常用英文数学式符号的读法.pdf

常用英文数学式常用英文数学式 符号的读法符号的读法 Pronunciation of Numerals 数词的读法 1 Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数 1 100 以内的数词 基数 序数 Roman Arabic Numerals Numerals 罗马数字罗马数字 阿拉伯数字阿拉伯数字 读法读法 数码数码 读法读法 I 1 one 1st the first II 2 two 2nd the second III 3 three 3rd the third IV 4 four 4th the fourth V 5 five 5th the fifth VI 6 six 6th the sixth VII 7 seven 7th the seventh VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth IX 9 nine 9th the ninth X 10 ten 10th the tenth XI 11 eleven 11th the eleventh XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth XIX 19 nineteen 19th the nineteenth XX 20 twenty 20th the twentieth XXI 21 twenty one 21st the twenty first XXV 25 twenty five 25th the twenty fifth XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth LXXX 80 eighty 80th the eightieth XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth IC 99 ninety nine 99th the ninety ninth C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth CII 102 a hundred and two 102nd the one hundred and second CD 400 D 500 DCCCLXXXVIII 888 M 1 000 MCD 1 400 MDCCCXCIX 1 899 MCM 1 900 MCMXCII 1 992 MMMDCCCLXXXVIII 3 888 V 5 000 X 10 000 L 50 000 C 100 000 D 500 000 M 1 000 000 附注 拼写规则 罗马数字共有 7 个 即 I 1 V 5 X 10 L 50 C 100 D 500 M 1000 按照下述 的规则可以表示任意正整数 重复数次 1 个罗马数字重复几次 就表示这个数的几倍 右加左减 o 在一个较大的罗马数字的右边记上一个较小的罗马数字 表示大数字加小数 字 o 在一个较大的罗马数字的左边记上一个较小的罗马数字 表示大数字减小数 字 o 但是 左减不能跨越一个位数 比如 99 不可以用 IC 表示 而是用 XCIX 表示 等同于阿拉伯数字每位数字分别表示 例如 999 900 90 9 CM XC IX CMXCIX o 此外 左减数字不能超过 1 位 比如 8 写成 VIII 而非 IIX o 同理 右加数字不能超过 3 位 比如 14 写成 XIV 而非 XIIII 加线乘千 在 1 个罗马数字的上方加上 1 条横线或者在右下方写 M 表示将这个数 乘以 1000 即是原数的 1000 倍 o 同理 如果上方有 2 条横线 即是原数的 1000000 倍 例外 由于 IV 是古罗马神话主神朱庇特 IVPITER 古罗马字母没有 J 和 U 的首 字 因此有时用 IIII 代替 IV 2 1000 以上的数词 1 000 one thousand 一千 10 000 ten thousand 一万 100 000 one hundred thousand 十万 1 000 000 one million 一百万 10 000 000 ten million 一千万 100 000 000 one hundred million 一亿 3 十亿以上的大数 英美有不同的读法 英国 美国 十亿 one thousand million one billion 百亿 ten thousand million ten billion 千亿 one hundred thousand million one hundred billion 万亿 one billion one trillion 2 Fractions 分数 通常将分子读为基数 将分母读为序数 1 2 a or one half 1 3 a or one third 1 4 a quarter or one fouth 1 5 a or one fifth 2 3 two thirds 9 10 nine tenths 53 4 five and three quarters 15 64 fifteen over or by sixty four 15 fifteen per cent 4 four per mill 3 Decimals 小数 0 4 zero or nought point four 01 point or decimal nought one 12 34 twelve point three four 567 809 five hundred and sixty seven point eight nought nine 30 45 thirty point four five five recurring 0 3 decimal three percent 4 Mathematic Forms 数学式 1 Addition 加法 1 2 3 One and two are three 2 3 5 Two plus three equals five 4 0 4 Four and nought is equal to four 45 70 152 267 45 70 and 152 added are or make 267 the sum or total is 267 演算时的读法 Three and seven are ten I write or I write down or I put down a nought and carry one Four and one that I carry are five and eight make thirteen and three sixteen I write down six and carry one One and one that I carry are two I put down two The sum or total or the result of the addition is two hundred and sixty 37 80 and 143 added together and or make 260 2 Subtraction 减法 9 4 5 Nine minus four equals or is equal to five 15 7 8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight 23 654 8 175 15 479 8 175 take or subtracted from 23 654 leaves 15 479 The difference or The remainder is 15 479 Nine from five won t go 演算时的读法 Nought from nought leaves nought One from one leaves nought or nothing Two from three leaves one I can t take or subtract five