研究生综合英语2(修订版)重点_听写、期末选词、互译全来至于这里.doc

Unit OneText Coping with the ComplimentKey Words and Phrases1. giggle gg()l 咯咯笑，痴笑（尤用于少女） 2. blurt (out) 脱口而出 3. paradox prdks似非而是的隽语; 看似矛盾而实际（或可能）正确的说法 4. inarticulate ,ntkjlt不善言辞的 5. blink眨眼 6. adroit 熟练的；机敏的；灵巧的 7. poise pz自信；自制 8. etiquette etket礼节；礼仪9. bestow bst upon/on 把赠予 10. carry sb. away 使失去自控力；使失去理智 11. well off富裕的；顺利的, 走运的 12. get possession of 拥有13. put ones mind to sth. 潜心做 14. come up with 找到；提出 15. brush sth. off 拒绝；置之不理 16. on the right track 在正轨上的；【喻】以正确方式思考或者行事的17. be inept nept at doing sth. 不擅长做某事 18. fall flat 落空；没有达到预期的效果 19. fall apart四分五裂 20. the chances are (that) 很可能21. vibrate vabret (l.13) 震动，颤动 22. overlook(l.16) 俯瞰，俯视 23. downright (l.21)彻底的，十足的 24. stunning stn (l.33) 极富魅力的，给人印象极深的 25. glowingly gluili(l.54) 热情洋溢地 26. appal(l) pl(l.57) 使惊骇或沮丧，使大吃一惊 27. retort rtt(l.62) 反驳；回嘴 28. verdict (l.73) 意见；评价Useful Expressions:1. cultivate a mustache（L1）蓄胡子2. enhance my distinguished looks (L2) 使我更加气度不凡3. a sickly smile （L19）傻乎乎的笑4. react to sth. with denial and derogation （L32）采取否定和贬低的态度来对待某事5. put his mind to this problem （L42）潜心研究这个问题6. come up with a technique for brushing off praise （L43）想出一个办法来避开别人的表扬7. turn a compliment with a quip （L53）用俏皮话来应对恭维quip kwp n. 妙语；嘲弄；讽刺语8. handle sth. with skill （L63）应对自如9. come off the assembly line （L66）下了生产线assembly sembl n. 装配；集会，集合10. swell out ones chest （L68）挺起胸膛swell swel n. 肿胀；隆起vt. 使膨胀；使隆起11. a stack of books （L76）一摞书12. (be) arranged neatly into two little words （L118）化为两个简洁的小词Sentences1. It is one of the paradoxes of social intercourse that a compliment is much harder to respond to than an insult. (L9) 在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。intercourse ntks n. 性交；交往；交流2. But for every genuinely clever retort there are a thousnad that fall flat. (L61)但是在千百次的应对中才会有一句真正巧妙地应答。genuine denjn adj. 真实的，真正的；诚恳的retort rtt n. 反驳，顶嘴；曲颈瓶vi. 反驳，回嘴3. There is no point in trying to play the game back at them theyll top you in the end, no matter what. (L101)要想回敬他们是没有用的不管说什么，最后他们总会占上风。4. One thing is clear, at the bottom of all graceful social intercourse lies poise. (L103)有一点很清楚：在所有得体的社交场合，最根本的就是保持镇静。5. We may acquire a bit more poise if we keep one thing in mind: whenever a person pays you a compliment, the chances are hes just making conversation. (L115) 如果我们牢记下面这一点，我们就会显得更加镇定自如：每当有人恭维你时，他可能只是想和你说说话。