公共英语听力(绝密).doc

听力部分答题技巧 Section 1 Listening( 听力） 1. 构成 A节（10题）：考查理解事实性信息的能力。 对话总长约400词。 B节（15题）：考查理解总体和特定信息的能力。要求根据听到的4段独白或者对话，选出符合题意的选项。每段平均约200词。 2. 做题技巧： 1）每段录音只放一遍 2）提示音：正式播放前有一个提示音，提示考生接下来听到的内容与对应的试题有关。需聚精会神听，捕捉有价值的信息。 3）指导语、停顿、转涂时间都在录音里。不要摘下耳机，在3分钟转涂时间结束时，有一段音乐，音乐结束，有一句英文“That is the end of the listening comprehension.”这时，考生可以摘下耳机，转向下一个题型。 4）听前读题时间：在PETS听力考试中，除规定的每题10秒听后答题时间外，每道题有5秒的听前读题时间。A节：每题有10+5秒的答题及阅读时间。B节：每题有5*n秒的读题时间，10*n秒的答题时间。 切莫把读下一题的时间用在答上一题上。 5）问题不在录音中，仅在试卷中出现，考生需要通过问题来了解需要重点听的内容。在A节中，听力题考查的信息点可能存在于两个说话人的话里，有可能只出现一次，有可能通过另一个人的回答或通过另一种表达方式第二次暗示给考生，因此不必惊慌。 6）有两大类问题的考查方向比较明确，直接提示信息点。（2016年真题） 一)、3. What did the man ask the woman to do? (A. go on a diet, B. have a snack, C. play some tennis, D. stop screaming) 原文：M：Why dont we stop for some crackers after the film? W: Id love to, but Im on a diet. M: But you are very slim. W: Yes, girls can never be too thin. 二)、使用了when, where, how much等疑问词或短语开头的问题。 1. Where does the conversation most probably take place? (A. post office, B. hotel, C. bank, D. supermarket) M: Good morning. May I help you? W: Id like to exchange some money first. M: Anything else? W: Then open a saving account. 7）有一些问题以why开头，或者what are they talking about? What can we learn from the conversation? What can we learn about the woman?这类问题不容易把握信息点，需要一直全神贯注。 Eg,6. What does the woman mean?(A. asking for a higher pay, B. introducing a new friend, C. too busy, D. she has got some problems) 原题： M：Id like to talk to you about our next building project. Can you fix a meeting for this week? What about Thursday?W:Well, Im sorry. Ive been extremely busy this week. Ill be at a meeting all day on Thursday. And Im going out of town on Friday. Is Wednesday all right? 题型剖析 一、含义推断题 二、计划与行动题 三、建议与请求题 四、赞成与否定题 五、虚拟语气与条件关系题 六、地点题 七、人物身份关系题 八、因果关系题 九、时间和数字题 十、生活场景题 一、含义推断题 无法从对话中直接找到答案，从上下文推导答案 1、选项特征 四个选项为长难句 2、问题特征 What + 关键词 + mean? What do we learn from the conversation? What can we infer from the conversation? What can be concluded from the conversation? What does the passage infer / imply? 含义推断题主要根据两个对话者所谈的内容进行进一步的推断，从更深层次上考查考生对对话内容的理解程度。 1、听清语调表达的意义 降调：表示对事物的肯定 升调：表示对事物的怀疑、否定和不解 2、委婉否定和虚拟语气在含义推断题中所占比例不小，所以掌握这两种语法是正 确解题的关键 3、第二个讲话人的具体内容往往是解题中心 4、需要运用一定的英语国家文化背景以及常用的习语表达方式 W: Look here, darling. The paper says people tend to feel unwell if they sleep less than six hours a day. M: That may be true for you, but it certainly isnt true for me. Q: What can we conclude from the mans reply? A) He wants to have more sleep. B) His wife doesnt sleep well. C) Women need more sleep than men. D) He doesnt need as much sleep as his wife. 答案是D。找弦外之音。男的说报上说的六个小时睡眠不能少，对妻子也许对，对自己不对，言外之意自己不用睡那么多。 M: Think it over carefully, you must have left it somewhere. W: But the problem is that I have to have it now. I need it to use my car, and when I get home, to open the door. Q: What happened to the woman? A) She lost her way. B) She lost her keys. C) She lost her car. D) She lost her handbag. 答案是B。没有直接讲钥匙，但开车和开门非用钥匙不可，凭常识判断即可。 M: Lets see if the basketball game has started yet. W: Started? It must be clear who is winning by now. Q: What does the woman mean? A) She is sure who is going to win. B) Now it is a good time to start the game. C) The game has been going on for a long time. D) The same team always wins. 答案是C。女的说，不是开始的问题，差不多是决出胜负的时候了，由此可知比赛已进行较长时间了。 重复强调的两种形式： 1、B中重复A中信息并加以解释说明，答案选与该信息不同或相反的选项 2、B中直接以重复A中的信息结束，答案就为该信息 A: Hi, Are you looking for a young man who is looking for a watch? B: A young man, madam? Q: What are they looking for? A) Young man B) Young woman C) Watch D) Young gentleman M: Congratulations! I understand youve got a job. When will you start to work? W: You must be thinking of someone else. Im still waiting to hear the good news. Q: What does the woman mean? A) She doesnt need the job. B) She hasnt got a job yet. C) She has got a good job. D) She is going to start work soon. 