专题3虚拟语气.doc

专题3 虚拟语气1虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：条件状语从句主 句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时/should do/were to doWould/should/cold/might + 动词原形注意(1) 混合虚拟：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)（2）含蓄虚拟：有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。如: Without air (If there were no air), there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help) I couldnt have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。有时假设的情况还可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.) I would have finished the work, but I was ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.) （3） 当条件从句中含有助动词should/were/had时，可以将if省掉，将should/were/had提到句首，注意否定词不跟着提到句首。Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off till next week.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2. 虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could do”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had done”或“could have done”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order、recommend等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形,should 可省略，但不可用其他词替代。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she （should） be operated.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。在表示建议、要求、命令等的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.His suggestion is that we (should)go to Shanghai.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在表示建议、要求、命令等的主语从句中，也要用“should + 动词原形”的结构，并且should 也可省略。It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she (should ) finish her homework this afternoon.注意：和建议、要求、命令等相关的一切名词性从句（宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句）都采用should + 动词原形的虚拟语气,should 可省略，但不可用其他词替代在表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等的主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.注意：上句表示对这种事实（so careless）的惊奇，因此用虚拟语气。但是如果不表示惊奇等情感，那么that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is a pity that you cant swim.3. 虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中.He treated/treats me as if I were his own daughter.(谓语treat和“是他女儿”之间是同时性，则从句谓语用一般过去时)They talked as if they were friends.( 同时性)They talked as if they had been friends for years.（先时性，用过去完成时）He said goodbye to us as if he would never come back again.(后时性，用would/could + 动词原形)注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。(2) even if/even though从句中，表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用would/could + 动词原形。如：Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.(3）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。如：Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going.(4）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中，情况同wish。如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.(5)would rather 后跟句子时，要用虚拟语气，情况有两种：和过去事实相反，用过去完成时；和现在或将来相反，用一般过去时,不用were 代替was。Id rather I hadnt seen the film yesterday.Id rather you started now.Id rather you went there tomorrow.(6)用“may + 动词原形”表示祝愿、但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy! 祝你快乐！May good luck be yours. 祝你顺利。(7)Be he rich or poor, she will marry him. (Whether he is rich or poor, she will marry him.)虚拟语气练习1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, will send B. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will start, might have been3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it , I _ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him up C. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _, she _ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn t beB. had been ill; wouldnt have been C. had been ill; should have beenD. hadnt been ill; could be5. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way. A. will do B. would doC. would have done D. were to do6. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had beenB. must have told; were it C. should have told; had it beenD. should have told; should it be7. Without your help, we_ so much. A. won t achieve B. didn t achieve C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved8. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake. A. Had you taken; wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken; would make C. Were you lo take; shouldn t have madeD. Have you taken; won t have made9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school. A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night. A. wentB. would goC. had goneD. were going11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. shouldC. would D. were able to12. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation. A. could B. mustC. should D. might13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should give D. be given15. I insisted that he _ at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go16. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadn t stolen B. shouldn t steal C. doesn t steal D. steal17. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry. A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly. A. may hearB. will hearC. hearD. have heard20. They got up early in order that they _ they first train. A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be23. It is high time we _ home. A. will go B. would goC. have goneD. went25. If only I _ to the lecture! A. listenB. will listen C. am listeningD. had listened28. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will beC. would have been D. would be37. - Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I _. busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be38. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. wasC. be D. should be39. But for the snow, we _ earlier. A. will arriveB. should have arrived C. arriveD. arrived40. Heres an umbrella in case you _ it. A. should useB. neededC. needingD. to need41. It is natural that he _ his mind. A. changesB. changing C. changeD. to change42. It is a pity Mr. Zhang isnt here. If he _, my parents would be happier. A. comesB. has comeC. cameD. had come43. _ you succeed and _ you be healthy. A. May; mayB. Wish; wishC. Hope; hopeD. Should; may44. Its high time he _ home. A. goesB. went C. will goD. is going to go45. I hoped _ my letter. A. her to answer B. that she would answerC. that she will answerD. her answering46. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _ to the meeting. A. cameB. would comeC. had comeD. would have come47. If she knew as much about music as you do, my daughter _ much better. A. playB. must playC. will playD. would play48. “Jane wants to see you tomorrow.” “I would rather she _ today than tomorrow.” A. comes B. should comeC. comeD. came49. The secretary listened carefully _ he might discover exactly what she wanted.A. so as that B. in caseC. in order that D. providing50. Supposing the weather _ bad, where would they go? A. will be B. isC. wereD. be51. Without the leadership of the Party, there _ no New China. A. would be B. has beenC. was D. should be52. The work would require that _ at 5 every morning. A. she has been there B. she was there C. she be thereD. she will be there 53. The little heros pale face suggested he _ dead. A. is B. was C. should be D. be 54. Galileo insisted that the earth _ round the sun. A. should moveB. move C. moves D. A or B55. The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. wouldnt be burningB. would not burn C. wouldnt have been burnt D. would not burnt56. _ I known it, I should have told him. A. HaveB. HadC. HavingD. If57. It is necessary that we _ a foreign language. A. must master B. ought to master C. masteredD. should master58. My idea is that we _ to our plan. A. must stickB. ought to stick C. should stickD. will stick高考资源网 2010年高考英语试题分类汇编虚拟语气59. -Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.-Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt60. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he-_A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy 61. If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow62. John went to the hospital alone. If he me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 63. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused64. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken65. -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die /gaokao/beijing C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died /gaokao/beijing66Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .Awould have been savedBhad been saved Cwill be savedDwas saved67. I would have helped you, but I _ really occupied the whole weekAwas Bam Chad been Dwere68. But for the storm, we _ a pleasant journey, but had to turn back halfwayAwould have Bwould have hadCwill have Dhad69. Mary failed the driving test againIf she _ harder, she _ the test easilyApracticed; would passBhad practiced; would passChad practiced; would have passedDshould practice; should have passed70. These achievements_ without the contribution of Qian Xuesen, a key leader of the New Chinas nucle