential that effective measures should be taken to prevent the situation.It is suggested that great efforts should be made to control the growth ofIt is hoped that great efforts should be focused on finding (developing/improving)Anyway, more publicity should be given to the potential effects ofTo control the tendency is not an easy job, and it involves a different state of attitude towardsTo put all into a nutshell, ISection D Topics for Practice下面20个参考练习题目,任选题目进行写作练习,一周两篇1. Information Security (信息安全)a. 信息安全问题日益受到重视b. 信息安全事故可能导致的为害c. 如何做到信息安全2. How to Build Students Self-confidence (如何培养大学生的自信)a. 对大学生自信的培养很重要b. 因此,学校可以.c. 大学生自己应当.3. Campus Safety (校园安全)a. 校园安全十分重要b. 学校应采取的措施c. 学生自身的保护措施4. Will Internet Kill Face-to-face Communication? (网络是否会取代面对面的交流)a. 随着因特网的普及,人们在网上交流越来越多b. 有人认为因特网会取代面对面的交流,理由是.c. 我的看法5. The Advantages and Disadvanta