答案是B。女的讲她在等着好消息，说明还没有找到工作。 M: Is Jane looking forward to going home for the summer? W: She is counting the days. Q: What does the woman imply? A) Jane is looking for a summer job. B) Jane is packing for the summer vacation. C) Jane is on her way home. D) Jane is eager to go home for the vacation. 答案是D。女的说Jane在数着日子，说明她焦急地盼望暑假回家。 二、计划与行动题 1、选项特征 四个选项是动词或不定式，或主语相同，动词不同 2、问题特征 What does the man want / plan to do? What happened to the man? What are they going to do? W: Jim, theres a really good view over there. M: Sorry, we cant stop here. Theres nowhere to park. Q: What is the man doing? A) Walking. B) Boating. C) Driving. D) Shopping. 答案是C。 M: Would you like to come with me to the theater? W: No, not today. Ive got some sewing to do now, but you can get some tickets for next Saturday. Q: What does the woman want to do next weekend? A) Go and see a performance. B) To get some tickets. C) Go and buy a new dress. D) Do some sewing at home. A) 将来 B) 男人将来 C) 无 D) 女人现在 答案是A。 三、建议与请求题 1、出题特点 说话人中的一方提供某种帮助或提出某种请求，而另一方则做出肯定或否定的反 应。 把对话中凡是中心话题是试图影响劝诱对方，期待对方给予答复的建议、邀约、说 服、提议等都归入“suggest”。 将命令、指示、要求等话题归入“request”。 2、提问方式 How did the man respond.? What will the man do? What is the man going to do? What does the man offer to do? What does the man suggest / propose / advise / want to.? What does the woman probably do? 3、解题技巧 1）抓住建议请求处做题。句式为： （1）包含情态动词的句子 （2）祈使句 （3）反意问句 （4）否定疑问句 （5）包括有表示建议词汇的句子 How about.? Why not.? Wouldnt.? Youd better. Lets. Shall we.? 2）考场思路 （1）观察选项 （2）边听边预测 a、留心选择对话中动词的同义词 b、留心被提供或请求一方的态度是肯定或否定，关键词为but或任何转 折、矛盾的词 （3）在问题的过程中调整测试重心 W: Im so tired today that I can hardly stay up tonight. M: Just leave the work to me. Q: What does the man offer to do? A) He will leave with the woman. B) He will stay up tonight. C) He will do the work for the woman. D)He will stay with the woman. 正确答案是C。 W: Im thinking of taking five courses next semester. M: Wouldnt four be wiser? Q: What does the man mean? A. There are too many courses offered to students. B. The woman should take fewer courses next term. C. The man will take four courses next semester. D. It is wiser to take more than four courses. 答案是B。 有关建议题的几种形式 1）在A句当中出现建议，听B句的回答 2）在B句中直接以建议结尾，答案就为该信息 3）在B句中有but加上建议，答案选but后面的信息 四、赞成与否定题 1）一人用肯定的方式表达，则另一人表示赞同 yes, sure, of course, Thats a good idea., out of question, no problem, by all means 2）表示不赞同、不完全赞同或反对 no, not really, not likely, sorry, Im not sure., please dont, I am afraid not, not at all, no way, out of the question 3）一人用否定表述，则另一人若表示赞同 no, of course not, you dont 表示反对 yes, of course, you do 一些短语、句型等可以含蓄地表达否定的意义 never, scarcely, seldom, scarcely seldom, rarely, hardly, barely, unable, impossible, incapable, unnecessary, unbelievable, little, ill-minded, no one, nobody, none, nothing, neither, nor, dislike, ignore, fail, refuse, hate, stop . from, miss, overlook, keep . from, far from, anything but, without, instead of, out of, short of, too . to ., rather than, prefer . to, beyond 提请考生注意： 1）双重否定表示肯定意义 not impossible, not untrue, cant agree more, not unusual, not single . absent, no one . not 2）当all, every, many, always等与not同时出现在一句话中时，构成部分否定（或部 分肯定），意思是“并非全都，不是每个”等。 3）虚拟语气表述的内容在事实上是不存在的（即对所表述的内容是否定的）。 值得注意的是，有时否定并不靠词或短语表达，而是通过语气。比如反意疑问句也是否定的表达方式，另外，but引导的句子实际上就暗含了对前面的否定。 M: I sent a letter to make a reservation for a single room a few days ago. W: Im sorry, your request arrived too late. There are some conferences in town this week and were full up. Q: Are there any spare rooms at hotel? A) No, all the rooms are taken. B) Yes, there is a double room. C) Yes, there are some spare rooms. D) Yes, there is a single room. 答案是A。关键词是were full up（客满）。 W: You have arranged to meet Mr. Johnson on Wednesday. So I dont have to write to him, do I? M: Theres no need to write to him. Q: What are the speakers talking about? A) The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting. B) Where they are going to meet Mr. Johnson. C) The necessity of writing to Mr. Johnson. D) Who is going to contact Mr. Johnson. 