动词时态与语态结构讲解.doc

动词时态与语态结构讲解动词的时态及结构时态一般进行完成完成进行现在workworksamis workingarehavehas workedhavehasbeen doing 过去workedwaswereworkinghad workedhad been working将来willshallworkwill beshall beworkingwillshallhave workedwillshallhave been worked非延续性动词变延续性动词表leave离开be away (from)catch a cold感冒have a coldbuy买havecome back回来be backborrow借keepmarry结婚be marriedget up起床be upcome来be hereput on上演be onget to know知道know动词的被动语态例句：I teach English. 我教英语。（主动语态） Our English is taught by him. 我们的英语是由他教的。（被动语态）总结构：be done （每个时态的助动词 + 过去分词）一般现在时的被动语态am/ is/ are + done例句：Chinese is learnt by more and more people in the world.一般过去时的被动语态was/ were + done例句：The houses were built twenty years ago.一般将来时的被动语态will /shall /be going to + be done例句：The sports meeting will be held next month.情态动词的被动语态can/ could/ may/ might/ must/ should + be done例句：The car should be cleaned.常用被动语态句式1. It is believed that (人们相信) It is believed that the secret will be found out. 人们相信秘密会被揭开。2. It is reported that (据报道) It is reported that a new airport will be built next year. 据报道明年将建一座机场。3. It is said that (据说) It is said that we will have a new classmate. 据说我们将有一位新同学。状语从句及频度副词1 原因状语从句l because (直接原因，语气最重，必然结果，用Why提问)Mr. Wright will sell it because it doesnt work.l since(已然知晓，显然原因，侧重主句，语气稍弱)Since everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.l as(从句原因，主句结果，从主并重，口气较强)As it is raining heavily, we wont go to the seaside.l for(并列连词，附加推断，不放句首，逗号分开)It must have rained last night, for the ground is still wet.Ex. 1) He asked for leave _ he went to see a doctor.Abecause B. when C. until D. if2. 结果状语从句sothat/ suchthatEx. 1) She has been _ sick _ she cant work right now.2) Quasimodo is _ an ugly man _ he is afraid to meet people.3. 目的状语从句Ex. 1) Youd better speak louder _ you can be heard by all.A. though B. so that C. in case D. until2) Please remind me of the meeting again tomorrow _ I forget. (2008)A. though B. so that C. in case D. untilso that 辨析He spoke clearly, so that we heard him. 结果状语从句（so that 前有，）he spoke clearly so that we could hear him. 目的状语从句（没有,）4. 让步状语从句Ex. 1) _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although2)All people, _ they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however5. 条件状语从句Ex. 1) You will be late _ you leave immediately.A. or B. if C. until D. unless2) I wont call you, _ something unexpected happens.A. unless B. whether C. because D. while6. 时间状语从句Ex. 1) Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although2) You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again, the old man said angrily.A. because B. since C. when D. until3) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A. why B. where C. when D. while频度副词的准确使用100% all the time90% almost, always80% usually60-70% often40-50% sometimes(多一点)，from time to time5% rarely, hardly, seldom0% neverneither nor 与either or的区别u either.or.意为或者或者；不是就是之意。1. 表示“两者之一”，连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如： When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances. 那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。(此句中either.or.连接两个动词，因为主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要用其相应的形式。) 2. either.or.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的就近原则。例如： Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 注意：如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助动词形式与主语you保持一致，所以要用are提问，而不是am。例如： Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你还是我去那里？ ? 单独使用either，其意为两者中的任何一个。例如： There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。 There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道两边有许多商店。 u neither.nor.是either.or.的否定形式, 表示既不也不。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。? 例如：Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。 ? 连接两个主语时，也应遵循就近原则。例如： Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。 若将neither.nor.句型变为肯定句，只需把neither.nor.改为both.and.即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如： Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。? 单独使用neither作主语，表示两者中没有一个。例如： Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。? Neither(nor)/ either在倒装句中用法,表示否定的“也”。例句：I dont like milk. Neither does she./ Nor does she. 我不喜欢牛奶，她也是。 = I dont like milk. She doesnt either. 其结构为：Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词+主语。 主语+ 助动词not + either。补充：倒装句中表示肯定的“也”例句：I will go shopping tomorrow. She will, too. = So will she.我明天要去购物，她也是。三星笔试相近词汇辨析used to do sth过去习惯做某事（只能用于过去时，表示过去经常做的事， to 后面跟动词原形）be/ get used to sth/ doing sth习惯于某事/做某事（有时态变化）1. He _go to bed very late when he was young.2. He _ the weather in Shanghai.look for寻找find找到find out找出；查出；发现1. Theyre _ a place to live.2. He _ his pen in the canteen.3. How did you _ her new home address?fit合适（多指大小、尺寸合适）match相衬；相配（多指颜色、大小等方面的搭配）suit合适（多指颜色、花样或款式合适）1. The jacket doesnt _ me.2. He bought a new shirt to _ the tie.3. The color doesnt _ him.attend参加（多指出席会议、听报告等）join成为的一员；加入（某团体等）（join the army）参军；join the party 入党take part in参加（多指参加活动）1. Many people _ the meeting last Friday.2. Did you _ the lecture this morning?3. Why not _ us to the party?4. He _ the party ten years ago.5. How many people _ the sports meeting?lose丢失；输掉； 减少（主语是人 ）lose ones way 迷路missing丢失（主语是物）miss丢失；错过；怀念1. Ive _my way.2. Ive _ my pen.3. My pen _.4. I got up so late that I _ the school bus this morning.forget忘记某事或某物（forget to do sth）忘记去做某事（指事情没有做）， forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（指事情已经做了）leave把某物或某人留在某处1. I have_ your telephone number.2. I _ to write my name on the paper.3. I _ seeing him yesterday.4. I _ my notebook at home.cost需花费；价钱为； 使损失（常用结构为：sth cost (sb) some money()）pay付款（常用结构为：sb pays some money for sth）spend花费（既可表示花费金钱，也可表示花费时间， 常用结构为： sb spends some money /time on sth/ (in) doing sthtake花费（既可表示花费金钱，也可表示花费时间，常用结构为：it takes sb some time/ money to do sth）1. The metal _ us 100 yuan.2. I _ 10 yuan for the pen.3. He _ all his money (in) buying the new bike.4. Dont _ too much time on computer games.5. It _ me two hours to finish my homework.6. It _ him 200