考研英语写作例句.doc

35，北京两天课，明天晚上去郑州，希望不要晚点：）If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.主干识别：that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea其他成分：If the small hot spots look as expected，状语 a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory. 词组scientific idea的同位语翻译点拨：词的处理： the small hot spots 小热点 scientific idea 科学论断，科学观点，科学理念 refinement 更完美，提炼，改进 the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨胀说(理论) 同位语的处理： 同位语通常可以单独成句： a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary theory. 这个科学观点就是更完美的大爆炸理论，也被称之为宇宙膨胀论参考译文：假如那些小热点看上去同预想是一致的，那这将是又一科学理论的胜利，这种观点就是更完美的大爆炸理论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。36，如期的晚点，顺利的发句子，好好的看看书，品品茶：）Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.主干识别：并列句一：cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics 并列句二：many astrophysicists have been convinced that it is true其他成分：并列一：状语 Odd though it sounds, though的用法和as的用法是一样的，都可以引起句子顺序的变换，调整后为：though it sounds odd 并列二：状语 for the better part of a decade 词汇处理： cosmic inflation 宇宙膨胀说 scientifically plausible consequence 科学上可信的推论 respected idea 公认的理论 in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理学 convinced 相信 for the better part of a decade 七八年来参考译文：虽然这个理论听起来很奇怪，但宇宙膨胀说却是从基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论中得出的从科学角度讲合理的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。37，今天在郑州和蒋老师顺利会师，大有朱毛会师的意味，哈哈差点给他唱hi，judy了，各种欢乐，可以想象没有了他，我们的欢乐肯定会少很多，一个好老师也需要好基友啊，很遗憾去大连的飞机只是晚了两个小时，还是没有如蒋老师所愿晚上一宿，哈哈，开玩笑了，在机舱里写下这段文字，记录下一路的点滴，多年后看起来会很有意思。Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.主干识别：Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world.其他成分：to produce a unique millennium technology calendar 状语 that gives the latest dates 状语中名词calendar的定语从句 when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.前面定语中latest dates 的定语从句翻译点拨：词汇的处理： Pearson 皮尔森(人名音译) pieced together 汇集；综合 around the world 世界各地，全世界 produce 编制 a unique millennium technology calendar 一个独特的技术千年历 the latest dates 最近日期 key breakthroughs 重大突破，关键性突破 定语从句的处理：可以后置单独成句，也可以翻译为前置定语； a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. 编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。参考译文：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的技术千年历，编制了一个独特的千年技术日历，这个日历给出了我们有望看到的数百个重大突破和发现能发生的最近日期。38，9岁的时候，看汉城奥运会，李宁在吊环上完成高难度的动作后落地出现失误，但是脸上却露着笑容，失利之后“竟敢”脸上带出笑容，我父母教育我不要向他学习，各大媒体更是口诛笔伐！愤怒的陌生人甚至往他家里寄过绳子让他上吊。看到微博上很多人都在赞赏李玄旭，喻丹，杜丽等等，真的觉得我们的时代变了，至少国人更有大国国民的风范了，记住这笑容吧！But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.主干识别：Pearson points out that is only the start of man-machine integration 冒号后的主干: It will be the beginning of the long process of integration其他成分：that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. the long process of integration的定语从句 词汇点拨： the long process of integration the start of man machine integration 人机一体化的开始 lead to 引起出现，导致产生 a fully electronic human 完全电子化的仿真人，完全的电子人 before the end of the next century 在下世纪末之前参考译文：皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：它是人机一体化漫长之路的开始，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人39. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.主干识别：home appliances will also become so smart其他成分：that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.结果状语从句翻译点拨：词的处理： home appliances 家用电器 smart 聪明，智能化 result in the breakout of 引发，导致，出现 psychological disorder 心理混乱(失调)，心理疾病 kitchen rage 厨房狂燥症，（厨房愤怒，厨房生气）参考译文：家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病-厨房狂燥症。 40，One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature，and so on.主干识别：One difficulty is that其他成分：almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind，feelings，traits of character，human nature，and so on. 表语从句翻译点拨：词汇的处理： continue to 继续做.依然做. trace behavior to 追溯行为的根源到.转译为：从.追溯行为的根源； behavioral science 行为科学 states of mind 心态，意识状态 feelings 感情 traits of character 性格特点参考译文：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源41，The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.主干识别: The behavioral sciences have been slow to change其他成分: 状语一： partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed 状语二： partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.翻译点拨： the explanatory items 用以解释的要素(内容，项目) other kinds of explanations 其他解释方式参考译文：行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。42，The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. 