外文翻译--重型越野汽车断开式驱动桥的研发

附 录 附录 A Heavy Off-Road Vehicle Drive Axle Of Breaking The important thing is, in the great assembly at the end of the transmission. Its basic function is increased by the transmission shaft or directly by the torque, came to the torque distribution to left and right drive wheels, and make the right and left wheel drive car has required the kinematics differential function, While carrying the spring load and the car wheel, the frame of the body through suspension or integral to plumb-lines, longitudinal and transverse force and moment force, Also the biggest transfer transmission torque, still under the bridge housing reaction torque. Drive structure and driving wheel is closely related to the suspension structure. When driving wheel using an independent suspension, using the broken open axles, When driving wheels adopt independent suspension, match with breaking drive axles, independent suspension. Look from exterior, independent suspension axles connectionless left and right of the whole bridge rigid driving wheel, shell is bridge housing, and other relative movement between. This bridge is installed in the middle frame or integral car transmission and driving wheel transmission device and part of the quality of the automobile suspension with belong to the quality and the side of the drive wheels with independent suspension of elastic component and frame or weak connection for cars. Therefore, one on either side of the drive wheels can independently, relative to the frame or cars do, swing, left, and right shaft corresponding requirements and their corresponding shell makes the corresponding swing. Cars drive by breaking the suspension, and the quality of small and independent suspension matching, can make the driving wheels of various earthing and adaptability, good roads that can greatly reduce the cars in the rough road impact and vibration during the body decreases wheel and axle tilt, the dynamic loads of vehicle, improve and enhance average speed, Reduce the damage, improve its components reliability and prolong its service life. Based on the development of Chinas heavy independent suspension of six x 6 cross-country car cut off from the drive axles, for example, is insufficient, the development technology independent suspension drive axle of necessity and independent suspension drive axle of structural principle in aspects of heavy off-road vehicle drive with independent suspension of this development. 1 Domestic independent suspension drive technology situation At present domestic independent suspension axles in cars, light off-road vehicle and JN252 8 x 8, etc ZhongDunWei military car has been applied and independent suspension heavy off-road vehicle axles technology is basically blank, Foreign independent suspension heavy off-road vehicle axles technology also only by American company, belarus, Minsk Sisu, Finland has TIMONEY company and Korea etc, and application scope of military and civilian limitations in some special models. 2 Develop independent suspension drive axle of necessity In recent years, with independent suspension off-road vehicle market demand more and more widely. Restrict independent suspension off-road vehicle development is one of the key factors, thus breaking drive axles of the necessity of developing broken off. 2.1Military car development needs Currently our extensive use of grade 6 x 6 type 7t SX2190 models is shaanxi automobile manufacturing factory using STEYR technology development of new generation rover, has good performance, and strong adaptability, good performance advantages over the past 20 years for national defense construction made great contribution. The truck with 8 x 8 upward-leading continuous casting.the JN2270 15t and capability of type x 8 August JN2300 type, the successful development of Chinas second DaiJun car development was at an end. In order to adapt to the needs of modern war, the third DaiJun car development was put on the agenda. Article DaiJun car features for independent suspension of high performance of motor vehicles. As its core technology is one of the big Hollywood drive shaft cut off, domestic blank, basic is dependence on imports, if do not accord with national also does not conform to the military. 2.2The basic needs of national construction For many years, our national economy is developing rapidly, and infrastructure investment growth, hydroelectric power, oil field, mine, coal and other industries such as fire like tea. The industry is inseparable from the high quality, the high performance of transport vehicles, independent suspension off-road vehicle is among the top. However, these vehicles almost entirely on imports, spent a great deal of foreign exchange. To develop a replacement model is of great significance to meet the market demand. 