主谓一致知识讲解.doc

高一英语语法之主谓一致一、主谓一致的基本原则 语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近原则二、各原则具体概述： 1、语法一致原则：指主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。 2、意义一致原则：指主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，那么谓语动词也要用复数形式；或主语形式上是复数形式，但却表达单数意义，那么谓语动词要用单数形式。e.g.：My family were watching TV at 7 oclock. My family has moved three times . 3、就近原则：指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语来决定。e.g.：There is a man,two women and three children in the room. There are two women ,a man and three children in the room .三、谓语动词用单数的情况：1、可数名词单数及不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。2、more than one +单数名词 做主语时，谓语动词用单数3、a/an+单数名词+or two 做主语，谓语用单数4、many a +单数名词 做主语，谓语动词用单数5、某些以s结尾的单数名词，如：news,works,physics等，以及书名，戏剧名，报纸及国家名称做主语时，谓语用单数。6、主语从句，动词不定式，动词ing 形式作主语时，谓语动词也用单数。7、如果and 连接的两个词是指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，这时两名词虽然由and 连接，但只有一个限定词，谓语动词要用单数。e.g.：The teacher and writer is her friend.这个既是教师又是作家的人是她的朋友。 My friend and lawyer has caught a bad cold.我的律师，也就是我的朋友，得了重感冒。8、两个单数名词用and 连接表示不可分的整体做主语时，谓语用单数。e.g.：Bread and butter is their daily food .面包和黄油是他们的日常食物。这类常见词有：war and peace战争与和平 iron and steel钢铁 truth and honesty 真诚 a watch and chain一块带链 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a peasant and writer 一个农民作家9、不定代词：anybody ,anyone ,anything,somebody,someone,something,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等做主语时，谓语动词用单数。10、each ,either,neither,another,the other,(a) little,或much做主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。e.g.：Much of what you said is true.你所说的许多话是真的 Each of the books costs five yuan .每本书售价5元。11、 表示“时间”“距离”“价格”“度量衡”的复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。e.g.：Ten miles is too long .10公里路太远了！ Four hours is enough to do your homework .4个小时做家庭作业够了。12、运算数次做主语时，谓语动词也用单数。Three times five is fifteen.35=15Five minus four is one .5-4=113、表示数量的“one and a half +复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：One and a half hours is enough .一个半小时足够了。14、在eachand each,everyand every,noand no,many a and many a 等由and 连接并列单数主语的结构中，谓语动词也用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都用一个女孩。Every man and every woman is at work .每个男人和女人都在工作。No sound and no voice is heard for a long while.很长时间没听到一点儿声音了。四、谓语动词用复数的情况：1、表示总称意义的名词people,police,cattle,crew,clothes,public等做主语时谓语动词用复数。E.g.:People are talking about the news.人们正在谈论那条消息。2、由两部分构成的物体，如;shoes ,trousers,gloves ,glasses ,scissors等复合名词做主语时，谓语用复数。e.g.：My shoes are under the bed.我的鞋在床下。3、两个单数名词(人或物)用and 或both and 连接，做主语时，谓语用复数，但要注意，前后两名词的前面都必须无冠词。e.g.：Both rice and wheat are grown in this place .这个地方种植水稻和小麦。4、one or two +复数名词 做主语时，谓语动词用复数。e.g.：One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon.昨天下午有一两个学生在种树。5、两个或两个以上的主语从句，动词不定式，动词ing 形式作主语，表示两个或两个以上的概念或意义时，谓语动词用复数。e.g.：Swimming in summer and skating in winter are his greatest pleasure.夏天游泳，冬天滑冰是他最大的乐趣。6、what 引导的主语从句，当它表示复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。e.g.：What the boy wanted are some books .这个男孩想要的只是几本书。7、由“quantities/amounts of +名词”构成主语时，谓语动词用复数。e.g.:Large quantities of food were wasted.大量的食物被浪费掉了8、.时间，距离，价格，度量衡的复数名词等表示若干个个别单位 与pass,go by ,waste,use,spend等词连用时，谓语动词用复数。e.g.:Five years have passed since I joined the Party .我入党5年了五、由具体情况来判断单数复数的情况：1、两个形容词共同修饰一个单数名词，若两个形容词前都带有冠词，做主语时，谓语用复数；若两形容词前只有一个冠词，表示一个人或物，做主语时，谓语用单数。e.g.：The white and the red coat are mine .那件白色上衣和那件红色上衣是我的。 The black and white cow is mine .那头黑白花奶牛是我的。2、由 “a kind of ,this kind of ,many kinds of +名词”和“名词+of this kind”等短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词的数保持一致。（与kind 同类的词有type,sort）e.g.： A new type of machine is on sale now.一种新机器正在热销。 Machines of this new type are made in China.这种新机器产于中国。3、主语后面带有as well as ,rather than ,like ,but ,except,besides,with ,along with ,together with ,including,in addition to 等连接的名词时，谓语动词的单复数问题仍然与句首的主语保持一致，若主语为单，谓语则单数，若主语为复数，谓语一样复数。e.g.：The boy with his dog is here.小男孩在这儿，还有他的狗也在这儿。 No one but your parents was here.除了你的父母，没人在这里了 Tom,together with Mary and Alice,is going to swim this afternoon.4、 主语由肯定及否定两部分组成时，谓语动词的单数复数问题与肯定部分保持一致。e.g.:Not you but I am to answer for it .对此负责的是我，而不是你。5、并列主语由or,either or ,neithernor ,not onlybut also.连接时，谓语动词常与邻近的主语保持人称和数的一致。（就近原则）6、由some of, plenty of ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of ,the rest of ,all (of) ,half (of) ,分数或百分数+of +名词 等做主语时，谓语动词常与of后面的名词保持人称和数的一致。（这类短语+名词做主语时，谓语动词通常只看后面名词的单数复数）7、there be 句型，遵循就近原则8、在one of +复数名词+who (that,which)引导的定语从句中，从句谓语动词用复数；若one 前有定冠词the (only)等修饰时，从句谓语动词常用单数。e.g.：She is one of the engineers who are experts in German.她是精通德语的工程师中的一个。9、群体名词class,team,family,group,nation,world,government等做主语时，如果强调整体，谓语用单数；如果强调个体成员时，谓语用复数。10、定冠+形容词或分词 表示一类人时，动词用复数；若表示某一抽象概念，动词用单数。e.g.：The old are taken good care of .老年人被照顾得很好 The beautiful gives pleasure to all.美丽给所有人带来欢乐。11、单复数同形的名词做主语时，谓语动词的单数复数和该主语具体所指代的单数复数有关。（单复数同形的名词有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works等）12、在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数和它后面的主语的数保持一致。13、不定代词 all,more,most,some,any,none,做主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。e.g.：All of the apples are rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple is rotten .整个苹果都烂了。14、“he rest of /half of /part of /majority of /percent of /one third of +名词”做主语时 ，谓语动词与of 后面的名词保持一致。e.g.：Half of the students have done their homework. Half of the fruit is bad.一半儿的水果坏了15、 “ lot of /lots of /plen