雅思七分班2011年讲义.doc

雅思七分班2011年暑假班讲义（齐辙）第一部分：议论文必备替换句型（A）表示很明显/众所周知的句型1 It is obvious that2 It is clear that3 It is apparent that4 It is evident that5 It is self-evident that6 It is manifest that7 It is well-known8 It is known to all that9 It is widely-accepted that10 It is crystal-clear that11 It is as clear as crystal that12 It is universally-accepted that 14 It is generally recognized that 15 It goes without saying16 It is commonly found17 It is widely acknowledged18 It is universally-known that19 Obviously,20 Clearly,21 Apparently,22 As we all know,23 As is well-known,24 As is known to all,25 As is widely-accepted,（B） 表示第一/首先的句型1 First,2 Firstly,3 First of all,4 In the first place,5 First and foremost,6 To begin with,7 To start with,8 Initially,9 The first thing is that10 The first thing to be mentioned is that（C） 表示第二/此外的句型1 Second,2 Secondly,3 Second of all,4 In the second place,5 Furthermore,6 Moreover,7 What is more,8 In addition,9 Additionally,10 Besides,11 Another point to be considered is that12 Another equally important factor to be presented is that13 Another consideration in this case is that（D） 表示第三/最后的句型1 Third,2 Thirdly,3 In the third place,4 Finally,5 Last,6 Lastly,7 Last of all,8 In the last place,9 Last but not least,10 Most important of all,（E） 表示综上所述的句型1From what has been discussed above,2From what has been mentioned above,3From what has been presented above,4From what has been outlined above,5From what has been remarked above,6From what has been said above,7From what has been discussed previously,8From what has been mentioned previously,9From what has been presented previously, 10From what has been outlined previously, 11From what has been remarked previously, 12From what has been said previously,13As has been discussed above,14As has been mentioned above,15As has been presented above,16As has been outlined above,17As has been remarked above,18As has been said above,19As has been discussed previously,20As has been mentioned previously, 21As has been presented previously, 22As has been outlined previously, 23As has been remarked previously, 24As has been said previously,25 From the above comparison and contrast, （F） 表示总而言之的句型1 In conclusion,2 In summary,3 To sum up,4 To summarize,5 To conclude,6 All in all,7 Above all,8 On balance,9 In a nutshell,10 In the final analysis,11 Above all,12 Based on the above factors,13 Ultimately,14 Overall,15 Taking all factors into account,16 Taking all factors into consideration,17 Taking all things into account,18 Taking all things into consideration,19 In a word,20 On the whole,（G） 表示原因/结果的句型1 One possible reason is that2 Another cause is that 3 The last factor to be taken into account is that4 The reason why + 句子is that 5 That is why6 Why+ 句子 is that 7 So + 形容词 + be + 主词 + that8 It is conceivable that9 The most obvious reason for this phenomenon is that10 There are probably many reasons contributing to this phenomenon11 Thus,12 Therefore,13 Thereby,14 Hence,15 So,16 Consequently,17 As a result,18 As a consequence,19 Because of this,20 Due to this,（H） 表示提出自己观点的句型1 Personally,2 Personally speaking,3 Speaking for myself,4 As for me,5 As far as I am concerned,6 As far as I know,7 From my point of view,8 In my position,9 From my angle,10 From my perspective,11 To my mind,12 In my view,13 As I see it,14 To me,15 To my knowledge,16 In my opinion,17 In my judgment,（I） 表示转述别人观点的句型1 Some claim that2 Some think that3 Some believe that4 Some do believe that5 Some do strongly believe that6 Some conclude that7 Some insist that8 Some maintain that9 Some argue that10 Some hold that11 Some are convinced that12 Some are fully convinced that13 Some point out that14 Some assert that15 Some admit that16 Some contend that17 Some people are firmly convinced that18 It is believed that19 Some people deem that20 Some people hold the opinion that（J） 表示反驳别人观点的句型1I do not agree with this opinion.2I disagree with this view.3I am against this viewpoint.4I am totally against this statement.5I do not support this view.6I am always amazed when I hear people say so.7I am always amazed when I hear people saying so.8Always am I amazed when I hear people say so.9Always am I amazed when I hear people saying so.10Nothing is further from the truth than this opinion.11Nothing is further from the truth than this opinion is.12Nothing is further from the truth than is this opinion.13Nothing is further from the truth than this view.14Nothing is further from the truth than this view is.15Nothing is further from the truth than is this view.16Nothing is further from the truth than this point of view.17Nothing is further from the truth than this point of view is.18Nothing is further from the truth than is this point of view.19Nothing is further from the truth than this statement.20Nothing is further from the truth than this statement is.21Nothing is further from the truth than is this statement.22Nothing is further from the truth than this viewpoint.23Nothing is further from the truth than this viewpoint is. 24Nothing is further from the truth than is this viewpoint.25 Nothing is more ridiculous and far-fetched than this opinion.（K） 表示解决措施的句型1 One possible solution is that2 Another one to be taken is that3 The third measure to be adopted is that4 To solve this problem, people think up various solutions.5 Practical measures should be taken before things get worse.6 In order to tackle this pressing problem, we have no choice but to adopt some effective measures. 7 As far as I am concerned, the three following ones should be taken.8 Three feasible solutions can be outlined as following.9 People from different backgrounds assume different attitudes to dealing with this problem. From my point of view, the three following ones do work.10 The problem will be handled step by step when the three measures are taken.