加强英语写作.docx

基础写作精讲（1月）刘倩茜 VERA1. 明确目标2. 制定计划3. 合理分配时间4. 保持学习与生活的平衡5. 制定并遵守规则目 录第一章 考研英语写作41.1 大纲要求41.2 评分原则与标准5第二章 考研英语写作之小作文72.1 询问信82.2 感谢信102.3 建议信122.4 呼吁信142.5 求职信16第三章 考研英语写作之大作文183.1图画作文183.2图表式作文223.3课后练习25附录：起承转合连词262012一二三四五六日一二三四五六日一二三四五六日2345678123451234910111213141567891011125678940441617181920212213141516171819121314151617182324252627282920212223242526192021222324253031272829262728293031一二三四五六日一二三四五六日一二三四五六日11234561232345678789101112134567891091011121314151415161718192011121314151617161718192021222122232425262718192021222324232425262728292829303125262728293030一二三四五六日一二三四五六日一二三四五六日1123451223456786789101112345678991011121314151314151617181910111213141516161718192021222021222324252617181920212223232425262728292728293031242526272829303031 一二三四五六日一二三四五六日一二三四五六日1234567123412891011121314567891011345678915161718192021121314151617181011121314151622232425262728192021222324251718192021222329303126272829302425262728293031第一章 考研英语写作1.1 大纲要求英语（一）英语（二）总分30分25分语言技能考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。写作时，考生应能：1) 做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；2) 遵循文章的特定文体格式；3) 合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；4) 根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语域。考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。短文应中心明确，切中题意，结构清晰，用词恰当，无明显语言错误。考查形式A节1) 考生根据所给情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。2) 要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80-100词的文章摘要。共10分。B节考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。共20分。要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词以上的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。共15分。备注：1) 英语（二）考核人群：法律硕士，社会工作硕士，教育硕士，体育硕士，汉语国际教育硕士，翻译硕士，艺术硕士，风景园林硕士，工程硕士，建筑学硕士，农业推广硕士，兽医硕士，临床医学硕士，口腔医学硕士，公共卫生硕士，会计硕士，工商管理硕士，公共管理硕士，军事硕士。2) 英语（二）主要适用于部分考专业学位研究生的考生。请您一定要通过招生院校最新公布的招生简章确定您需要参加英语（一）还是英语（二）的考试。1.2 评分原则与标准1.2.1 评分原则和方法 评分侧重点A节：信息表达的全面、准确、恰当B节：内容完整性；文章组织连贯性；语法结构和词汇的多样性；语言准确性 根据内容及语言定档 文章长度 拼写与标点符号 书写1.2.2一般评分标准第五档 小作文(9-10分)大作文(17-20分 / 13-15分) 很好地完成了试题规定的任务。 包含所有的内容要点； 使用丰富的语法结构和词汇； 语言自然流畅，语法错误极少； 有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰； 格式与语域恰当贴切。 对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第四档 A节（7-8分）B节（13-16分 / 10-12分)）较好地完成了试题规定的任务。 包含所有内容要点，允许漏掉一、两个次重点； 使用较丰富的语法结构和词汇； 语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时才有个别语法错误； 采用了适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密； 格式和语域较恰当。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第三档 小作文(5-6分)大作文(9-12分 / 7-9分) 基本完成了试题规定的任务。 虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点； 应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的需求； 有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解； 采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰； 格式和语域基本合理。 对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。第二档 A节（3-4分）B节（5-8分 / 4-6分)）未能按要求完成试题规定的任务。 漏掉或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容； 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限； 有较多语法结构及词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解； 未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性； 格式和语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给读者。第一档 A节（1-2分）B节（1-4分 / 1-3分)）未完成试题规定的任务。 明显遗漏主要内容，且有许多不相关的内容； 语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复； 语言错误多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差； 未采用任何衔接手法，内容不连贯，缺少组织、分段； 无格式和语域概念。未能传达信息给读者。零档 （0分）所传达的信息或所使用语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。第二章 考研英语写作之小作文历届考研英语小作文命题总览考试年代考试内容分类2005信函辞职信2006信函申请信2007信函建议信2008信函道歉信2009信函建议信2010通知信函招募通知感谢+邀请2011信函推荐信祝贺+建议 信件格式范例1：缩进式Dear Sir or Madam,We are planning to spend our vacation in Denver over Christmas and would like some information on available lodging in the area.We would appreciate it if you could send us information about inexpensive hotels in the Denver area. A city map and brochures about activities and sights in the city would also be appreciated.Thanks for your attention. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely,Li Ming范例2：齐头式Dear Sir or Madam,We are planning to spend our vacation in Denver over Christmas and would like some information on available lodging in the area.We would appreciate it if you could send us information about inexpensive hotels in the Denver area. A city map and brochures about activities and sights in the city would also be appreciated.Thanks for your attention. I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 信件内容2.1 询问信 写作目的（背景）+写信目的 具体询问事项 表示感谢，期待回复Sentences 句子第一段 As a student at _ university, I am preparing for_. I am writing for information about _ I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding _.第二段 As we are particularly interested in_, we should be grateful if you would kindly_ It would be of great help if you could send me information regarding _ I would be more than happy if you could tell me about the situation about _ in detail. Would you be so kind as to tell me _? Could you please send me the relevant information? I would greatly appreciate it if you would forward the necessary materials and relevant information at your earliest convenience.