留学生《病理生理学》英文教学大纲.pdf

一 teaching objectives and requirement of the course 一 teaching objectives Pathophysiology is a branch of medical sciences that combines physiology and pathology to elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of disease It concerns the occurrence development and outcome of disease to clarify the essence of disease and provides experimental and theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis treatment and prevention Thus it is believed to serve a bridge between basic medical science and clinical science play an important role in the medical education system Pathophysiology is mainly composed of four parts a brief introduction of disease fundamental common pathological processes organic pathophysiology and cellular and molecular pathophysiology Based on the training guidance for the students majored in clinical medicine and other related clinical medicine students will be expected to obtain the following knowledge and skill after taking this course 1 Basic theory and knowledge 1 Master the underlying mechanisms by which disease occurs and the resultant functional and metabolic alternations within the body 2 Be familiar with the causes and conditions of disease 3 Understand the pathophysiological basis for clinical diagnosis treatment and prevention 2 General capability and skill 1 Self learning ability Points will be explained and stressed in the class Further reading will be instructed 2 Skills of problem solving and comprehensive analytical ability Questions in actual clinical cases will be discussed 3 Speciality English terms 3 Innovative ability 4 The teaching period is arranged with 48 periods of theory course and corresponding 35 periods of practice course 二二 teaching requirement of the course Chapter 1 Brief introduction to pathphysiology Understand conception and task of pathophysiology academic position role and main content of pathophysiology main research target of pathophysiology and its evolutionary history chapter 2 General introduction to disease Master conception of health causes conditions and precipitation of diseases general law of generation and development of disease basic pathogenesis of disease Familiarize conceptions of health disease and death the signs and criteria of death concept of brain death Understand traditional concept of death Chapter 3 Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism Master the definition of hyponatremia especially hypotonic dehydration and hyponatremia especially hyperosmotic dehydration Master the alteration of metabolism and function of hyponatremia and hyponatremia especially hypotonic dehydration and hyperosmotic dehydration Pay attention to the position of dehydration the changes of intracellular and extracellular fluid regulation of body and symptoms of cardiovascular and neurological system the definition of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia the definition of edema and its pathophysiological mechanisms Familiarize the classification of disorders of water and sodium metabolism the causes of different kinds of dehydrations and disorders of potassium metabolism and the alteration of metabolism and function especially nerve muscle and heart of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia the relationship between disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism and acid base disorders the causes of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia and their influence on body the causes of disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and their influence on body Understand the normal regulation of body fluid and electrocyte balance the definition of water intoxication and the features and influence of edema especially the influence of cell edema on brain the principles of treatment on different kinds of dehydrations the normal regulation of potassium metabolism and the principles of treatment on disorders of potassium metabolism the features of magnesium metabolism and the principles of treatment on disorders of magnesium metabolism the features of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and the principles of treatment on disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism Chapter 4 Acid Base Balance And Disturbances Master The normal value and significance of general index of acid base balance such as pH arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide standard bicarbonate actual bicarbonate buffer excess buffer base and anion gap Concept of four kinds of simple acid base disorders The primary causes main index variation body s compensation and the impact on body of four simple acid base disorders The judgement of four simple acid base disorders Familiarize Regulation function of body Pathophysiological basis of preventing of four kinds of disturbance of acid base balance Understand Voncepts of acids and bases and the sources of acids and bases The cause and characteristic of mixed acid base balance disorder The judgement of mixed acid base balance disorder Chapter 5 Hypoxia Master Conception Hypoxia cyanosis enterogenous cyanosis Parameters of blood oxygen Classification of hypoxia and their mechanisms and characteristics of blood oxygen of each type Functional and metabolic changes of respiratory circulation blood system and tissue cells Familiarize Causes of all types of hypoxia Understand Principles of hypoxia treatment Chapter 6 Fever Master Conception fever ndogenous pyrogen Pathogenesis of fever Familiarize Periods of fever Understand 1 Classification of exogenous pyrogen endogenous pyrogen and chemical febrile mediators 2 Functional and metabolic changes of fever 3 Principles of fever treatment Chapter 7 Dysfunction of Cell Signaling in Disease Master aberrant receptors in diseases and aberrant G proteins in diseases Familiarize the major pathways for cell signaling understand the major causes of dysfunction of cell signaling the development of biological therapies designed to target specific cell signalling pathways Chapter 8 cell proliferation and differentiation and the related diseases Master Concept of cell proliferation cell differentiation