答案是C。两人都讲到没有必要给约翰逊先生写信，这是讲话的主要目的，提到遇见只是交待不必写信的背景。 五、虚拟语气与条件关系题 1、虚拟语气与条件关系如何区分 2、条件关系句型都有哪些 if, unless, suppose, in case, as long as, with / without 3、虚拟语气的句型 1）if虚拟句 a、表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语的主要形式为： 从句：过去式 主句：should / would / could / might + 动词原形 b、表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语的主要形式为： 从句：had + 过去分词 主句：should / would / could / might + have + 过去分词 c、表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语的主要形式为： 从句：过去式 主句：should / would / could / might + 动词原形 特殊形式： 当从句所发生的时间与主句发生的时间不一致时，可以使用错综时间条件句 如：一个是与过去事实相反，一个是与现在事实相反 If we had left a little earlier, we wouldnt be late. 2）If only后的从句，用过去时表示与现在相反，用过去完成时表示与过去相反，也可用情态动词could, would等 + 动词原形，表示对将来的憧憬，如： If only it would stop snowing! 3）用as if, as though引导的状语从句中多用虚拟语气，用过去时表示与现在相反，用过去完成时表示与过去相反，如： You look as if you had seen a ghost. 4）在以for fear that, lest, in case引导的目的状语从句中，可以用should + 动词原形表示虚拟，也可以用may或might，如： He is studying hard for fear that he should / might / may fail the exam. 5）wish后面的虚拟宾语从句，用过去时表示与现在相反，用过去完成时表示与过去相反，也可用情态动词could, would等 + 动词原形，表示对将来的憧憬，如： I wish I had been to France. 4、虚拟语气与关系推理题答题的要领 虚拟语气和条件关系句都是考点句。二者的推理方式不同，因为虚拟语气句往往与事实相反，所以考的是正反推理；条件关系句考的是假设推理，因此区分虚拟语气与条件关系句是解题的关键。 W: I wish my hair was longer. M: Yes, pity you had it cut. If only youd listened to me. Q: What can we learn from the dialogue? A) The man didnt want the woman to have her hair cut. B) The woman followed the mans advice. C) The woman is wearing long hair now. D) The man didnt care if the woman had her hair cut or not. 答案是A。 六、地点题 1、提问方式 Where did / does the conversation take place? Where is the man / woman probably going? Where will the man go first? Where does the woman live now? 2、答题要领 边听边记笔记，抓住能反映场所的关键词语 3、分类 1）对谈话中涉及的场所进行提问 M: Has George returned from Europe yet? W: Yes, but he had been only here for three days before his company sent him to Canada. Q: Where is George now? A) Europe. B) Here. C) Canada. D) California. 答案是C。 W: Do you enjoy life in Washington? M: Yes, indeed. Im planning to move to New York or Boston. Anyway, Ive never regretted my earlier decision. Q: Where does the man live now? A) In New York. B) In Boston. C) In Newport. D) In Washington. 答案是D。 2）对谈话所在场所进行提问 school / university - 学校： department, dean, college, professor, student, tutor, academic report, lab, undergraduate, graduate, bachelors degree, assignment, academic year, registration, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, postgraduate, full-time, scholarship, essay, term paper, student center, credit, required / compulsory course, elective / optional course, masters degree, doctors degree, lecture, teaching assistant, dining hall, campus airport or on plane - 飞机场或在飞机上： airliner, boarding card, destination, cancel a flight, delay, check in, luggage, fasten the safety belt, crew, take off, land, departure time, arrival time, passport, visa, luggage check restaurant - 饭馆： make a reservation, order, wine, beer, whisky, soup, bread, rice, noodle, hamburger, hot dog, sandwich, pizza, apple pie, potato, tomato, meat, pork, chicken, mutton, pie, roast, fry, steam, main food, pay bill, cash, go Dutch, menu, beefsteak, waiter / waitress, customer, salad, tip, soft drink, dessert library - 图书馆： librarian, reader, card, lend, borrow, renew, return, call number, catalog, overdue fine, reference book, latest / current issue, back issue, journal post office - 邮局： registered mail, regular mail, transfer, cable, parcel, package, postage hospital - 医院： surgeon, physician, dentist, physical examination, prescription, symptom, take temperature, give an injection, blood pressure, operation, fever, bad cold, lung cancer, cough, take medicine, pill, tablet, capsule, ward bank - 银行： current account, service charge, cash the cheque, saving / check account, account, savings, deposit, draw out, credit card, open an account, deposit money, draw money, interest rate, exchange rate, foreign currency W: We have several accounts, Mr. Brown. The best interest rate is for the customer global account, but you must maintain a monthly balance of 100 dollars. M: That would be fine. