八年级上册uni1-8综合 完整.doc

深圳博龙教育培训中心Unit 1 Encyclopedia 一必背词汇及短语(1) 必备单词:1.*encyclopedia n. 百科全书 2. human adj. 人的3. dinosaur n. 恐龙 4 .*Italian n. 意大利人5. inventor n. 发明家 6. musician n.音乐家7. scientist n. 科学家 8. born（be born）出生9. countryside n. 乡村，农村 10. intelligence n. 才智，智慧11. *artistic adj. 有天赋的 12.ability n. 才能，能力13. perhaps adv. 可能，大概 14. invention n. 发明15. notebook n. 笔记本 16. include v. 包括，包含17. even adv. (强调出乎意料) 甚至 18. however adv. 然而19. suddenly adv. 突然，忽然 20. nobody pron. 没有人21. *fossil n. 化石 22. win v. (在比赛中) 获胜，赢23. dollar n. 美元(2) 重点短语:1. in the countryside 在乡村，在农村 2. human being 人3. die out 灭绝，消失 4. find out 了解，弄清5. go for a walk 去散步 6. be born 出生7. more than 多于，超过 8. just like 正如，正像9. how long 多久 10. would like 想要11. for example 例如 12. next to 紧挨着13. look up 查阅 14. live on Earth 生活在地球上15. an Italian painter 一位意大利画家 16. used to do sth 过去常常做某事17. at the end of 在末尾 18. in the centre 在中心19. come out of从出来 20. be famous for 以而闻名be famous as作为而闻名(3) 重点句型：1. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens. 有的恐龙和鸡一样小。2. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings.恐龙早于人类生活在地球上六千多万年。3. Suddenly dinosaurs all died out. 突然恐龙都灭绝了。4. However, we can learn about dinosaurs from their fossils. 然而，我们可以从恐龙的化石了解它们。5. Nobody knows why. 没有人知道其中的原因。6. Would you like some tea? 你想要一些茶吗？小练一下：一、重点单词1. human n _ 2. dinosaur n _3. inventor 年n _v _n _发明 4. born v _ 5.even adv _ 6. ability _ad _ 7.include _介词_ 8.Italian _n _意大利 9.musician _n _音乐 10.scientist _n _科学 11. intelligence _adj _聪明的 12. however _= _ 13.suddenly _adj _ 14.win _n _获胜者过去式_15. nobody _= _二、重点短语1. look up _ 2. be born_ 3. _一些另一些 4. more than _=_5. die out _ 6. asas_ 7. would like +_ = _ +_8. find out _ 9. next to _ = _ 10. how long_ 11. _ example 例如 12. go for a walk_ 二、知识点讲解1. look it up!look up:查阅；查询，查字典: look up the dictionary, 当look up 后的宾语为代词it或them时；其形式为 look it/them up. 与look相关词组： look like看起来像 look after照顾 look out当心，小心look around环顾四周 look for寻找 look forward to 期待look through浏览 look over检查身体 look into 往里看；调查Eg: This morning I _ some new restaurants on the internet for I wanted to take Mary to a nice restaurant for her 8th birthday. A.picked up B. looked up C. cleaned up D. gave up 2. From an early age, he showed great intelligence and artistic ability. show：给予，展示；表现。其用法：show sb sth或show sth to sb过去式showed；过去分词showed/shown, ( 类似的词 give /_ ) 与show相关词组：show up出现；show off炫耀；show sb around领人到处看看3. His paintings are very famous, and one, the Mona Lisa, is perhaps the most famous painting in the world. famous：有名的，著名的；相当于well-known。 区别befamousas、befamousfor befamousfor “因而出名”，后接出名的原因befamousas “作为而出名”，前面的主语和后面的名词意思一致如： Eg:LuXunwasfamous_awriter.NewYorkisfamous_itshighbuildings.4. For example, his notebooks include some interesting drawings of flying machines. include:包括,包含,及物动词,它侧重指包含者是整体的一部分。 including是现在分词，在许多情况下用作介词，后面可直接跟宾语，含有补充说明之意。* Thirtypassengerswerehurt,_5children.* Thebook_eightchapters.5. Dinosaurs lived on Earth more than 60 million years before human beings. more than：超过；多于；= over million：百万具体数字(many, some, several)+hundred / thousand / million / billion+名词复数hundreds / thousands / millions / billions +of+名词复数Eg: (thousand）of visitors have come to Beijing in the last two months.Eg:There are two (thousand）students in our class.6. Some dinosaurs were as small as chickens.as small as :与.一样小as.as 修饰形容词或副词的原级The classroom is as big as that one. He sings as_ (good)as his brother. 注：as.as 与soas 的区别7. Some could even fly. even 甚至；连；用来修饰adj或adv的比较级 比较级前可用much / a lot ( 得多)，a little（稍微）, 等表示程度 The weather is even _( hot) today. 