语法——直接引语与间接引语.doc

1.Warmming upS: My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam. (直接)T: She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam. （间接）S: My only true friend is Kitty my diary. T: She said that her only true friend was Kitty her diary. 2Grammar直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话间接引语： 用自己的话转述别人的话间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语一般前面要加引号，间接引语不用加引号。1. 转述他人的陈述陈述句2转述他人的疑问一般疑问句 3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句 1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.” He said that he was going to Beijing.2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?” He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.3) She said , “What are you doing?” She asked me what I was doing.直接引语 变 间接引语 注意三个问题1）选用正确引导词 2）语序（陈述句语序） 3）人称、时态、指示词等的变化 陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. That，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化1) He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. 2) He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 解题步骤:“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont like computers.Sarah said she didntSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.Practice 1:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?”He asked Mary how _mother was then.Practice 2:. John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ” John said that he _ reading adventure stories. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ” She told me that she _ my CD player. He said, “Ill come here this morning.” He said he_ go there that morning. He said, “I have finished my homework.” He said that he _his homework. . He said, “they are playing games over there?” He said that they_ playing games 一般疑问句 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序 o He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” o He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. o He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” o He asked whether I was interested in English. .一般疑问句解题步骤:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.asked is wasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil. 特殊疑问句 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 o He said to me，“Whats your name?” o He asked me what my name was. o He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” o He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked him When you harvest the wheat.They asked him when he harvested the wheat. 选择疑问句 用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化 2. 注意人称变化。 3. 注意指示代词的变化4. 注意时间的变化 5. 注意地点的变化 6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 历史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 19454. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变The children said, “We love this game.” They told us that they love that game.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时 EX;1.He said, “The earth goes around the sun.” He said that the earth goes around the sun.2. He said, “The train leaves at 7:30p.m.” He said that the train leaves at 7:30p.m.3. He said, “Rome isnt built in a day.” He said that Rome isnt built in a day.4. Tom said, “I was born in July, 1978.” Tom said he was born in July, 1978.5.She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.3.Tom said “I will see you next week.” Tom said that he would see me the next week.4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. The teacher asked me why I was late again.5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah. Sarah said she didnt like swimming6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.His friends asked