3 Independent suspension structure theory. Drive axle of Chinas heavy automobile group company with development and production status, independent development drive axle of the independent suspension 6 x 6 cross-country car drive shaft cut off big Hollywood. According to 6 x 6 independent suspension chassis design requirements, in this model adopted high transmission fault type axles. The first thing is to cut off to drive, high of double bridge for breaking through the medium-sized Bridges, rear axles turn for breaking steering of high axles. Three bridge are installed with gas control differential between the wheel lock differential, medium-sized Bridges across the bridge box installed with gas control differential between the lock shaft differential. Main reducer ratio for 1 2023, gear ratio for 4. 26 (belt wheel side filling put gas system, ABS), the total ratio 7.016, The medium-sized Bridges for 180 input end tooth flanges, output for 165 end flange, rear axle gears before the input for 165 end tooth flange, Each shaft axis for jose 13t. This design is mainly in steyr drive technology based on the development and design, design thoughts and 6 x is 6, 8 x 8, 10 December 10, military USES 10 series assemblies, reduce the new design of special parts. 8 x 8 middle bridge, 10 assembly, 10, and 12 million spxillion structure types are similar. The new design two broken open bridge, front axle shell adopts the breakthrough in the shell, type of bridge, using the same type of the rear axle housing learnings. On the basis of that, left, right, two kinds of half axle and cover and spline set assembly, and on the reduction and bridge box shell and the local improvement. High technology to drive the corresponding design. Before using high to drive axle of bridge structure, thus make the box with the same drive axle of center distance of the bridge, i.e. input than the original structure of flange steyr 100mm up front axle and bridge, can satisfy the same height flange vehicle transmission Angle to decorate the small request. Before turning mainly by high drive axles, before breaking casting bridge in the middle of the disc brake, using the shell with the filling of the deflated wheelhub ball cage patterned assembly, universal shaft coupling assembly etc. And now the thing turn compared with has the following characteristics: Using steel bridge housing, good rigidity, high strength. Using steyr mature main reducer and axle box of bridge structure of the existing technology (without prior to drive axle box structure), improve cross the bridge reliability. Using the ball cage patterned double gimbal couplings, can make the centerline of ball cage with to the center of the kingpin always in line with the wheels, reduce sliding wear. 4 conclusion With independent suspension car of rapid development, large-tonnage breaking drive axle of development of necessity and urgency. It not only can greatly improve the car ride and mobility, also for automobile driving performance such as power, economy, and has a direct impact on the stability, etc. Both can satisfy the military modernization needs, also can meet the needs of the development of national economy, therefore has the important practical significance. 附 录 B 重型越野汽车断开式驱动桥的研发 驱动桥是汽车的重要大总成 ,处于传动系的末端。其基本功能是增大由传动轴或直接由变速箱传来的转矩 ,将转矩分配给左、右驱动车轮 ,并使左、右车轮具有汽车行驶运动学所要求的差速功能 ；同时承载着汽车的簧上荷重及地面经车轮、车架或承载式车身经悬架给予铅垂力、纵向力、横向力及其力矩 ；还传递着传动系中的最大转矩 ,桥壳还承受着反作用力矩。 驱动桥的结构型式与驱动车轮的悬架结构密切相关。当驱动车轮采用非独立悬架时 ,采用非断开式驱动桥 ；当驱动车轮采用独立悬架时 ,则配以断开式驱动桥 ,即独立悬架驱动桥。从外观上看 ,独立悬架驱动桥无连接左、右驱动轮的刚性整体桥壳 ,它的桥壳是分段的 ,且彼此之间可作相对运动。这种桥的中段安装在车架或承载式车身上 ,并与传动轴及一部分驱动车轮传动装置的质量同属于汽车的悬挂质量 ,而两侧的驱动车轮则以独立悬架的弹性元件与车架或车厢作弱性联接。因此 ,两侧的驱动车轮可以彼此独立地相对于车架或车厢做上、下摆动 ,相应要求左、右半轴及其相应外壳作相应的摆动。汽车采用断开式驱动桥 ,则非悬挂质量小而且它又与独立悬架相匹配 ,可使驱动轮接地情况及对各种路况适应性较好 ,这样便可大大减少汽车在不平路面上行驶时振动冲击和车身的倾斜 ,减小车轮和车桥上的动载荷 ,提高汽车的行驶平顺性 ,提高汽车平均行驶速度 ；减少零件的损坏 ,提高其可靠性并延长其使用寿命。 本文以中国重汽研制开发的独立悬架 6 6 越野汽车的断开式驱动 桥为例 ,从驱动桥技术现状的不足、开发独立悬架驱动桥的必要性及独立悬架驱动桥的结构原理等方面对重型越野汽车用独立悬架驱动桥的开发作以阐述。 1 国内独立悬架驱动桥技术现状 目前国内独立悬架驱动桥在轿车、轻型越野车及 JN252 8 8 等中吨位军用车上得到了应用 ,而独立悬架重型越野汽车驱动桥技术基本上是空白 ；国外独立悬架重型越野汽车驱动桥技术也只有美国美驰公司、白俄罗斯明斯克、芬兰 Sisu公司及韩国 TIMONEY等具有 ,且应用范围局限于军用及民用的一些特殊车型。 2 开发独立悬架驱动桥的必要性 近年来 ,对独立悬架越野 汽车的市场需求越来越广。制约独立悬架越野汽车发展的关键因素之一是断开式驱动桥 ,因此开发断开式驱动桥的必要性凸现。 2.1 军用汽车发展的需要 目前我军大量使用的 7t级 6 6型 SX2190车型是陕西汽车制造总厂利用STEYR 技术研制的新一代越野车 ,具有动力性好、适应性强、越野性能优良等优点 ,近 20 年来为国防建设作出了巨大贡献。随着载重 12t 的 8 8 型 JN2270和载重 15t 的 8 8 型 JN2300 的研制成功 ,我国第二代军车系列的开发便划上了句号。为适应现代化战争的需要 ,第三代军车的开发便提上了日程。第三代军车主要 特点为独立悬挂的高机动性能车辆。作为其核心技术之一的大轴荷断开式驱动桥 ,国内基本是空白 ,若依赖进口 ,既不符合国情也不符合军情。 2.2 国家基本建设的需要 多年来 ,我国的国民经济飞速发展 ,基建投资规模大幅增长 ,水电、油田、矿山及煤炭等行业更是如火如茶。这些行业都离不开高品质、高性能的运输车辆 ,独立悬架越野汽车更是其中的佼佼者。但是 ,