Further Reading The Joy of Giving (Affirmation) The Healing Effect of ComplimentsKey Words and Phrases (从课文后词汇表中选)1. affirm / affirmation 证实；肯定 2. compassionate kmp()nt 富于同情心的 3. disheartening 使人气馁的，令人灰心的 4. commend 表扬；称赞 5. deflated difleitid 气馁的；情绪低落的 6. walk of life 行业；职业；身份 7. fit（活动或感情的）突发；冲动 8. stoop stup 降低自己的道德标准（做某事） 9. verbalize用言语表达（思想或感情） 10. veiled veld掩饰的，隐藏的 11. substantial sbstn()l大量的，可观的 12. outdo超过；胜过 13. seminar semn（专题）研讨会 14. likento比较两事物显示其相像 15. suffice sfas能满足需要；足够 16. futile fjutal 无效的；无用的 17. intriguing ntrig 引起兴趣（或好奇心）的 18. tenacity tnst 坚持；坚韧Sentences1. While the reasons they dont affirm others vary, there are six common assumptions that lead many people to be sparing in giving compliments. (L23)尽管他们不予别人以肯定的原因各不相同，但是人们通常认为有六种想法会导致许多人吝惜自己的赞美之词。assumption sm(p)()n n. 假定；设想；担任；采取sparing sper adj. 节约的；贫乏的；保守的2. Most of us have enough critical self-talk going on within us that we assume others are disappointed in what weve done unless they expressly say otherwise. (L81)我们多数人内心总是对自己百般挑剔，如果别人没有对我们的工作明确表示赞赏，我们就会以为他们对我们所做的一切很失望。self-talk自我对话3. Charlie Shedd has likened our need for affirmation to a tire with a slow leak, which though pumped up at night must be blown up again the next day. (L84)查理谢德曾把我们对获得他人肯定的需求比作是慢慢漏气的车胎，即使晚上充足了气，第二天仍然必须再次给它打气。leak lik n. 泄漏；漏洞，裂缝vt. 使渗漏，泄露pump pmp n. 泵，抽水机；打气筒vt. 打气；用抽水机抽4. I might add that the loss is not only to others spiritual and emotional health but to our own, for some of the greatest joy we can know as Christians comes from the experience of affirming others. (L118)我还会补充说，这一损失不仅会影响到他人的精神和情感健康，而且还会影响到我们自己的，因为作为基督徒，我们知道人生至乐有些就是在赞美他人时所感受到的。spiritual sprtl; -tjl adj. 精神的，心灵的Unit TwoText The Gift of Gift-givingKey Words and Phrases 1. betoken 预示, 表示 2. nicety优美，美好3. ritualistic ,rtulstk仪式的，惯例的4. explicitly明确地，明白地5. canoe独木船6. reciprocity ,resprst互相交换，互惠7. rhetoricretrk华丽的辞藻8. benefactor赞助人9.frivolous frv()ls 不严肃的10.wont 习惯于11.swell非常棒的12.allergy过敏症13.callow kl未成熟的，缺乏经验的14.clich陈词滥调15.fabulous fbjls极好的16.ego自我，自负17.pamper娇惯，宠爱18.altruism ltrz()m 利他主义，无私19.altruist无私的人，利他主义者20.dispense分配，分发21.largess慷慨， 赠品22.philanthropic ,flnrpk 博爱的，慈善的23.donee受赠者24.austere st; - 朴素的，没有装饰的25.charisma krzm魅力26.dime（美元中的）一角27.donor捐赠者28.cynic愤世嫉俗的人29.ironist ar()nst 爱讽刺者，讽刺作家30.out of proportion不相称，不成比例，不合适31.get down to sth.着手做32.paper sth. over 掩饰（问题等）33.do sb. a good turn 帮某人的忙34.wind up 使结束35.measure up 达到标准Useful Expressions:1. Theres a goat in all of us, a stupid, stubborn goat. (L24-25)我们都是些楞头青，既愚笨又倔强。goat gt n. 山羊；替罪羊（美俚）；stubborn stbn adj. 顽固的；顽强的；难处理的2. bear no relation to (L31) 与毫不相干3. turn greedy on sb. (L45) 贪图某人的便宜4. it is governed by rules and regulations; it is under strict social control. (L37-38) 受到条条框框的限制和严格的社会制约5. get down to the real business (L50) 开始认真讨论正事6. penetrate to ones heart and give it its desire (L70-71) 猜透某人的心思，让他（她）心满意足7. drop numerous hints (L82) 屡屡暗示8. have the nerve to do sth. (L131) 有勇气做某事9. Theres precious little genuine altruism in the world. (L133) 世上真正的利他主义难能可贵。10.give up a great deal in the way of material comfort (L175-176) 放弃了许多物质享受11. Im more of an ironist. (L185-186) 我更像个冷嘲者。