（L） 表示解释的句型1 Generally,2 Generally speaking,3 Roughly,4 To be honest,5 To be frank,6 To tell the truth,7 To be exact,8 To be precise,9 Honestly,10 Frankly,11 Exactly,12 Precisely,13 Speaking of,14 Talking of ,15 Put it simply,16 In brief,17 In short,18 According to,19 Judging by,20 Judging from,21 To put it like this,22 To put it differently,23 That is to say,24 Seemingly,25 Superficially,26 Practically,27 In practice,28 In fact,29 In reality,30 In effect,31 As a matter of fact,32 Indeed,33 It seems that34 It seems certain that35 It is a fact that36 There is no doubt that37 It goes without saying that38 It is always the case that39 Surely,40 Naturally,41 Theoretically,42 Strictly,43 Needless to say,44 In other words,45 In generally,46 To be sure,47 To be true,48 To put it in another way,49 So to speak,50 After all, （M） 表示无可否认/必须得承认的句型1 Admittedly,2 To be admitted,3 It must be admitted that4 It should be admitted that5 We should admit that 6 It cannot be denied that7 It is undeniable that8 It is an undeniable fact that9 Nobody can deny that10 Undeniably,11 Nobody can deny the fact that（N） 表示不同的人有不同的观点的句型1 Different people have different attitudes.2 Different people have different opinions.3 Different people have different views.4 Opinions vary greatly.5 Opinions vary greatly from person to person.6 Opinions vary considerably.7 Opinions vary considerably from person to person.8 Different people have divergent opinions.9 Different people have divergent attitudes.10 Different people have divergent views.11 Different people present divergent opinions.12 Different people present divergent attitudes.13 Different people present divergent views.14 Different people have diverse opinions.15 Different people have diverse attitudes.16 Different people have diverse views.17 Different people present diverse opinions.18 Different people present diverse attitudes.19 Different people present diverse views.20 Different people assume divergent opinions.21 Different people assume divergent attitudes.22 Different people assume divergent views.23 Different people assume diverse opinions.24 Different people assume diverse attitudes.25 Different people assume diverse views.第二部分：议论文写作八分范文赏析1.Living in this information-explosion society, we can never avoid being influenced by advertisements. Whenever we turn on the TV, look through a newspaper or even walk along the street, advertisements will jump into our sight and be impressive. It seems certain that we can never do or live without them. If asked whether their advantages far outweigh their disadvantages, I would say “by all means”.To begin with, advertisements do add spice to our daily lives. For one thing, with advertisements, we are now blessed with a great deal of the latest information, thus making it possible for us to compare and contrast the qualities of different products supplied in the market and to purchase the best ones at reasonable prices. For another, many advertisements are full of highly artistic values, such as witty slogans and wonderful pictures. By watching them, not only can we get relaxed and entertained, but we can get educated. Therefore, our lives will be made more colorful, convenient and comfortable.Whats more, advertisements contribute to the economic development. To be sure, advertisements can create a fairer environment for commercial communication and help the producers to grasp the opportunity to compete for the lions share of the market. Also, advertisements are a vital source of governmental revenue. It is due to various kinds of advertisements that the government can lay a solid foundation for its economic development.Finally, advertisements are positive to the cultural diversity. As we all know, advertisements can mirror cultures. By watching various colorful advertisements, Chinese people have got a golden opportunity to have a deeper understanding of western cultures. Some breath-taking advertising slogans such as “ask for more”; “good to the last drop”; “intelligence everywhere”; “no business too small, no problem too big” and “the taste is great” are all familiar to Chinese people. Also, the cultural values presented in these advertisements are shared, praised and appreciated by an increasing number of people in China. Thus, misunderstanding and prejudice can be removed and the cultural diversity can be realized.Although it cannot be denied that advertisements are never without their demerits such as cheating information, exaggeration of products functions and so on, their merits obviously far outweigh their demerits. Their demerits can be removed step by step when some feasible measures are adopted. Thus, it is no overstatement to say that a life without advertisements is inconceivable to a modern person.2.We having entered the 21st century, the world is witnessing many earth-shaking changes. However, some severe problems are being brought to our attention. Frankly speaking, I am always amazed when I hear people say that we should be optimistic to the 21st century. From my point of view, there is much to be done to make the world better.The dazzling development of technology is a good case in point. With technology accelerating, advances and challenges go side by side. Computers have released people from hard manual work, but they have also encouraged people to live in a virtual world. The Internet has provided people with a colorful world, but it has also given rise to new types of crimes. Media have reshaped the way people obtain information, but they have also been responsible for peoples laziness and inactive thinking. Mobile phones have promoted peoples communication and connection, but they have also invaded peoples privacy. Private cars have made it easy for us to move from one place to