8. However, some dinosaurs liked to eat meat. however 意为“可是，然而，尽管”. however/ but 区别：however 意为“可是，然而，尽管”，较 but 的意味弱，通常用作连接性状语。其位置可以在句首，句末或插入句中。当其被用来对照两个分句时，中间需要有一个逗号；当它被用作句子的插入语时，则前后应各有一个逗号。but 作为并列连词，在意义上起转折作用。 but 前后的两个句子或短语在意义上形成鲜明对照。 but 用来连接两个分句或两个较长的短语时，but 前面一般要加逗号。 1) Id like to go with you, _, my hands are full. 2) Im sorry, _ I wont be able to come tonight.9. Then suddenly, they all died out.die out: 灭绝；die死；过去式died；过去分词died；dieadj. deadn. deathdie 相关的词组： die of: 死于（内因） die from: 死于（外因） die off: 相继死去 die down: 逐渐消失 die away:变弱，逐渐止息 Eg: The dog has been _(die) for one day.10. When I was young, I used to keep a note book. used to do是“过去常做 辨析： 1) used to do是“过去常做(言外之意是现在不做了)” 2) be used to doing 为“习惯于做某事”，to后面也可用名词也可用代词。 3) be used to do 表示“被用来做” 用上面的短语填空 He _be late for class before. You will soon _ the life there.We have _ eating rice. Wood can _ make paper.11. They were not very good, but they helped me think and dream.help：帮助 通常用法：help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事help sb with sth 帮助某人某事； with the help of sb 在.帮助下help oneself to 请自便 cant help doing情不自禁做12. Perhaps, you will do something important or even become famous one day.perhaps:可能；也许，= possiblesomething important ：一些重要的事形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面 Eg:Thepolicefoundnothing strangeintheroom.13. Just remember to think and to dream. remember: 记得；记住 remember to do sth. 记得要做某事 （ 未做 ）Please remember _(turn)off the lights and fans. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（ 已做 ） Eg: I remember _(meet)you somewhere before.14. Some were small; others were huge. other, another, others, the other, the others的用法区别 基本用法 other： other+ 名词（ other students ）别的，其他的 another： another +单数名词, “另一个” the other：the other +复数名词= the others “其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）或另一个 others (别人)： 其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（非剩余全部） the others：代词，其后不能带名词，代换上文中提及的可数名词（剩余全部）15. How long did dinosaurs live on earth before they disappeared. howlong“多久，多长时间”对一个持续的时间段提问，常用“for+一段时 间”和“since+时间点”回答howsoon“多久之后”，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来的句子中,用in+一段时间”回答howoften“多久一次对事情发生频率提问，常用“oncea. , twice/ three times等回答howfar“多远”对距离提问。回答用于问距离，路程Eg: XiaoWang,_willittaketoflytoGuangzhou?Sorry,Idonotknow.A.howfarB.howsoonC.howmanyD.howlong 16. Jane Dickinson Magic won TV quiz. winv.赢；获胜。一般用做及物动词，过去式和过去分词都是won；常跟的宾语有 game,war,prize,fame,battle等 win与beat都可用作及物动词，作赢、战胜讲时，其区别在于宾语的不同： win 后接比赛、战争、奖品、名次等名词，即race，match， game，competition，war，prize之类的词；beat 后接比赛、竞争的对手，即指人或球队的名词或代词。Eg:We_thestrongestteaminthefootballmatchthistimeEg: He_firstprizeinthecompetition17. She can find out about many. lookfor意为“寻找”，强调找的动作，是延续性动词，find意为“找到、发现、感到”，强调找的结果，是非延续性动词，findout意为“查明、发现、了解”，指经过认真观察、调查或研究把某事、某物查出来、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不容易直接查出的情况。Eg:Doyou_whyTomwaslate?Eg:Im_myEnglish dictionary. Eg:Hecant_hiswatch.练习题：一、 选出与划线部分意思相近的最佳选项。( )1. There are more than 1,000 trees in the park. A. on B. before C. above D. over( )2. James is as old as Tom. A. younger than B. older than C. the same age as D. as young as( )3. Dinosaurs all died out suddenly. A. went out B. disappeared C. were alive D. appeared( )4. The baby panda was born on a cold winter evening. A. went to see a doctor B. left its parents C. came back D. came out of its mothers body( )5. A good British breakfast always includes sausages. The sentence means sausages are the breakfast. A. part of B. at the end of C. connected D. not( )6. Each human being has to die, but mankind goes on world without end. A. animal B. machine C. people D. person ( )7. You should