12. unwilling to take anything at face value (L187-188) 对任何东西都不愿信以为真Sentences1. To my credit, Im normally more perspicacious about the gifts I give, and less of a show-off. (L26-27)我引以为荣的是，我通常送礼还是比较有眼光的，不太张扬.perspicacious ,pspkes adj. 有洞察力的；聪颖的；敏锐的2.“An honorable benefactor never thinks on the good turn he does,” wrote Seneca nearly two thousand years ago. (L54-56) 两千年前，塞内加曾写道：“可敬之施主从不考虑其善行”。3None of the above, however, caught my interest; that belonged to Cesar Chavez, whom I met on the ninth day of his famous fast as he lay in his austere room in the farm-workerscenter in Delano, California, watching the sunlight fade. 然而，上述之事全然没有引起我的兴趣，我的兴趣在于塞扎夏维兹。我们见面的那天，正值他著名的绝食第九日。当时他躺在加州德拉诺农场工人中心自己那间陋室里观赏落日余晖。 4. We want to give; beneath the neuroses, the compulsions, the fears, anxieties, desires, the self-pity, we harbor generous impulses, spontaneous warmth. (L190-192) 我们愿意奉献；在神经官能症、不自主的冲动、恐惧、焦虑、欲望以及自怜的背后，我们也怀有慷慨的冲动和自发的热忱。compulsion kmpl()n n. 强制；强迫；强制力5. As long as we dont deceive ourselves and imagine we dont want anything back when we all do theres no danger of feeling the kind of unacknowledged disappointment over unacknowledged expectations that does turn people cynical. (L215-219) 只要我们不欺骗自己，在期待回报时想象我们不“图”回报，就不必顾虑期待落空造成的莫名失望会令人玩世不恭。Further Reading The Joy of Giving (Affirmation) The Healing Effect of ComplimentsKey Words and Phrases (从课文后词汇表中选)1. devalue 贬值 2. publicist 宣传人员 3. flea 跳蚤 4. assorted 各种各样混杂的，什锦的 5. tycoon takun（企业界）大亨 Typhoon n. 气象 台风6. bracelet breslt 手镯 7. tramp trmp流浪汉 8. trek 长途跋涉 9. fictitious fkts 虚构的 10. beat sb. down 击败某人 11. tact 老练，圆滑12. harassment骚扰，烦恼 13. wholemeal 全麦的 14. matchmaking 做媒Sentences1. We need to claim the word back this Christmas. (L11) 今年的圣诞我们需要给礼物这个词正名。2. Perhaps it has become suspect because of the tales of over-the-top generosity sometimes told in gossip about the very rich. (L21-23) 有时街头巷尾有些关于巨富过分慷慨的故事，这或许是使人对慷慨生疑的原因。suspect sspekt n. 嫌疑犯adj. 可疑的；不可信的vi. 怀疑；猜想3. Nearer home, I loved the stories collected in memory of Katie Sullivan, the 23-year-old mental home care assistant who was murdered last year. (L40-42) 家乡附近我喜爱听为纪念凯蒂沙利文所收集的那些故事, 她是一位精神病院的护理员，去年被谋杀时才23岁。4. He even remembered to age the ink by putting it over a radiator, and made a few dogears and faint pencil-marks against what he thought might be significant passages.(L57-60) 他甚至没有忘记把书在电热器上烤一烤使墨迹看上去比较陈旧，把书的边角折了几处，并在他认为重要的段落旁边模糊地用铅笔作了一些记号。faint fent adj. 模糊的；头晕的；衰弱的vi. 昏倒；变得微弱；变得没气力5. And if you do happen to be of the type who networks professionally, and gives power dinner-parties, it would be a generous thing to remember sometimes to invite younger people in the field, who are looking for jobs or contacts or merely for stimulation and inspiration. (L113-117) 如果你碰巧善于职业方面的联络，而且常举办一些有权势者参加的宴会，那么，有时候记着把一些正在找工作、找门路或者只是为了寻找激励和灵感的年轻人邀入圈内，将不失为一种慷慨之举。