another, thus saving our precious time, but they have also polluted the environment and killed millions of people. The utilization of nuclear power has to a considerable degree relieved energy crisis, but it has also posed threat to the world peace. Another vivid example to be illustrated is the progress of economy. On the one hand, with the world economy booming, our lives have been made more comfortable and the world peace, it seems, has showed promise. On the other hand, this trend has also polarized the wealth distribution. Some people are getting richer and richer, while others are getting poorer and poorer. Clear is that the richs superiority and the poors hatred will definitely result from this imbalance of wealth distribution.If I were asked what changes should be in the 21st century, my answers would go as follows. In the first place, I hope that there will be long-lasting peace rather than war. Second of all, I hope that there will be less pollution and starvation. In addition, I hope that everybody can enjoy high-quality education and be oneself. Finally, I hope that cultural differences should be respected and discrimination will be eliminated thoroughly. As Charles Dickens once wrote: “It was the best of times, it was the worst of times”. Maybe, this is the real world in which we live.3.The fantastic development of computers has made it possible for people to live better than ever possible before. It seems that people can never do without them. One good illustration is that with computers updating, all kinds of languages can now be translated by computers. Some people even hold the opinion that with this, children do not need to learn foreign languages. The argument seems reasonable, but speaking for myself, I totally disagree with it.The quality of computer translation cannot be ensured. It is clear that computers can only translate literally or word by word. Sometimes, we find ourselves confused by the head-scratching puzzlement about what they really want to tell. What makes matters worse is that machine translation is used in literature and science translation. The prime of some masterpieces can never be appreciated and some facts may be distorted.Additionally, a foreign language is always closely related to a countrys cultures and customs. To study a foreign language well, one is supposed to not only focus on language learning itself, but also attach importance to a countrys cultures and customs from which the language stem. This practice can only be experienced by a learner himself/herself. Computer translation, in this case, settles nothing and cannot replace peoples own efforts.The charm of a language also lies in the fact that it is a precious gift of human beings. When studying a foreign language, students can develop their intelligence, stimulate their imagination and creativity, form a good habit of industry and strengthen their confidence. The process of learning a foreign language is actually the way to cultivate students all-around development. Computer translation, however wonderful it is, can never play such a role in this process.Eye-catching as computer translation may seem, it is by no means a cure-all solution. Maybe, with it, students can study a foreign language better. However, it cannot replace the role of students in learning a foreign language. After all, it is human beings who are the master of languages.4.As the pace of educational industrialization speeds up, the debate on tuition gets increasingly heated. Some conclude that college students should bear total expenses for their higher learning on the generalization that college graduates usually receive higher salaries for similar jobs than those without a college degree. We cannot deny that higher level of education, indeed, does associate with better income. Still, built on such fact alone, the conclusion remains questionable.The whole argument in question rests on an assumption that it is always the case that people with higher education make more money than those less well-educated. However, salary or income is, in most cases, based on contributions made by employees to companies or organizations in which they work. Statistics in the labor market indicate that people with professional training tend to find jobs easier than college graduates do and that blue-collar workers who do not hold college degrees are becoming the hotties in the labor market. Employers prefer to hire and pay more to highly skilled and specially trained people rather than fresh college graduates. In the auto industry, for instance, skilled technicians make two or three times more than their college educated counterparts who make the average salaries in other companies. And it is widely accepted that peoples income is determined more by talent, hard work, and willingness to take risks than solely by certain qualifications such as college education. Otherwise, the unemployment rate of college graduates would not be increasing every year and the rule of supply and demand will lose much of power in controlling the labor market. Admittedly, in some knowledge extensive fields such as research, teaching, and practice of law the labor force primarily consists of highly educated professionals. But such people make up only a fraction of the labor market and are thus unrepresentative of the whole employment in general. Considering the goal of education, we find that it is even more problematic for the country to throw all the responsibility of financing college education to college students. The goal of higher education of a nation is to improve and strengthen the general level of intellectual and professional capacity of its labor force, thereby increasing the competency of the nation in the global economy. As tax payers, parents all