try to find out what made her unhappy. A. invent B. catch C. include D. learn( )8. There is nobody in the classroom. A. anyone B. nothing C. no one D. anybody( )9. The dog barked at the man suddenly. A. loudly B. excitedly C. interestedly D. quickly and surprisingly( )10. There are about 50 students in our class. A. less than B. around C. less D. under二单项选择( )1._didthemeetinglast?Abouthalfanhour. A.Howsoon B.Howlong C.Howfar D.Howmuch( )2.BecauseofProjectHope, childrenhavebetterlives. A.thousand B.thousands C.thousandof D.thousandsof( )3.When he was a child,he _ go to the river and catch fish. A.was used to B. used to C. got used to D. used( )4. Unfortunately,thesoldierdied_awoundinthebattle. A.from B.out C.off D.of( )5.Heknowsthatifhewantstosucceed,hemust_LiuGaoand_thegame. A.win,win B.win,beat C.beat,win D.beat,beat( )6. They have twenty-six desks in the classroom. One is for the teacher, _ are for the students. A. the other B. other C. the others D. others( )7. Remember _ the newspaper when you have finished it. A. putting back B. put back C. to put back D. be put back( )8.Thescientistdidalotofexperimentsto_howthebeespasspassages. A.find B. findout C.see D.look for( )9. Heneverdoeshiswork_Mary. A.ascarefulas B.socarefulas C.ascarefullyas D.carefullyas( )10.Ihave_todotoday. A.anythingimportant B.somethingimportant C.importantnothing D.importantsomething语法：some /any复合不定代词教材典句1. I have some questions about dinosaurs.2. Do they have any questions about dinosaurs?3. Would you like some tea?4. We dont have any bread.语法全解：（一）Some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示“一些.”但二者在用法上还是有区别的。1. some一般用于肯定句 Eg:David has some friends in Shanghai. 戴维在上海有一些朋友。2. any 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 Eg:Mary hasnt got any pens. Has Tom got any books?（二）some和any的特殊用法： some用在疑问句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。 Eg:May I have some chicken? 我能吃些鸡肉吗？ Would you like some noodles? What about some coffee?any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。 Eg:Any color is ok. 任何颜色都可以。 some+单数名词, 表示 某一 Eg: I hope to go there someday.some more 一些更多的 Eg: Can you give me some more coffee? 你能再给我一些咖啡吗？some other其他一些的，在否定句和疑问句中用any other Eg:Some other students will go there by bus. Do you have any other questions? any other+单数名词 其他任何 用于肯定句中 Eg:He is taller than any other boy in the class. 【中考链接】1. ( )Its polite to take flowers as a gift when you go to visit a friend. A. little B. any C. some2. ( ) There isnt water in the glass. Lets go and get some. A. many B. lots C. any D. Some复合不定代词教材典句1. I saw nobody.2. There is not anybody in the room.3. Is there anything on the bookcase?4. Is there anyone next to the piano?以上句子都含有复合不定代词nobody，anybody，anything和anyone。语法全解 由some，every，no, any 分别与one，thing和body组合即可得到以下复合不定代词：someone anyoneno one everyonesomething anything nothingeverythingsomebody anybodynobodyeverybody1.一般说来，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。Eg: I heard someone singing when I was at work last night. Please give me something to read. Is there anyone at home?注：nobody = not anybody = notanyone= no one nothing=notanythingEg: There is nobody in the classroom. = There is not anybody in the classroom. I heard nothing. =I didnt hear anything.【拓展】由some构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求，建议等语句。Eg:Would you like something to drink? Why not buy something interesting? 为什么不买一些有趣的东西呢？2.复合不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式Eg: Somebody wants to see you. Is there anything I can do for you?3. 