and cell cycle Deregulation of cell proliferation and tumor Abnormal differentiation in tumors Familiarize Specific checkpoints in the cell cycle Control of cell differentiation Understand Cell cycle control system Relationship between deregulation of cell cycle and other diseases Relationship between abnormal differentiation and other diseases Chapter 9 Cell Apoptosis and diseases Master Concept of cell apoptosis Regulators of cell apoptosis The intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway The extrinsic or death signals death receptor pathway Abnormal cell apoptosis in diseases AIF pathway Familiarize The differences between apoptosis and necrosis Inducers and effectors of cell apoptosis Understand Meaning of cell apoptosis in prevention of diseases Chapter 10 Stress Master Conception Stress General adaptation syndrome GAS The pathogenesy of stress ulcer Familiarize Conception Stressor Founction of autonomic nervous system in response to stress Effects of stress on the body Understand Types of stressor Basic express of stress Stress related diseases Principles of stress treatment Chapter 11 DIC Master the concept of DIC and its pathogenesis Familiarize influential factors of DIC metabolic and functional alterations understand blood clotting and anticoagulation DIC s etiology stages classification and the pathophysiological basis of prevetion and treatment Chapter 12 Shock Master Concept of shock The development of process and pathogenesy of shock Cell damage and dysmetabolism when shock occurs The concept and mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction The concepts of multiple organfunction systemic inflammatory response syndrome mixed antagonist response syndrome compensatory anti inflammatory response syndrome and the dislocation of bacterium The categories and pathogenesy of MODS Familiarize The change of vasoactive amine and regulatory peptide and the familiarity of mediators of inflammation and SIRS The principle of Prevention and cure for shock The function of inflammatory factors in MODS Understand The causes and categories of shock The change of function and metabolism of organs in multiple organ dysfunction The causes and types of MODS and body s change of function and metabolism and the principle of prevention and cure when MODS occurs Chapter 13 Ischemia reperfusion injury Master the definition of ischemia reperfusion injury calcium overload and free radical the mechanism of calcium overload and the alterations induced by calcium overload and its mechanism the mechanism of increased generation of oxygen free radical during ischemia reperfusion Familiarize the definition of reactive oxygen species pH paradox oxygen paradox and myocardial stunning the causes and influential factors of ischemia reperfusion injury the mechanisms of injury induced by oxygen free radical during ischemia reperfusion the causes and effect of neutrophil activation during ischemia reperfusion Understand the causes of decrease of energy rich phosphate compounds during ischemia reperfusion the mechanisms of arrhythmia during ischemia reperfusion he normal generation and scavenging of free radical the principles of treatment on ischemia reperfusion injury Chapter 14 Heart failure Master conception of cardiac insufficiency and heart failure pathogenesis of heart failure Familiarize causes and precipitation of heart failure compensative ways of heart failure and their significance physiological and metabolic alterations of body in heart failure Understand Classifications of heart failure principles of prevention and treatment of heart failure Chapter 15 Respiratory Failure Master concepts respiratory failure type I and type II functional shunt venous admixture dead space like ventilation true shunt acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS pulmonary heart disease pulmonary encephalopathy pathogenesis and alteration of blood gases of respiratory failure pathogenesis of ARDS pathogenesis of pulmonary heart disease the main alterations of metabolism and function during respiratory failure be familiar with pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary leading to respiratory failure understand etiology of respiratory failure pathophysiological basis of prevention and treatment Chapter 16 Hepatic encephalopathy Master Concept of hepatic encephalopathy and false neurotransmitters Ammonia intoxication hypothesis of hepatic encephalopathy Amino acid imbalance hypothesis of hepatic encephalopathy Precipitating factors of hepatic encephalopathy Familiarize Cause for elevated ammonia of hepatic encephalopathy The GABA hypothesis of hepatic encephalopathy Concept of hepatic insufficiency hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome Mechanism of hepatorenal syndrome Understand Etiology of hepatic diseases Classifications of encephalopathy Effects of other neurotoxins in encephalopathy Principles of treatment of hepatic encephalopathy Chapter 17 Renal Failure Master the concept of acute renal insufficiency ARI olicguric mechanism for olicguric ARI and alterations of metabolism and functions concepts and mechanism for chronic renal insufficiency CRI and uremia pathogenesis of renal hypertension renal anemia and renal osteodystrophy Familiarize etiology and classification of ARI process of olicguric ARI and nonolicguric ARI etiology stages water and electrolyte disorders metabolism and acid base imbalance Understand pathophysiological basis of prevetion and treatment for ARI CRI and uremia Chapter 18 Brain dysfunction Master the definition of cognitive disorders and consciousness disorders the etiology and pathogenesis of cognitive disorders and consciousness disorders Familiarize the major manifestations of cognitive disorders and consciousness disorders Understand the characteristics of brain diseases the principles of treatment on cognitive disorders and consciousness disorders 二 contents of course and distribution of teaching time chapter Contens of theory course period 1 Introduction self learning 2 General introduction of disease 2 3 Disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism 4 4 Acid base