from four I must borrow ten five from fourteen leaves nine The difference or The remainder is nine thousand one hundred 5210 take or substracted from 14 310 leaves 9 100 3 Multiplication 乘法 1 0 0 One multiplied by nought equals nought 1 1 1 Once one is one 2 1 2 Twice one is two 3 5 15 Three times five is fifteen 6 0 0 Multiply six by nothing and the result is nothing 演算时的读法 Five times nine or Nine multiplied by five are forty five I put down five and carry four Five times seven are thirty five and four that I carry are thirty nine I write down nine and carry three Five times six make thirty and three that I carry thirty three I put down thirty three Eight times nine or Eight nine are seven two I write two and carry seven Eight sevens make fifty six and seven are sixty three I put down three and carry six Eight sixes make forty eight and six fifty four I write down fifty four I now add the partial results or products Five Two and nine are eleven Three and three are six and one are seven Four and three make seven Five 4 Division 除法 9 3 3 Nine divided by three maks or is equal to three 20 5 4 Five into twenty goes four times 4567 23 198 余 13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times and 13 remainder The quctient is 198 and 13 remainder 演算时的读法 Fifteen into thirteen won t go fifteen into one hundred and thirty eight goes nine times nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty five one hundred and thirty five from one hundred and thirty eight leaves three I bring down seven fifteen into thirty seven goes twice twice fifteen are thirty thirty from thirty seven leaves seven The exact quotient is ninety two and seven remainder 15 into 1387 goes 92 times and 7 remainder 5 Time 时间 1 Hours 钟点 2h 5 8 two hours five minutes eight seconds 2 小时 5 分 8 秒 6 18 six eighteen 6 时 18 分 8 30 a m eight thirty a m ei em 上午 8 时 30 分 the 6 05 p m train the six nought five p m pi em train 下午 6 时零 5 分列车 又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下 0900 0 nine hunderd 上午 9 时 0910 0 nine ten 上午 9 时 10 分 1300 thirteen hundred 13 时 下午 1 时 1525 fifteen twenty five 15 时 25 分 下午 3 时 25 分 2000 twenty hundred 20 时 下午 8 时 at 5 o c at five o clock 五点钟 2 Date 日期 Oct 1 October first 10 月 1 日 Oct 1st October the first 10 月 1 日 Ist Oct 1949 teh first of October nineteen forty nine 1949 年 10 月 1 日 3 5 英 May the third 5 月 3 日 美 March fifth 3 月 5 日 附注 联系日期前置词用 on 3 Year 年份 684 B C Six eighty four B C bi si 公元前 684 年 1960 nineteen sixty nineteen hundred and sixty 19 nineteen something 1950 s nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代 附注 联系年份的前置词用 in 6 Numbers 号码 1 Telephones Numbers 电话号码 1023 one O two three ten twenty three 1227 one double two or two two seven 0386 O three eight six 0096 double O or O O nine six 7000 seven O double O seven thousand No 26 Number 26 第 26 号 Room 201 Room two O one 第 201 房间 10 Changan Street Ten Changan Street 长安街 10 号 2 Writings 书籍作品 Vol I Volume one or the first volume 卷一 Chap II Chapter two or the second chapter 第 2 章 Page 3 page Three or the third page 第 3 页 See pp 5 10 See Pages five to ten 见第 5 10 页 Act V Act five or the fifth act 第 5 幕 Hamlet III 1 56 Hamlet Act Three Secene One Line fifty six 哈姆雷特 第 3 幕第一场 第 56 行 Matt 7 12 Matthew Chapter Seven Verse Twelve 马可福音 第七章第 12 节 Beethoven Op 49 Beethoven Opus forty nine 贝多芬作品第 49 号 4to quarto 四本开 8vo octavo 八本开 3 Other 其他 World War I World War One 第一次世界大战 World War II World War Two 第二次世界大战 Charles I Charles the First 查理一世 Henry V Henry the Fifth 亨利五世 Mr Mr Dash Mr So and so 某某先生 Mr B