形容词修饰复合不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing等时， 形容词要后置, 即（不定代词+形容词）Eg: Do you have anything important to tell us? We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else? 我们还需要一个助手，你能再给我们找一个人吗？4. have something to do 有事要做5. There is something wrong with某人/物出了问题 There is nothing wrong with某人/物没问题【中考链接】( )1. You dont have a drink. Can I get you ? A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything( )2. Who helped you clean the classroom yesterday? . I did it all by myself. A. Someone B. Anyone C. Nobody D. Everyone练习题：一、用some和any填空。1. I have good friends in my class.2. Is there water in the bottle?3. Do you have money?4. They dont have time to go there.5. Would you like rice? Yes, please.6. I dont have milk for breakfast.二、根据句意，用方框里的词填空，每词可用多次。any，some，something，nothing，anybody，nobody1. I have work to do today.2. They didnt have friends there.3. Would you like coffee with sugar? Yes, please.4. Can you tell me interesting?5. Hello! Is there ?6. Would you like to eat?7. The thief found in the room, so he stole much money that night.8. I can hear but your voice.9. There was at home when I visited Lily, so I went away.10. When I have problems, I will ask my mother.三、句型转换。1. I saw nobody. I .2. I didnt eat anything. I .3. Bob heard nothing. Bob didnt .5. They will meet nobody. They _.6. She doesnt know anything. She .四、选择题。( )1.-Do you have to say? -No, I dont. A. anything B. anyone C. nothing D. someone( )2. I couldnt meet on the island, so I had no one to talk with.A. nothing B. anybody C. something D. nobody( )3. broke the window last night. Do you know who broke it? A. Anything B. Somebody C. Something D. Anybody( )4. All the students went back home. There was in the classroom. A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody( )5. Is here? Yes, I am here. A. anybody B. some C. everybody D. nobody( )6. I knocked on the door but answered. A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. someone( )7. There was not in the room, so the thief stole all the money there easily. A. no one B. nobody C. anybody D. something( )8. Somebody singing in the room. A. are B. is C. be D. am( )9. Nobody was looking for me, ? A. were they B. wasnt they C. werent they D. werent they( )10. I need for my article. A. important something B. something important C. an important something D. a something important( )11. There will be if you dont remember my warning. A. dangerous something B. something dangerous C. something interesting D. interesting something ( )12.-I would like a sandwich and a bottle of milk.-Sorry, we . A. not have B. dont C. dont have some D. dont have any( )13.I want to buy .Lets get on the bus and go back home. A. something else B. anything else C. nothing else D. everything else( )14. Salad is my favorite. I think is more delicious than salad. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ( )15.I dont want to use your pen. I want . A. somebody elses B. somebodys else C. somebody else D. somebodys elsesUnit 1 综合检测题1、 选择题。（1）从选项中选出可以替换画线部分的最佳选项。 ( ) 1.The baby panda was born on a cold winter evening. A.went to see a doctor B.left its parents C.came back D.came out of its mothers body( ) 2.A good British breakfast always includes sausages.The sentence means sausage are _the breakfast. A.part of B.at the end of C.connected D.not( ) 3.Each human being has to die ,but mankind goes on world without end . A.animal B.machine C.dollar D.person( ) 4.Australia also has many big attractions. Many people come to visit them every year. A.places of interest B.sheep C.kangaroos D.delicious food( ) 5.I feel healthier after a visit to the countryside. A.outside the cities a