语法解之谓语动词.doc

实义动词与系动词是相对的，系动词亦称连系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。实义动词意思完全，能独立用作谓语。实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词（及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词） 即行为动词,表示动作的动词。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种实义动词：及物动词（带宾语）；不及物动词（不带宾语）。 及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。 “How long can I keep the book ? ”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?”不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言英语中也有一些既做及物动词，又做不及物动词的。Close,begin,.3。实义动词，也叫行为动词。就我们现在所学的内容来讲，实义动词所在的句子中一般不存在be动词。也就是在含有实义动词的句子变否定句或疑问句时，一定不能用be动词。 那么，实义动词究竟怎样用呢？ 正如be动词随着主语的变化可变为am、is、are一样，实义动词在肯定句中，也要随着主语的变化而变化。当主语为第三人称单数he,she, it时，实义动词要变为相应的第三人称单数；当主语为非第三人称单数I, you(你), we,you(你们) they时，实义动词要用动词的原形。而在变否定句和疑问句时，不能直接在动词上变，而是要借助另一类动词：助动词do、does。 （1）肯定句： I have a blue book. He has a brother. She wants to be a teacher. They like to play basketball. (2)否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形。其中do/does为助动词，是来帮助实义动词构成否定或疑问句的，但加了do/does后，其后面的动词必须用动词原形。 I have a blue book.（变为否定句）I dont have a blue book. He has a brother. （变为否定句）He doesnt have brother. She wants to be a teacher. （变为否定句）She doesnt want to be a teacher. They like to play basketball. （变为否定句）They dont like to play basketball. (3)一般疑问句：Do/Does +主语+动词原形+其他？句中加了do/does后，其后面的动词还是必须用动词原形。 I have a blue book.(变为一般疑问句)Do you have a blue book? He has a brother. (变为一般疑问句)Does he have a brother? My brother does his homework before supper. (变为一般疑问句)Does your brother do his homework before supper? She wants to be a teacher. (变为一般疑问句)Does she want to be a teacher? They like to play basketball. (变为一般疑问句)Do they like to play basketball? (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ Your sister likes English best because its interesting.(对加粗部分提问) Why does your sister like English best? He does his homework before supper.(对加粗部分提问)When does he do his homework? 注意：当含有and引导的短语在句中做谓语或宾语，我们把这类句子变否定句时，必须把and变为or.如： (1)He can swim and dance. （变为否定句）He cant swim or dance. (2)My father likes English and math. （变为否定句）My father doesnt like English or math. （5） but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。 例如：He