balance and disturbances 4 5 hypoxia 2 6 fever 2 7 Dysfunction of cell signaling in diseases 2 8 Cell proliferation differentiation and the related diseases self learning 9 Cell apoptosis and the related diseases 2 10 stress 2 11 DIC 2 12 shock 2 13 Ischemia eperfusion injury 2 14 Heart failure 4 15 Respiratory failure 4 16 Hepatic failure 2 17 renal failure 4 18 Brain dysfunction self learning Total period 48 三 references 1 Pathophysiology 6th edition by Jin Huiming people s medical publishing house 2003 8 for five year medical students 2 pathophysiology 1th edition by Wang jianzhi people s medical publishing house 2005 3 for seven year medical students 3 pathophysiology 1th edition by Chen Zhuchu people s medical publishing house 2005 3 for eight year medical students 4 Pathophysiology Hardcover 3rd Bk and hyponatremia especially hyperosmotic dehydration Master the alteration of metabolism and function of hyponatremia and hyponatremia especially hypotonic dehydration and hyperosmotic dehydration Pay attention to the position of dehydration the changes of intracellular and extracellular fluid regulation of body and symptoms of cardiovascular and neurological system the definition of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia the definition of edema and its pathophysiological mechanisms Familiarize the classification of disorders of water and sodium metabolism the causes of different kinds of dehydrations and disorders of potassium metabolism and the alteration of metabolism and function especially nerve muscle and heart of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia the relationship between disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism and acid base disorders the causes of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia and their influence on body the causes of disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and their influence on body Understand the normal regulation of body fluid and electrocyte balance the definition of water intoxication and the features and influence of edema especially the influence of cell edema on brain the principles of treatment on different kinds of dehydrations the normal regulation of potassium metabolism and the principles of treatment on disorders of potassium metabolism the features of magnesium metabolism and the principles of treatment on disorders of magnesium metabolism the features of calcium and phosphorus metabolism and the principles of treatment on disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism Chapter 4 Acid Base Balance And Disturbances Master The normal value and significance of general index of acid base balance such as pH arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide standard bicarbonate actual bicarbonate buffer excess buffer base and anion gap Concept of four kinds of simple acid base disorders The primary causes main index variation body s compensation and the impact on body of four simple acid base disorders The judgement of four simple acid base disorders Familiarize Regulation function of body Pathophysiological basis of preventing of four kinds of disturbance of acid base balance Understand Voncepts of acids and bases and the sources of acids and bases The cause and characteristic of mixed acid base balance disorder The judgement of mixed acid base balance disorder Chapter 5 Hypoxia Master Conception Hypoxia cyanosis enterogenous cyanosis Parameters of blood oxygen Classification of hypoxia and their mechanisms and characteristics of blood oxygen of each type Functional and metabolic changes of respiratory circulation blood system and tissue cells Familiarize Causes of all types of hypoxia Understand Principles of hypoxia treatment Chapter 6 Fever Master Conception fever ndogenous pyrogen Pathogenesis of fever Familiarize Periods of fever Understand 1 Classification of exogenous pyrogen endogenous pyrogen and chemical febrile mediators 2 Functional and metabolic changes of fever 3 Principles of fever treatment Chapter 7 Dysfunction of Cell Signaling in Disease Master aberrant receptors in diseases and aberrant G proteins in diseases Familiarize the major pathways for cell signaling understand the major causes of dysfunction of cell signaling the development of biological therapies designed to target specific cell signalling pathways Chapter 8 cell proliferation and differentiation and the related diseases Master Concept of cell proliferation cell differentiation and cell cycle Deregulation of cell proliferation and tumor Abnormal differentiation in tumors Familiarize Specific checkpoints in the cell cycle Control of cell differentiation Understand Cell cycle control system Relationship between deregulation of cell cycle and other diseases Relationship between abnormal differentiation and other diseases Chapter 9 Cell Apoptosis and diseases Master Concept of cell apoptosis Regulators of cell apoptosis The intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway The extrinsic or death signals death receptor pathway Abnormal cell apoptosis in diseases AIF pathway Familiarize The differences between apoptosis and necrosis Inducers and effectors of cell apoptosis Understand Meaning of cell apoptosis in prevention of diseases Chapter 10 Stress Master Conception Stress General adaptation syndrome GAS The pathogenesy of stress ulcer Familiarize Conception Stressor Founction of autonomic nervous system in response to stress Effects of stress on the body Understand Types of stressor Basic express of stress Stress related diseases Principles of stress treatment Chapter 11 DIC Master the concept of DIC and its pathogenesis Familiarize influential factors of DIC metabolic and functional alterations understand blood clotting and anticoagulation DIC s etiology stages classification and the pathophysiological basis of prevetion and treatment Chapter 12 Shock Master Concept of shock The development of process and pathogenesy of shock Cell damage and dysmetabolism when shock occurs The concept and mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction The concepts of multiple organfunction systemic inflammatory response s