stimulation ,stmjlen n. 刺激；激励，鼓舞Unit FourUseful Expressions1 withhold treatment (L. 3) 停止治疗 withhold whld vt. 保留，不给；隐瞒；抑制2 immediate family (L16) 直系亲属3 set out some of the relevant arguments (L 21) 提出相关的论点relevant relv()nt adj. 有关的；中肯的；有重大作用的4 active euthanasia is actually preferable to passive euthanasia, rather than the reverse. (L39-41) 积极安乐死比消极安乐死更可取，而不是相反。 reverse rvs n. 背面；相反；倒退；失败adj. 反面的；颠倒的vt. 颠倒；倒转5 Most of these babies are otherwise healthy. (L49-50) 这些孩子中的大多数在其他方面都是健康的。6 fight off death (L60) 打败死神7 put the point in the clearest possible way (L80) 尽可能清楚地表明观点8 This is where the mistake comes in (L184) 这就是错误出现的来源9 So one learns to think of killing in a much worse light than of letting die. (L199-200)所以我们学会了将杀害这一行为想得比让人死亡要坏许多。10 be to blame for what he had done (L239) 因为他的行为而受到谴责11 that has no practical bearing on their own work (L260-261) 对他们自己的工作没有任何实际影响12 give something added authority and weight (L284) 给予附加的权威和分量Key Words and Phrases 1. euthanasia 安乐死2. cessation 中止，停止3. syndrome症状，综合症4. obstruction阻碍，阻碍物5. patently明显地，显然地6. perversion反常行为7. appraisal评价，估价8. set out陈述，阐明9. set foot in进入，踏上10. account for说明，解释11. in a light从角度看12. be subject to从属于13. have a bearing on对有影响14. go along with赞成，统一15. discriminate between区别，区分More Key Words from the text16. withhold (L3) v. 抑制，制止，隐瞒17. doctrine dktrn (L5) n. 教旨，规定18. endorse nds; (L6) v.认可19. imminent(L15) a. 逼近的，即将发生的20. alleviate livet (L25) v. 减轻21. lethal li()l (37) a. 致命的22. salvageable slvidbl (L61) a. 可挽救的 23. wither w (L66) v.（使）枯萎，凋谢24. ordeal dil （L67）n.苦难，折磨25. sneak (L128) v. 潜行，偷偷走26. reprehensible (L145) a. 应该受到谴责的27. contention （L209）n.所持的论点28. coerce ks(L267) v. 强迫Sentences1. The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent is the decision of the patient and / or his immediate family. (L13-16) 当发现有毋庸置疑的迹象表明病人的生物性死亡正在步步逼近时，是否停止使用特别方式来延长躯体的生命史由病人和/或他的直系亲属来决定的。cessation sese()n n. 停止；中止；中断irrefutable refjtb()l; ,rfju- adj. 不能驳倒的；不能回答的2. To say otherwise is to endorse the option that leads to more suffering rather than less, and is contrary to the humanitarian impulse that prompts the decision not to prolong his life in the first place. (L41-44) 否则，就变成了认可那些会导致更多痛苦的做法，而不是赞成减轻痛苦，这就与起先促使他们作出不要延长病人生命这一决定的人道主义推动力有所矛盾了。3. The fact that this idea leads to such results as deciding life or death on irrelevant grounds is another good reason why the doctrine should be rejected. (L109-112) 这一想法导致根据无关的理由来决定生死，这个事实是应该否定这一规定的另一个重要理由。