第三段 Thank you in advance for your assistance and hope to hear from you soon. Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated. I am looking forward to hearing from you. I would appreciate receiving your answer by _.Sample 范文Directions: You are preparing for an English test and are in need of some reference books. Write a letter to the sales department of a bookstore to ask for:1) detailed information about the books you want, 2) methods of payment, and3) time and way of delivery.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Dear Sales Manager,I am a senior in the Computer Science Department of Tsinghua University. At the moment, I am preparing for NETEM and need a reference book so that I write to you for help.First of all, I am most interested in whether the book Practical Writing of NETEM is available in your Xinhua bookstore or not. By the way, do you offer any discount if I buy your book? Do you offer any free CD, VCD, DVD or MP3 concerning the book? Moreover, I would like to be informed about whether I can pay you for the book via network since my university is far away from your bookstore. And I would appreciate it if you can deliver the book to me by way of EMS since I am in urgent need of the book.Thank you in advance for your assistance and hope to hear from you soon. Yours truly, Li MingExercise 练习Directions: You want to study abroad at a certain university. Write a letter to1) inquire about the situations there, and2) ask about qualifications, scholarships and accommodation.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.2.2 感谢信 写作目的、情景描述 具体原因 个人评价、再次感谢Sentences 句子第一段 I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for your generous help. On behalf of my whole family, I would like to show my sincere gratitude for your prompt assistance. I am writing to let you know how thankful I am for everything you did the other day.第二段 It was very kind and generous of you to do this for me, which I will never forget. Your generous assistance helped me live through that difficult period. It was your quick-witted response and selfless act in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome. If it had not been for your assistance in giving me first aid, I am afraid that the consequence might have been much more serious. I do appreciate what you have done for me, and I wish I would repay it one day. Thanks a lot for the gift. It is the most wonderful gift I have ever received. Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, and I will cherish them forever.第三段 Again, thank you for the trouble you have taken. With thanks from the bottom of my heart and best wishes to you and your family.Sample 范文Directions: Suppose you were recommended by Professor Li to get further education in Yale University last June and now you have been admitted by that university. Write a letter to Professor Li to express your gratitude. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Dear Professor Li,I am writing to extend my gratitude to youwithout your help I would not have been a postgraduate student of Applied Mechanics Department of Yale University.Last June, you helped me with no reservation when I applied for Yale University. You wrote a recommendation letter for me to Professor W, the dean of the department. You gave me instructions on how to fill the application forms and write the application letters. Whats more, you also taught me how to take care of myself and get along with others, which I believe are lifes great lessons.Your help enabled me to fulfill my dream to pursue my studies in a great university, which I will never forget. A thousand thanks again and best wishes to you and your family.Yours truly,Li MingExercise 练习Directions: You have just come back from a student exchange program in the U.S. Write a letter to your host family in New York to express your gratitude for their hospitality, describe the help they gave you, offer to repay their help and invite them to visit you. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.2.3 建议信 （自我介绍+）写作意图 具体建议 希望对方采纳Sentences句子第一段 I would like to take the opportunity to express my appreciation for your kind assistance as always. However, I find there are some things that can be further improved. A senior as I am, I feel that it is my obligation to make some suggestions concerning I am writing to you to present what I think on the further improvement of I am writing to express my views concerning _. I am writing in reply to your last letter which enquires how to improve _. I am deeply concerned about _, as it seems that it has some negative effects in our daily life.第二段 In the first place, _. I would also suggest that _. Last but not least, _. I think it would be more beneficial if you could _. It would be helpful, in my opinion, for you to _. If I were you, I would _. In order to _, you are supposed to _.第三段 I hope that you take my suggestions into serious consideration. Thank you for taking the time to consider my suggestions. I would be more than happy to see improvement in this regard. I would be ready to discuss about this matter with you to further details. Whatever you decide to do, good luck with your studies/work!Sample 范文Directions:Suppose one of your friends, Wei Lin, is going to take the CET-6 and asks you for suggestions on how to make preparation. Write a letter of advice to him.