新编英语教程5 Unit 6 Dictionary Work.doc

Unit Six Preparing for CollegeDictionary Work1. driving motivedriving: (adj.) 1.having a strong and controlling influence E.g. a driving ambition 不断前进的进取心 2. ( of rain or snow ) falling and being blown by the wind with great force E.g. driving rain 倾盆大雨 (n.) the control and operation of a motor vehicle E.g. driving license 驾驶执照motive:(n.)C that which causes sb to act in a particular way; reason (行动的)动机，缘由 E.g. Your motive for doing something is your reason for doing it. driving motive: the reason which forces sb to act in a particular way In the text: Their own driving motives were, so far as I could make out, not curiosity; E.g. In other words, the reason for following strategy is the driving motive of seeking for and sustaining competitive advantage. 换言之，遵循战略的原因正是追寻及保持竞争优势的驱动力。2. the rudiments ru:dimnts(n.) 1. the most basic or essential facts of a particular subjects ,skill , etc.基础知识;入门知识;基本原理 In the text: the barest rudiments of a school educationE.g. When you learn the rudiments of something, you learn the simplest or most essential things about it. E.g. He has just learned the rudiments of Chinese. 他学汉语刚刚入门。 2.雏形the rudiments of reasoned thinking 理性思考的雏形。 3.Biology an undeveloped or immature part or organ 发育不完全的器官，（尤指）退化的器官Derivative: (adj.) rudimentary E.g. rudimentary knowledge基础知识synonym：basics 3. metaphysics metfiziks(n.)UC 玄学;形而上学 Metaphysics is a part of philosophy which is concerned with understanding reality and developing theories about what exists and how we know that it exists. In the text: only more and more questions: science, metaphysics, etc.E.g. Metaphysics is part and parcel of the idealist world outlook. 形而上学是唯心主义世界观的组成部分.Derivative: (adj.) metaphysical 形而上学的，玄学派的4. conscious cultureconscious: (adj.) 1.感觉到的，清醒的 E.g. She spoke to us in her conscious moments. 她神志清醒时跟我们说过话。 2. conscious of sth/that 察觉的，注意到的E.g. He is acutely conscious that this transition will bring with it the risk of social unrest. 他非常清楚这种转变伴随着社会动乱的危险。conscious culture: refers to the culture that we are aware of, the cultures, such as customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular people, or social group, or nation, that is directly perceptible or known to us.In the text: the world of conscious cultureE.g. In our beauty conscious culture, people will go to great lengths to improve their appearance. 在我们这注重美丽的文化氛围中，人们会花费大量时间来改善他们的外貌。5. fanatic fntik(n.) 1. a person who is extremely enthusiastic about sth. 入迷者，狂热者In the text: He was a fanatic of poetry, especially of the classic poets. =He was extremely enthusiastic about poetry.E.g. Both Rod and Phil are football fanatics. 罗德和菲尔两人都是足球迷。2. a person who holds extreme or dangerous opinions 极端分子E.g. I am not a religious fanatic but I am a Christian.我不是个宗教狂热分子，但我是个基督徒。(adj.) filled with or expressing excessive zeal 狂热的 E.g. a fanatic jogger 极喜欢慢跑的人Derivatives: (adj.) fanatical E.g. She is fanatical about keeping fit. 她如痴如醉地重视健美。(n.) fanaticism6. personify p:snifai(v.) 1. to be an example of a quality or characteristic , or to have a lot of it 是的典型；集中表现In the text: It was too great and too various for me to personify with my boyish imitations and heroism. E.g. These children personify all that is wrong with the education system. 这些儿童充分体现了教育制度的缺陷。Synonym: actualize2. to show or think of an object , quality , etc. as a person 拟人化Usage: personify sth.