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 发生地点是bank。 七、人物身份关系题 1、常用提问方式 What kind of job does the man have? What is the mans profession? What most probably is Mary? What is the relationship between the two speakers? Who is talking to the woman / man? Who do you think the man / woman is? 2、答题要领 抓住关键词，同时注意说话者的语气和态度。另外，地点状语也会暗示正确答案。 1）teachers and students - 师生之间：同校园场景 2）classmates - 同学之间：students union, student center, dormitory 3）librarian and student - 图书管理员与学生之间：同图书馆场景 4）shop assistant and customer - 售货员与顾客之间：同商店场景 5）waiter / waitress and diner - 侍者和客人之间：同饭馆场景 6）doctor and patient - 医生和病人之间：同医院场景 7）husband and wife - 夫妻之间：同家庭场景。而且谈论的话题会非常广泛，但考 生可以体会到对话双方说话语气十分亲密 3、分类 人物关系题、职业判断题、人物身份判断题 W: How long will it take you to fix my watch? M: Ill call you when its ready. But it shouldnt take longer than a week. Q: What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A) Librarian and student. B) Operator and caller. C) Boss and secretary. D) Customer and repairman. 答案是D。 M: How about the food I ordered? I have been waiting for 20 minutes already. W: Very sorry, sir. Ill be back with your order in a minute. Q: Whats the womans job? A) A shop assistant. B) A telephone operator. C) A waitress. D) A clerk. 答案是C。 W: Excuse me, sir. Im going to send this parcel to London. Whats the postage for it? M: Let me see. Its one pound and fifty. Q: Who is the woman most probably speaking to? A) A railway porter. B) A bus conductor. C) A taxi driver. D) A postal clerk. 答案是D。 八、因果关系题 1、常见的表示因果关系的词语和短语 because, for, since, as, now that, in that, due to, owing to, as a result of, on account of, that is why, that is why the reason, the reason why, give rise to, bring about, lead to, result in, as a consequence M: The students English club is having a party on Saturday night. Can you come? W: I would like to, but I work at a restaurant on weekends. Q: Why cant the woman go to the party? A) Because she has got an appointment. B) Because she doesnt want to. C) Because she has to work. D) Because she wants to eat in a new restaurant. 答案是C。 M: Nancy, why were you late today? W: I overslept and missed the bus. Q: Why was Nancy late? A) She got up later than usual. B) The bus was late. C) She forgot she had classes. D) Her clock was slow. 答案是A。 M: Hi, Susan. I hear that you walk all the way to the office these days. W: Yes. I have found great pleasure in walking. Thats the type of exercise I enjoy very much. Q: Why does the woman walk all the way to the office? A) She takes it as a kind of exercise. B) She wants to save money. C) She loves doing anything that is new. D) Her office is not very far. 答案是A。 九、时间和数字题 1、时间题的提问方式 When did the show start? How often will he have English lessons? How long did it take Tom to write his essay? At what time did the conversation take place? When will the next train leave for New York? What time is it now? When will the train leave? At what time did the man say the show will begin? 2、时间题的答题要领 边听边记笔记。同时不要轻易选择与原文中时间读音完全相同或部分相同的选项。 介词和副词： before, while, when, during, after, later, no sooner . than, earlier, since, as soon as, secondly, first of all, afterwards, then, finally, once, until 做时间题时要抓住时间的先后顺序，注意听表示时间的各种连词、介词和副词，注意动作的先后顺序 平时听力训练注意： 1）要熟练掌握时刻的表达法 2）要熟练掌握年、月、日的读法 every other day / every two days this time/ next week / a fortnight decade, score, century 3）要注意有关时间提前或推后的表达法 ten minutes ear