库存控制.ppt

1 InventoryManagement Lec 5 1 LiuJinpingTransportationManagmentCollegeDalianMaritimeUniversityEmail tojinping 2 Outline NewwordsTermsWhatisinventory WhyIsInventoryRequired SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyKeyInventorydecisionsABCInventoryclassification 3 NewWords inventory stock库存warehousing仓储Work in process在制品finishedgoods产成品spareparts维修配件safetystock安全库存inventoryturnover库存周转returnonassess资产回报率inventorycarrying holdingcost库存持有成本backorder延期交货定单 4 Anitemisasingletypeofproductwhichiskeptinstock itisoneentryintheinventory 产品项 orSKU stockkeepingunit 库存持有单位 Orproductline Terms Aunitisthestandardsizeorquantityofastockitem 5 Terms Stockavailability 可得性 可获得性 isthecapabilitytohaveinventorywhendesiredbyacustomer Isthemostcommonmeasurementofcustomerserviceandinventory Isusuallydefinedaspercentinstockinsomebaseunit order productline dollar e g 98 从客户的角度还可叫订单满足率 Orderfillrate Orderleadtime 订单前置时间 orOrdercycle 订单周期 Theorderleadtimetraditionallyincludesonlythoseactivitiesthatoccurfromthetimeanorderisplacedtothetimeitisreceivedbythecustomer Terms E marketplaceExtranets 外特网 E mail EDI PhoneFax Post Verify checkorderCreditcheckingCheckinventoryavailabilityPreparingshippingdocuments OrOrderpicking FromorderisplacedonthevehicleTilltheorderisreceivedandunloaded 7 Whatisinventory Differencebetweeninventory warehousing 8 Byproductionprocess Rawmaterial work in process FinishedGoods Whatisinventory 9 Inventoryrefersto Whatisinventory rawmaterial work in process finishedproductsrequiredforthecreationofcompanies goodsandservices also thenumberofunitsand orvalueofthestockofgoodsacompanyholds 10 Outline NewwordsTermsWhatisinventory WhyIsInventoryRequired SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyKeyInventorydecisionsABCInventoryclassification 11 Whydocompaniesholdinventory 12 Outline NewwordsTermsWhatisinventory WhyIsInventoryRequired SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyKeyInventorydecisionsABCInventoryclassification WhyIsInventoryRequired WhyIsInventoryRequired ShorterproductlifecyclesMorecompetingproducts Uncertaintyincustomerdemand Uncertaintyinsupplies QuantityQualitySuppliercostDeliverytime Deliveryleadtimes Incentivesforlargershipments SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicy Replenishmentleadtime SupplychainFactors differentproducts Lengthoftheplanninghorizon costs Servicelevelrequirements Estimationofcustomerdemand OrdercostInventoryholdingcost SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicy 1 Estimationofcustomerdemand2 Replenishmentleadtime3 Thenumberofdifferentproductsbeingconsidered4 Thelengthoftheplanninghorizon5 CostsOrdercost ProductcostTransportationcostInventoryholdingcost orinventorycarryingcost Statetaxes propertytaxes andinsuranceoninventoriesMaintenancecosts 维护成本 Obsolescencecost 过时成本 Opportunitycosts 机会成本 6 Servicelevelrequirements 16 Question TheaverageinventoryofXYZcompanyisvaluatedat 500 000 Theannualcarryingcostofthecarryingtheinventoryis20 ofprodutvalue Whatistheannualcostofcarryinginventory InventoryCarryingCosts 500 000X20 100 000 Answer Inventorycarryingcostisalwayscalculatedbyusingapercentageofthedollarvalueoftheproduct E g 20 ofproductvalue KeyInventorydecisions Uncertaindemandmakesdemandforecastcriticalforinventoryrelateddecisions Whattoorder Whentoorder Howmuchistheoptimalorderquantity ApproachincludesasetoftechniquesINVENTORYPOLICY 18 Outline NewwordsTermsWhatisinventory WhyIsInventoryRequired SupplyChainFactorsinInventoryPolicyKeyInventorydecisionsABCInventoryclassification 19 MethodsforReducingInventory ABCanalysisForecastingAdvancedorderprocessingsystemsVMI vendor managed inventory 供应商管理库存 CPFR collaborativeplanningandforecastingrequirement 协同规划预测与补货 20 ABCanalysis checkLec 3 2andp208 OrPareto s 帕雷托 Ruleor80 20RuleBasedona19thcenturymathematician sobservationthatmanysituationsweredominatedbyaveryfewelements RankingsystemDevelopedin1951byH FordDickyofGeneralElectric SuggestedthatGEclassifyitemsaccordingtorelativesalesvolume cashflows leadtime orstockoutcost ThedefinitionofABCinventoryclassificationcanbefoundinLec3 2 21 ABCanalysis 80 sales profit products customers 20 50 30 A B C Theprecisesplitbetweencategorieswillvaryfrombusinesstobusinessandfrommarkettomarket 22 Paretoanalysis sometimesreferredtoasthe80 20ruleandasABCanalysis istheclassificationofitemsininventoryaccordingtoimportancedefinedintermsofcriteriasuchassalesvolumeandpurchasevolume p669 ABCanalysis 23 ABCanalysis 20 ofproductorcustomersmayprovide80 ofsalesorprofit andthissectioniscalled A category thenext50 orsoarelabeled B providing15 ofsalesorprofit Thefinal30 arecategory C ALines fastmoversBlines mediummoversClines slowmovers ApplicationsinthecontextoflogisticsInventorycontrolCustomerprofitabilityWarehouselayout 24 ABCInventoryclassification Steps Selectsomecriteria 标准 suchassalesrevenueDatacollectionRank 排列 itemsindescending 降序 orderCalculatethecumulative 累加 totalsalespercentageforeachite