4. It is important that the cases be exactly alike, except for this one difference, since otherwise one cannot be confident that it is this difference and not some other that accounts for any variation in the assessments of the two cases. (L121-125) 重要的一点是：除了这一差异之外，两个案例完全一样，否则我们就不能坚信是这一差异而不是其他对这两个案例在评估上的任何变化负有责任了。variation vere()n n. 变化；生物 变异，变种assessment sesmnt n. 评定；估价5. it is very easy to conflate the question of whether killing is, in itself, worse than letting die, with the very different question of whether most actual cases of killing are more reprehensible than most actual cases of letting die. (L190-194) 很容易将是否杀害本身比让某人死亡更糟的问题，与是否大多数杀害的实际案例比让人死亡的案例更应该受到谴责这一完全不同的问题混为一谈。conflate knflet vt. 合并；异文合并reprehensible ,reprhensb()l adj. 应斥责的；应该谴责的Further Reading In Crisis, She Rejected Plea to Expedite DyingKey Words and Phrases (从课文后词汇表中选)expedite ekspdat 加速，加快sleigh sle雪橇fraternal frtn()l 兄弟般的triplet trplt 三胞胎中的一个hypothetical ,hapetk()l 假设的affirmative fmtv肯定的，正面的stalk stk 偷偷地跟踪Sentences1. Suddenly, and apparently without stimulus or prompting, Elisabeth felt a deep and inexplicable concern about her mothers well-being. (L. 11) 突然间，伊丽莎白分明没有任何的刺激，却突然无缘无故地为母亲的健康状况感到莫名的深深焦虑。stimulus stmjls n. 刺激；激励；刺激物inexplicable ,nksplkb()l; adj. 费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的2. Mother and daughter sat through a long silence and watched shadows move like ragged fingers across the green valleys far below. (L. 34) 母女俩坐在那里，久久不语。如手指般参差不齐的阴影在苍翠的深谷里移动。3. In the unlikely event that her mother did in fact become physically incapable, all that she could promise was that she would help her to live until she died. (L. 60) 如果不可能的事情真的发生了，母亲真的失去生活能力，她能够保证的便是她会帮她支撑到生命的最后一刻。4. There were times, she was obliged to admit, when it was wrong to keep someone alivebut such a time would only occur when a patient was clearly beyond medical help, when organs were kept functioning only with machines. （L. 74）有些时候，她也被迫承认非要维持一个人的生命是错误的，但只有当病人的确是无药可救，而且身体器官只有在机器的帮助下才能运转的时候，坚持维持生命才是错误。Unit EightText The Art of PleasingA Letter of His SonKey Words & Useful Expressions:1. be reduced to rules (L4) 被归纳成为几条规则2. company (L12)3. tedious (L16) tids 4. by chance (L16)5. exceedingly (L17)6. affectedly (L27)7. good-humor (L36)8. propriety (L39)9. give merit to a word (L45) 看重一个词10. offensive (L51)11. endeavor indev(L59)12. predominant (L59) prdmnnt adj. 主要的；卓越的；支配的；有力的；有影响的13. prevailing (L60) prvel adj. 流行的；一般的，最普通的；占优势的；盛行很广的v. 盛行，流行（prevail的现在分词形式）；获胜14. do justice to sth. (L61)公平对待；使的价值充分发挥；适当处理15. excel in sth. (L63)16. vanity (L69)n. 虚荣心；空虚；浮华；无价值的东西17. penetration (L88)18. gross (L92)19. make amends for sth. (L96) 弥补20. engaging (L100)21. elaborate (L101)22. be obliged to sb. for sth. (L104)23. vice (L109) vasprep. 代替n. 恶习；缺点；机 老虎钳；卖淫adj. 副的；代替的24. indulgence ndld()ns n. 