主干识别: 并列句主干一：The role was formulated 并列句主干二： the selective role of the environment is only beginning to be recognized and studied.其他成分：only a little more than a hundred years ago状语 of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual定语翻译点拨：词汇的处理in evolution 在演化中 formulated 阐述；表述；解释；论证 shaping 形成(造就) maintaining 保持，维护 recognized 认可，承认 被动的处理，KK在翻译课堂上专门讲过的哦，记得去复习哦：） The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little morethan a hundred years ago不要翻译为：“被阐释”而要翻译为：得以阐明； 自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明 后面的句子由于主语太长所以可以用被动语态翻译；参考译文：自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究43，They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory，and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.主干识别: 并列句主干一：They are the possessions of the autonomous（self-governing）man of traditional theory 并列句主干二：they are essential to practices 其他成分：in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements 定语从句翻译点拨：词的处理： They 它们(自由与尊严)，代词做主语，根据前文可知为：Freedom and dignity man of traditional theory（在翻译的时候记住KK讲的增词原则，可以加上动词“定义”） 定语1，名词，定语2 （先后再前在加名词） possessions 所有物，拥有的东西 autonomous (self-governing) 自主行为的；自我管理的；自我约束的 practices 实践活动（经常是可以不翻译的一个废词） is held responsible for 对负责 given credit for 认可；赞誉；给予肯定 结构的突破：they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements.初步翻译：they are essential to practices自由和尊严对于实践活动是必须的。 in which a person is held responsible for his conduct 在这种实践活动中一个人应该为他的行为负责 （in which a person is ） given credit for his achievements. 在这种实践活动中一个人会因其业绩而给予肯定思考： 如果能够把“实践活动”去了，会不会改变英语中的句子含义，因为“实践活动”在这里实在是冗长？ 直接说：他们对于后面两件事情是必须的 试一下：一个人应该为他的行为负责 一个人会因其业绩而给予肯定 这对于（要求）一个人应该为他的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定而言，是必须的。 结论：实践活动就是后面的两件事情在这里只起到语法作用，没有语义功能可以去掉。 参考译文：自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。44，Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.主干识别: Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry其他成分: which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner定语从句 that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. manner的定语；翻译点拨：词汇的处理： Social science 社会科学 intellectual enquiry 知识探究 humans and their endeavors 人类及其行为 reasoned 理性的 orderly 有序的 systematic 系统的 dispassioned 冷静的 natural phenomena 自然现象 主句的处理 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry 在主句中又有一个在中文中不表意的单词:that所以可以不翻译，这个单词只是可以构成A of B 的结构可以让表达更加正式而已。 已经连续两天出现了减词的现象了，记住一点是最重要的：减词不减意。 “社会科学是知识探索的一个分支” 两个叠加的定语从句的处理： 1.which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner 改写一下第一句： Social science seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly,systematic,and dispassioned manner 社会科学尝试着用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。 2.that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 改写一下第二句： natural scientists use that manner for the study of natural phenomena. 自然科学家使用那种方式来研究自然现象 两句话融合： 社会科学尝试着用自然科学家也使用来研究自然现象的,理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式来研究人类及其行为。 感觉别捏吧？ 别捏之处在于：“用自然科学家也使用来研究自然现象的,理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的”太多的 改写一下： 社会科学在用，自然科学家也在用，那就是方式一样，先说 “它尝试像自然科学家研究自然现象那样” 再说： “用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。”参考译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它尝试着像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。45，Tylor defined culture as“that complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”.主干识别：Tylor defined culture as“that complex whole其他成分： which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society 定语从句翻译点拨：词汇的处理 Tylor人名，按照音译 defined culture as 将文化定义为 that complex whole 一个复合体 belief 信仰 morals 道德 man as a member of society 人作为社会成员 主句的处理： Tylor defined culture as“that complex whole 表示在引用的时候有省略 That 不用翻译； 定语的处理： which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom，and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. acquired by man as a member of society作为社会的成员时所获得的参考译文：泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯46，翻译的过程是：（1） 将句子划分意群。所谓意群简单的讲就是完整的一个成分，比如：主语，定语，状语等，但是当两个成分相对比较简单或者意义联系紧密的时候可以讲多个成分划为一个完整的意群，比如：he did not accept the charge这个主谓宾就可以划为一个意群了。划分意群的时候常见的划分点：动词，连词，标点（逗号，冒号，破折号），介词（2） 将每个意群一一的翻译为中文。任何过长的成分都可以翻译为单独的一个中文句子（3） 再将翻译好的意群按中文的表述逻辑拼装为完整的句子。下火车了，这次终于记得火车票放在那里了，不用到处找了。Yeah !We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education - that of direct tuition or schooling.