高中语法从句专题.doc

一，介绍并引入课（定语从句与名词性从句）是高中最重要的语法.二，定语从句的基本面(一) 概念 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句A,定语是什么：1,big apple 2,small tree 3,little dog常放名词前的形容词B,定语从句是什么：1,the apple(which I bought yesterday) 2,the tree(which grows in the garden) 3,the little boy(who is playing football)C:定语从句在主句中所处的位置: 主语(定从)+谓语+宾语(定从)例如:1,The apple(which I bought yesterday) is sweet. 2,I know the little boy(who is playing football). 3,The tree(which grows in the garden)is not a lemon tree.特点1：定语从句前面一定是名词，没有名词就没有定语从句。二,定语从句的运用面（一）关系代词who,whom,which,that,因为他们在从句中作的是代词和前面名词有关系，所以叫关系代词。前面被修饰词是人用who,whom,that是物用which,that,as.例如：1,the apple(which/that） I bought yesterday. 2,the tree(which/that) grows in the garden. 3,the little boy(who) is playing football.4,the boy(whom I saw this morning) A,什么时候用whom-当被修饰名词在从句中作宾语时例如:1,the little boy(whom)I saw yesterday. 2,the man whom we have forgotten.3,the parents whom math teacher is talking to.B,什么时候用whom-当前面有介词时不能用who例如:1,She knows the student with whom Tom is talking. 2,Nobody recognized the little girl in front of whom Jack was sitting. 3,I can hardly see the man next to whom the policeman stands.C,重要点:关系代词的省略-当被修饰名词在从句中作宾语时例如:1,The dog which we saved in the park recovers a lot now.2,She wants to visit the musician whom she admires deeply. 3,The flowers which my mom planted in the garden look beautiful.D,但前面有介词时不可省例如:1,She knows the student with whom Tom is talking. 2,Nobody recognized the little girl in front of whom Jack was sitting. 3,I can hardly see the man next to whom the policeman stands.E,关系代词whose的用法:从句中主语与被修饰词为从属关系例如:1,Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.2,Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.3,The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.F,专题-That 可指人也可指物,什么时候可用,什么时候不可用.G,专题-As的用法,以及和which 的区别.(2) ,关系副词(when,where,why,how)A:什么是状语?句子中表状态的语言成分例:He usually starts doing his homework at 7 oclock at home.We go to school on foot with our teacher.Can you stay at school until 6 tomorrow?B:当先行词在从句中作状语时,用关系副词.例:1,I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on the day)2,Can you tell me the office where he works.(where=in the office)3,Do you know the reason why he is absent.(why=for the reason)4,Thats the way how I learn English.(how=in the way)C,高考对关系副词where的考查趋势-地点模糊化例:1,They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.2,What do you think of teaching,Bob?I find it fun and challenging.It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.D,原则上说,介词后不能用关系代词,但考试时往往灵活运用.例:China is the birthplace of kites,from where kite spread to Japan,Korea,Thailand and India.定语从句专题（一）-That 可指人也可指物,什么时候可用,什么时候不可用.一，必须用that的情况A:当先行词是不定代词时必需用B当先行词前被等词修饰时.C:当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时D 当先行词前是序数词或前面有序数词时E 当先词既有人又有物时F 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时G有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词用which,另一个用thatH 当先行词在主句中作表语，而在从句中也作表语时二，不能用that的情况，非限制性定语从句（也就是前面有逗号的）当动词短语中的介词提前时定语从句专题（二）-关系代词As以及它和which的区别A,下列句式中：such+名词+as. the same+名词+as. .such.asB,固定句式：as anybody can see as is well-known as is known to all as we had expected as often h