Mr B Esq of the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生 the town of the town of Blank 某某城 The result of the game was 3 0 比赛结果是三比零 7 Money 货币 1 British currency 英币 6d six pence 六便士 1 2d a halfpenny 半便士 11 2d a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence 一便士半 1 4d a farthing 一个铜元 33 4d three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元 1s 6d or 1 6 one shilling and six pence 一先令六便士 1 18 or 1 18s one pound eighteen shillings 一镑十八先令 1 3s 6d one pound three shillings and sixpence 4 51 2 or4s 51 2d four shillings and five pence halfpenny 2 U S currency 美金一元二角 five cents 美金四元二角五分 3 Soviet currency 前苏联币 6 Rb 15 six roubles fifteen kopecks 六卢布十五戈比 4 German currency 德币 1 m 60 one mark sixty pfennig 马克六十芬尼 5 French currency 法国币 1 fr 30 one franc thirty centimes 法郎三十生丁 0 fr 15 fifteen centimes 十五生丁 6 Chinese People s Currency 人民币 一元五角 JMP 10 35 JMP ten yuan thirty five fen 人民币十元三角五分 附注 yuan 单复数没有变化 也可作为日本本位币 圆 的符号 8 Weight and Measures 度量衡 1 length area and volume 长度 面积和容积 3 in three inches 三英寸 15 ft 5 in fifteen foot five inches 十五英尺五英寸 附注 尤其在 inches 省略时 ft 读作 foot 如果 inches 也念出来 ft 可以读作 fett 18 6 5 1 eighteen foot six and a fifth inches 10 8feet ten by eight feet 十英尺长 八英尺宽 5 4 31 2 five inches by four by three and a half 长五英寸 宽四英寸 高三英寸半 附注 以上二例中 乘号 表示面积或容积 2 Weight 重量 12 dr 23 gr Twelve drams twenty three grains 十二打兰二十三喱 10 oz 4 dr Ten ounces four drams 十盎司打兰 3 Capacity 容量 3 gi three gills 三及耳 1 qt 1 pt one quart one pint 一夸脱一品脱 附注 qt pt 的复数是 qts pts 也可以不加 s 20 gal 5 qt Twenty gallons five quarts 二十加仑五夸脱 5 bu 3 pk Five bushels three pecks 五蒲式耳三配克 符号的英文读法 period 句号 is approximately equal to 约等于号 comma 逗号 is less than 小于号 colon 冒号 is more than 大于号 semicolon 分号 is not less than 不小于号 exclamation 惊叹号 is not more than 不大于号 question mark 问号 is less than or equal to 小于或等于号 hyphen 连字符 is more than or equal to 大于或等于号 apostrophe 省略号 所有格符号 per cent 百分之 dash 破折号 per mill 千分之 single quotation marks 单引号 infinity 无限大号 double quotation marks 双引号 varies as 与 成比例 parentheses 圆括号 square root 平方根 square brackets 方括号 since because 因为 French quotes 法文引号 书名号 hence 所以 ellipsis 省略号 equals as proportion 等于 成比例 tandem colon 双点号 angle 角 ditto 双点号 semicircle 半圆 parallel 双线号 circle 圆 virgule 斜线号 circumference 圆周 ampersand and pi 圆周率 swung dash 代字号 triangle 三角形 section division 分节号 perpendicular to 垂直于 arrow 箭号 参见号 union of 并 合集 plus 加号 正号 intersection of 交 通集 minus 减号 负号 the integral of 的积分 plus or minus 正负号 sigma summation of 总和 is multiplied by 乘号 degree 度 is divided by 除号 minute 分 is equal to 等于号 second 秒 is not equal to 不等于号 number 号 is equivalent to 全等于号 Celsius system 摄氏度 is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号 at 单价 R R prime R R double prime R second prime R1 R sub one 100 C one hundred degrees Centigrade plus positive minus negative multiplied by times divided by plus or minus is equal to equals o is identically equal to is approximately equal to round brackets parentheses square brackets braces a b a is much greater than b a3 b a is greater than or equal to b a b a varies directly as b lognX logX to the base n the cubic root of x the nth root of x x2 x square x squared the square of x Xn X to n factors the nth power of x x to the power n x 8 x to the minus eighth power x the absolute value of x the mean value of X the sum of the terms indicated summation of D x or d x the increment of x dx differential x dy dx the first derivative of y with respect to x integral infinity 1 2 a half one half 2 3 two thirds 5 123 five over a hundred and twenty three