主干识别：We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education其他成分：within the broad educational process 状语 which we have been so far considering “ process”的定语 that of direct tuition or schooling. 同位语翻译点拨：词汇的处理 distinguish 区分出 consider考虑/讨论 tuition 直接讲授 schooling 学校教育 主句的处理 We are thus led to distinguish a more formal kind of education 直接翻译为：我们进而被引导去区分(引导我们的就是我们自己) 翻译中常常是将被动变为主动，“得以”是常见的替换方式，在我的课程笔记中是可以看到的。 所以可以改译为：这就使我们进而得以去区分一种更加正式的教育。 状语的处理： within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering 定语从句可以前置 ，在（我们）一直讨论的广义的教育过程中， 代词“我们”和主句的“我们”重复了，可以省略。 同位语的处理： that of direct tuition or schooling. 同位语可以处理为:“也就是” That 指代前面的正式教育，只是为了语言更正式可以不翻译。参考译文： 这就使我们进而得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中去区分出一种更加正式的教育，也就是直接讲授或学校教育。特别提示：在翻译的过程中我们一直在遵循一种原则，那就是：2+1 = 2 (加词不加意)2+1 = 2（减词不减意）的原则。47，Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.主干识别: Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism其他成分： which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.定语从句翻译点拨： 词汇的处理： 1）a sort of 某种2) linguistic determinism语言决定论3) in its strongest form其极端说法是; 4) imprison the mind禁锢思维5) far-reaching 深远的; 伸得很远的； 主句的处理： Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism. Whorf逐渐相信了某种语言决定论； 定语从句的处理： which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society in its strongest from其极端的说法 其极端的说法是认为和 认为 状语的处理： for the culture of a society 对社会的文化. 参考译文： Whorf逐渐接受了某种语言决定论；这种观点的极端说法是：语言禁锢了思想，语言的语法模式可以对某种社会文化产生深远的影响48，Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed - and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe.主干识别：并列句主干一：Television is one of the means. 并列句主干二： it has served to connect different peoples and nations其他成分：并列句一中：by which these feelings are created and conveyed定语从句 并列句二中：to connect different peoples and nations状语一never so much as in the recent events in Europe before. 状语二翻译点拨：词语的点拨： It served “起作用” Conveyed “传递” People “民族” Nation“ 国家” 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。 主句一的处理： 定语从句可以前置翻译； 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。 主句二的处理： 状语一：就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言； 状语二：在此之前（ before）没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样，参考译文：电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中那样，起过如此大的作用。49，Since our chief business with them（年轻人） is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.主干识别：we cannot help considering whether or no + 从句其他成分：Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 状语从句 we are forming the powers 宾语从句which will secure this ability. 定语从句翻译点拨：词汇的处理： chief business首要任务cannot help considering 禁不住会思考a common life 生活中 whether or no 是否 powers力量 状语从句的处理： Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life 由于对于年轻人，我们的首要任务是使他们能够在生活中彼此分享，主句的处理： we cannot help considering whether or 我们就禁不住会思考是否 宾语从句： we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. 我们在形成能确保这种能力的力量参考译文： 由于对于年轻人，我们的首要任务是使他们能够在生活中彼此分享，这样我们就禁不住会思考我们是否在形成能确保这种能力的力量。50，Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.主干识别：主干一： The by-product of the institution was only gradually noted. 主干二： This effect was only more gradually considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.翻译点拨：词汇的处理: by-product 副产品 institution 机构 conduct of the institution 机构运作 directive factor指导性的因素 only gradually 只是逐渐的 only more gradually 只是更为逐渐的是（直接处理确实不通顺，可以用慢慢的来代替） 主干一的处理： The by-product of the institution was only gradually noted. 人们只是逐渐才注意到机构的副产品。 主干二的处理： This effect was only more gradually considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. 而人们更为缓慢的才把这种效果当成是机构运作中的指导因素。 初译： 人们只是逐渐才注意到这个机构的副产品。而人们更为缓慢地才把这种效果当成是机构运作中的指导因素。 修改： 人们只是逐渐才注意到这个机构的副产品。而人们把这种效果当成是机构运作中的指导因素的过程则更为缓慢。参考译文：人们只是逐渐才注意到这个机构的副产品。而人们把这种效果当成是机构运作中的指导因素的过程则更为缓慢。51，赶上了：）12点之前修改好了Thus，the anthropological concept of “culture”，like the concept of “set” in mathematics，is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.主干识别 ： the anthropological concept of “culture” is an abstract concept.其他成分 ： like the concept of “set” in mathematics 状语 which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 定语从句翻译点拨 ： 词汇的处理： the anthropological concept of culture,人类学的“文化”概念 the concept of set in mathematics数学中“集”的概念 an abstract concept抽象概念 immense amounts of concrete research大量的具体研究 定语从句中语序的调整： which makes