( as sb.)E.g. The river was personified as a goddess. 这条河被人格化为一位女神。Derivative: (n.) personification典型；化身 E.g. the personification of elegance 文雅的典范7. sedentary sednteri(adj.) 1. (of work) done sitting down （指工作）坐着做的 In the text: They developed muscles and a lung capacity which they did not need and could not keep up in the sedentary occupations their scholarship put them into. E.g. a sedentary job 坐着做的工作 2. (of people) spending a lot of time seated （指人）久坐的E.g. lead a sedentary life 过着久坐不动的生活 3.(人或动物) 定居的; 定栖的;不迁徙的 E.g. Pigeons are sedentary birds. 鸽子是一种定居的鸟。8. underline ndlain(vt.) 1. draw a line under ( a word, ect) 在下面画线E.g. Please underline the noun clauses in the passage.请用线画出短文中的名词性从句。 2. reinforce (an attitude, a situation, ect); emphasize加强, 强调In the text: We can only underline your questions, make you mad yourself to answer them.E.g. That article underlined the same problem. 那篇文章强调了同一个问题。E.g. In his speech he underlined several points. 他在讲话中强调了几点。(n.) 1.划在下面的线 E.g. All underline styles will appear as single underline. 各种下划线型将显示为单下划线。2.(戏单下面的)下期节目预告9. balked (adj.)synonym: baffled; frustratedIn the text: And when I looked disappointed and balked, he would roar at me like a demon.balk b:k (v.)1. be reluctant to tackle sth because it is difficult, dangerous, unpleasant, ect 畏缩；回避；不愿从事某事 E.g. He balked his responsibility. 他推卸自己的责任。 E.g. to balk the question 故意回避问题E.g. I wanted to buy the dress, but I balked at the high price. 我本想买这件连衣裙, 但一看价钱太高就犹豫了。 2.deliberately obstruct or prevent (sth) 故意妨碍或阻止（某事物） E.g. to balk ones plan 是某人的计划受挫 3. prevent sb from getting sth 阻止某人获得某事物 E.g. to balk a golden opportunity 让良机溜走了 E.g. They were balked of their prey. 他们受阻捕不到猎物。10. a maddening lotmadden mdn (v.) make (sb) mad; irritate; annoy 使（某人）疯狂；激怒；使恼火 E.g. It maddens me that she was chosen instead of me! 选中了她而没选中我，真把人气死了！maddening mdni (adj.) annoying; irritating 激怒人的；使人恼火的 E.g. Her laziness is quite maddening. 她很懒惰，真气人。lot (n.)C 1.（一）to use lot to refer to a set or group of things or people组；（一）批；（一）群 E.g. Weve just sacked one lot of builders. 我们刚炒掉一批建筑工人。 single 2.to refer to a specific group of people as a particular lot（特定的）（一）类（人） E.g: Future generations are going to think that we were a pretty boring lot. 未来几代人会觉得我们无趣乏味得很。a maddening lot: a crazy and uncontrolled group of peopleIn the text: so I could stay on into the night with his group of friends, a maddening lot of cultivated, conflicting minds. 11. righteous sectsrighteous raits (adj.) doing what is morally right; morally justifiable正直的;正义的;正派的; People sometimes use righteous to express their disapproval when they think someone is only behaving in this way so that others will admire or support them.（有时指）假正经的，道貌岸然的E.g. Arent you afraid of being seen as a righteous crusader? 你不怕被人看作是一个装腔作势的改革者？Derivative: righteousness (n.)E.g. Both sides in the dispute have been adopting a tone of moral righteousness. 纠纷双方说起话来都是冠冕堂皇。righteously (adv.)E.g. They righteously maintain that they do not practise rationing. 他们一本正经地坚称不实行定量配给制度。sect sekt (n.) a group of people who share (esp. religious) beliefs or opinions which differ from those of most people 派别；宗派；（尤指）教派E.g. a minor Christian sect 基督教的一个小教派righteous sects: morally justifiable groups of people whose religious beliefs are considered different from those of a larger group In the text: His favourite thesis was that the Protest