eight and three over fourths eight and three quarters 0 01 O point O one zero point zero one nought point nought one 6 6 percent 3 3 per mille 2 3 the ratio of two to three r xd r equals x multiplied by d 5 2 10 five times two equals ten x3 8 y2 x raised to the third power divided by eight equals y squared a b c d e f a plus b minus c multiplied by d all divided by e equals f y Wt W x y equals W sub t minus W over x 幂次方通常用 power 表示 例如 10 的 7 次方 the seventh power of ten 或 ten to the seventh power 任何一个数都可以表示成 X 乘以 10 的 Y 次方 即 X times the Yth 或根据情况改为 nd rd power of ten a 的平方 a square or a squared a 的立方 a cube or b cubed a 的 4 次方 a to the fourth a 的 1 次方 a to the minus one log a common logarithm ln a natural logarithm f a the function of a a the absolute value of a sin sine cos cosine tan tangent ctg cotangent sec secant csc cosecant n the factorial of n 公理 axiom 定理 theorem 计算 calculation 运算 operation 证明 prove 假设 hypothesis hypotheses pl 命题 proposition 算术 arithmetic 加 plus prep add v addition n 被加数 augend summand 加数 addend 和 sum 减 minus prep subtract v subtraction n 被减数 minuend 减数 subtrahend 差 remainder 乘 times prep multiply v multiplication n 被乘数 multiplicand faciend 乘数 multiplicator 积 product 除 divided by prep divide v division n 被除数 dividend 除数 divisor 商 quotient 等于 equals is equal to is equivalent to 大于 is greater than 小于 is lesser than 大于等于 is equal or greater than 小于等于 is equal or lesser than 运算符 operator 数字 digit 数 number 自然数 natural number 整数 integer 小数 decimal 小数点 decimal point 分数 fraction 分子 numerator 分母 denominator 比 ratio 正 positive 负 negative 零 null zero nought nil 十进制 decimal system 二进制 binary system 十六进制 hexadecimal system 权 weight significance 进位 carry 截尾 truncation 四舍五入 round 下舍入 round down 上舍入 round up 有效数字 significant digit 无效数字 insignificant digit 代数 algebra 公式 formula formulae pl 单项式 monomial 多项式 polynomial multinomial 系数 coefficient 未知数 unknown x factor y factor z factor 等式 方程式 equation 一次方程 simple equation 二次方程 quadratic equation 三次方程 cubic equation 四次方程 quartic equation 不等式 inequation 阶乘 factorial 对数 logarithm 指数 幂 exponent 乘方 power 二次方 平方 square 三次方 立方 cube 四次方 the power of four the fourth power n 次方 the power of n the nth power 开方 evolution extraction 二次方根 平方根 square root 三次方根 立方根 cube root 四次方根 the root of four the fourth root n 次方根 the root of n the nth root 集合 aggregate 元素 element 空集 void 子集 subset 交集 intersection 并集 union 补集 complement 映射 mapping 函数 function 定义域 domain field of definition 值域 range 常量 constant 变量 variable 单调性 monotonicity 奇偶性 parity 周期性 periodicity 图象 image 数列 级数 series 微积分 calculus 微分 differential 导数 derivative 极限 limit 无穷大 infinite a infinity n 无穷小 infinitesimal 积分 integral 定积分 definite integral 不定积分 indefinite integral 有理数 rational number 无理数 irrational number 实数 real number 虚数 imaginary number 复数 complex number 矩阵 matrix 行列式 determinant 几何 geometry 点 point 线 line 面 plane 体 solid 线段 segment 射线 radial 平行 parallel 相交 intersect 角 angle 角度 degree 弧度 radian 锐角 acute angle 直角 right angle 钝角 obtuse angle 平角 straight angle 周角 perigon 底 base 边 side 高 height 三角形 triangle 锐角三角形 acute triangle 直角三角形 right triangle 直角边 leg 斜边 hypotenuse 勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem 钝角三角形 obtuse triangle 不等边三角形 scalene triangle 等腰三角形 isosceles triangle 等边三角形 equilateral triangle 四边形 quadrilateral 平行四边形 parallelogram 矩形 rectangle 长 length 宽 width 菱形 rhomb rhombus rhombi pl diamond 正方形 square 梯形 trapezoid 直角梯形 right trapezoid 等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid 五边形 pentagon 六边形 hexagon 七边形 heptagon 八边形 octagon 九边形