嗜好；放纵；纵容；沉溺25. with regard to (L115)26. indulge sb. in sth. (L117)indulge ndld vi. 沉溺；满足；放任27. be inseparable from (L121)28. have an aversion to sth. (L130) 讨厌29. initiation (L136) ,nen n. 启蒙，传授；开始；入会30. pay the price (L137)31. grudge (L138) n. 怨恨；恶意；妒忌vt. 怀恨；吝惜；妒忌；不情愿做32. complaisance 殷勤，讨好33. banish 驱逐，消除34. egotism 自大，自负35. impertinent mptnnt粗鲁的，无礼的36. infallibly inflbli 绝对无误的37. err 犯错38. preamble 序言39. relator 叙述者40. incense 香，奉承41. gallantry 殷勤（通常指男对女的）42. deform 使变形43. counterbalance 抵消，使平衡44. studied 故意的，计划好的45. abhor 憎恶，痛恨46. antipathy 反感，憎恶47. genteel 文雅的，有教养的48. aversion 厌恶之情49. depend upon it 毫无疑问50. draw out 脱口而出51. do justice to sb. 公正对待某人52. make amends for 补偿某人53. tedious tids (L16) adj. 冗长乏味的，使人厌烦的54. clamor klm (L33) n. 喧嚣声55. propriety (L39) n.合适56. insipid (L50) adj.没有趣味的57. abject (L109) adj.卑下的，自卑的58. arcanum kenm (L135) n.奥秘，秘密59. adieu dju (L139) n.告别，再见Sentences1. If you are pleased with the complaisance and attention of others to your humors, your tastes, or your weaknesses, depend upon it, the same complaisance and attention on your part to theirs will equally please them. (L8-L12)如果别人对你的幽默、情趣或嗜好所给予的恭维和关注令你高兴，那么毫无疑问，你对他们的幽默、情趣或嗜好给予同样的恭维和关注也同样会令他们高兴。2. The particular characters, the habits, the cant of one company may give merit to a word, or a gesture, which would have none at all if divested of those accidental circumstances. (L44-L47)某个圈子中的人物、习惯和惯用语可能会看重某个词、某个手势，但离开了那些特定的场合，它们就可能变得毫无价值。3. There are little attentions, likewise, which are infinitely engaging, and which sensibly affect that degree of pride and self-love, which is inseparable from human nature, as they are unquestionable proofs of the regard and consideration which we have for the persons to whom we pay them. (L119-L123)于细微处见关怀，同样也是极其动人的，因为它毫无疑问证明了我们对被关怀者是关心和体谅的，这种关怀明显会影响一个人自尊、自恋的程度，这也是人之常情。Further Reading Why I Am Afraid of You?A Letter to His FatherKey Words and Phrases (从课文后词汇表中选)1.for all that虽然如此，尽管2.frantic frntk 疯狂的，狂乱的3.run sb./sth. down诋毁4.dogmatic dgmtk 教条的5.antagonistic n,tg()nstk对抗的，敌意的6.brute brut 残暴的人7.grave肉汁8.defiant dfant 公然反抗的，挑衅的9.groove gruv 漕，细长的水沟10.barrow br （卖水果等的）手推车11.deprivation deprve()n 剥夺，贫困12.ingratitude ngrttjud忘恩负义的13.covertly kvtli秘密的14.shred red细条，碎片15.emulation ,emjlen 竞争，好胜心Sentences1. As usual, I was unable to think of any answer to your question, partly for the very reason that I am afraid of you, and partly because an explanation of the grounds for this fear would mean going into far more details than I could even approximately keep in mind while talking. (L. 2)和往常一样，我无法回答您的问题，部分原因正是因为我怕您，部分原因则是因为要解释这份害怕我必须谈到太多细节，而这些细节我实在无法记得清楚。2. And it is characteristic that even today you really only encourage me in anything when you yourself are involved in it, when what is at