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. Dear Wei Lin,I am writing this letter in response to your last letter which asks for advice on how to prepare for the coming CET-6. My suggestions are as follows:To get fully prepared for the test, I think, you need to first enlarge your vocabulary, which is the basis of all parts. Meanwhile, it would be beneficial for you to take more exercises, especially those of reading comprehension, in order to improve your test skills. Another thing you should pay attention to is to practise writing constantly. You can e-mail your compositions to me and I will correct them for you in time. In a word, every effort is rewarding. I am looking forward to your success.Yours,Li MingExercise 练习Directions:Write a letter to the president of your college about the unpleasant conditions of the university dormitory, and suggest possible solutions.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. 2.4 呼吁信 自我介绍、写作目的 / 背景 呼吁原因及呼吁行为的好处/影响 展望+再次呼吁Sentence 句子第一段 I am writing this letter to call on everyone to pay attention to _. As an ordinary college student, I take the opportunity to appeal for all of you to _. Nowadays, much attention has been attached to _. The problem of _ has caused wide public concern over recent years. As some of you may know, _ has become so serious that it is high time that we joined efforts to combat it.第二段 As I see it, _ has many advantages. First of all, In addition, I hope that all of you can make a contribution to _. Only if we pay more attention to environmental protection can our society become a more harmonious heaven.第三段 Your kindness is appreciated and will be surely rewarding. Therefore, lets take immediate action so as to So dont hesitate to act out these measures. With efforts from everybody, I firmly believe that a better and more brilliant future is waiting for us.Sample 范文Directions:At present, much attention is being attached to the environmental protection. Write a letter to advocate car-pooling. In your letter, you should at least state the aim of your writing and the advantage(s) of car-pooling.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. Dear Friends,I, the undersigned, am an ordinary student of Beijing Normal University. As a volunteer of environmental protection, I am writing to recommend car-pooling to you.At present, car-pooling is the very resolution to many problems. In terms of environmental protection, car-pooling reduces waste-gas emission and air pollution. Besides, car-pooling helps cut down the energy consumption. Most importantly, car-pooling can ease traffic pressure and lower our transportation fee. All these help promote the harmony between human beings and nature.Lets make joint efforts to create a green and harmonious environment. Your cooperation would be much appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Ming Exercise练习Directions:As a volunteer for the Project Hope, write a letter to the teachers and students of your university to1) briefly introduce the Project Hope, and 2) ask them to make a contribution to the Project Hope.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address.2.5 求职信 写作意图 介绍自己为何胜任（硬件+软件） 联系方式、感谢和期待Sentences句子第一段 I am writing to apply for the post of _ advertised in _. I have learned from _ of your opening for _, and I am writing to apply for the post. Your advertisement for _ arouses my interest a great deal, and I am writing to apply for it.第二段 I am now a senior majoring in _ from _, and I expect to graduate in this July with a Bachelors degree. After the four-year of academic training, I am now good at _ and proficient in English. During my college life, I worked a part-time _ as _for two years, which greatly improved my interpersonal skills. I am a very easy-going person who can quickly establish a good relationship with team members. Not only do my qualifications and work experience make me an ideal candidate for the job, my personality is well suited to working as _. I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job.第三段 Thank you for considering my application and I am looking forward to meeting you. Any favorable consideration of application will be highly appreciated. If these meet your requirement, please grant me an interview. If you need to know more about me, please contact me at 12345678.Sample 范文Directions:You will graduate from university and are hunting for a job. After reading an ad on for an English teacher of Haitian School, write a letter to 1) show your interest, and2) explain why you are suitable for this job.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) Dear Sir or Madam,Your advertisement on for an English teacher appealed to me a lot. Therefore, I am writing this letter to apply for it with the hope of tendering my service.I am now a senior student majoring in English at Beijing Normal University, and I expect to get