追踪地理科学前沿改革高校地理教学追踪地理科学前沿改革高校地理教学.pdf

追踪地理科学前沿 改革高校地理教学 追踪地理科学前沿追踪地理科学前沿 改革高校地理教学 追踪地理科学前沿追踪地理科学前沿 追踪地理科学前沿 改革高校地理教学改革高校地理教学改革高校地理教学改革高校地理教学 蔡运龙蔡运龙蔡运龙蔡运龙 引言引言引言引言引言引言 钱学森的感慨 回过头来看 这么多年培养的钱学森的感慨 回过头来看 这么多年培养的钱学森的感慨 回过头来看 这么多年培养的钱学森的感慨 回过头来看 这么多年培养的 学生 还没有哪一个的学术成就 能跟民国时学生 还没有哪一个的学术成就 能跟民国时学生 还没有哪一个的学术成就 能跟民国时学生 还没有哪一个的学术成就 能跟民国时 期培养的大师相比 期培养的大师相比 期培养的大师相比 期培养的大师相比 民国民国民国民国3838年间 全国共有年间 全国共有年间 全国共有年间 全国共有2525万人获得大学毕业证万人获得大学毕业证万人获得大学毕业证万人获得大学毕业证 书 平均一年不足书 平均一年不足书 平均一年不足书 平均一年不足70007000人 而人 而人 而人 而20082008年我国一年年我国一年年我国一年年我国一年 毕业的大学生人数达到毕业的大学生人数达到毕业的大学生人数达到毕业的大学生人数达到559559万 大约是民国时万 大约是民国时万 大约是民国时万 大约是民国时 期培养规模的期培养规模的期培养规模的期培养规模的800800倍 倍 倍 倍 然而 民国时期大师辈出 新中国为什么培养然而 民国时期大师辈出 新中国为什么培养然而 民国时期大师辈出 新中国为什么培养然而 民国时期大师辈出 新中国为什么培养 不出那样的大师 不出那样的大师 不出那样的大师 不出那样的大师 钱学森认为 钱学森认为 钱学森认为 钱学森认为 一个重要原因是没有一所大学一个重要原因是没有一所大学一个重要原因是没有一所大学一个重要原因是没有一所大学 能够按照培养科学技术发明创造人才的模式去能够按照培养科学技术发明创造人才的模式去能够按照培养科学技术发明创造人才的模式去能够按照培养科学技术发明创造人才的模式去 办学 没有自己独特的创新的东西 老是办学 没有自己独特的创新的东西 老是办学 没有自己独特的创新的东西 老是办学 没有自己独特的创新的东西 老是 冒冒冒冒 不出杰出人才 不出杰出人才 不出杰出人才 不出杰出人才 本文结合地理学的情况探究其中一个原因 即本文结合地理学的情况探究其中一个原因 即本文结合地理学的情况探究其中一个原因 即本文结合地理学的情况探究其中一个原因 即 高校教学内容与科学研究前沿脱节 民国时期高校教学内容与科学研究前沿脱节 民国时期高校教学内容与科学研究前沿脱节 民国时期高校教学内容与科学研究前沿脱节 民国时期 大学没有现成的地理学教材 教学内容主要来大学没有现成的地理学教材 教学内容主要来大学没有现成的地理学教材 教学内容主要来大学没有现成的地理学教材 教学内容主要来 自地理学研究 而现在的教材汗牛充栋 但往自地理学研究 而现在的教材汗牛充栋 但往自地理学研究 而现在的教材汗牛充栋 但往自地理学研究 而现在的教材汗牛充栋 但往 往脱离地理科学前沿 往脱离地理科学前沿 往脱离地理科学前沿 往脱离地理科学前沿 解题之道就是解题之道就是解题之道就是解题之道就是 追踪地理科学前沿 改革高校追踪地理科学前沿 改革高校追踪地理科学前沿 改革高校追踪地理科学前沿 改革高校 地理教学地理教学地理教学地理教学 全球变化地理学全球变化地理学全球变化地理学全球变化地理学 地球系统科学地球系统科学地球系统科学地球系统科学 可持续性科学可持续性科学可持续性科学可持续性科学 创新思想与方法创新思想与方法创新思想与方法创新思想与方法 一 全球变化地理学一 全球变化地理学一 全球变化地理学一 全球变化地理学 全球变化主要指由自然和人文因素引起全球变化主要指由自然和人文因素引起全球变化主要指由自然和人文因素引起全球变化主要指由自然和人文因素引起 的全球环境变化 尤其是气候变化及其的全球环境变化 尤其是气候变化及其的全球环境变化 尤其是气候变化及其的全球环境变化 尤其是气候变化及其 效应 广义看来 全球变化还包括经效应 广义看来 全球变化还包括经效应 广义看来 全球变化还包括经效应 广义看来 全球变化还包括经 济全球化和地缘经济变化 地缘政治变济全球化和地缘经济变化 地缘政治变济全球化和地缘经济变化 地缘政治变济全球化和地缘经济变化 地缘政治变 化 地缘社会和文化变化等 化 地缘社会和文化变化等 化 地缘社会和文化变化等 化 地缘社会和文化变化等 GEOGRAPHIES OF GLOBAL CHANGE GEOGRAPHIES OF GLOBAL CHANGE Remapping the WorldRemapping the World 1 Geography Globalization1 Geography Globalization Part I GeoPart I Geo economic Changeeconomic Change Introduction to Part I The Reconfiguration Introduction to Part I The Reconfiguration of Late Twentiethof Late Twentieth Century CapitalismCentury Capitalism 2 A Hyperactive World2 A Hyperactive World 3 Trading Worlds3 Trading Worlds 4 From Farming to Agribusiness Global 4 From Farming to Agribusiness Global AgriAgri Food NetworksFood Networks 5 Transnational Corporations and Global 5 Transnational Corporations and Global Divisions of LaborDivisions of Labor 6 Global Change in the World of Organized 6 Global Change in the World of Organized LaborLabor 7 Trajectories of Development Theory 7 Trajectories of Development Theory Capitalism Socialism and BeyondCapitalism Socialism and Beyond Part II Geopolitical ChangePart II Geopolitical Change Introduction to Part II After the Cold WarIntroduction to Part II After the Cold War 8 Democracy and Human Rights After the 8 Democracy and Human Rights After the Cold WarCold War 9 The Renaissance of Nationalism9 The Renaissance of Nationalism 10 Global Regulation and Trans10 Global Regulation and Trans State State OrganizationOrganization 11 The Rise of the Workfare State11 The Rise of the Workfare State 12 Post12 Post Cold War Geopolitics Contrasting Cold War Geopolitics Contrasting Superpowers in a World of Global DangersSuperpowers in a World of Global Dangers Part III GeoPart III Geo social Changesocial Change Introduction to Part III People in TurmoilIntroduction to Part III People in Turmoil 13 Population Crises From the Global to the 13 Population Crises From the Global to the LocalLocal 14 Global Change and Patterns of Death and 14 Global Change and Patterns of Death and DiseaseDisease 15 Changing Women s Status in a Global 15 Changing Women s Status in a Global EconomyEconomy 16 Stuck in Place Children and the 16 Stuck in Place Children and the Globalization of Social ReproductionGlobalization of Social Reproduction 17 Race and Globalization17 Race and Globalization Part IV GeoPart IV Geo cultural Changecultural Change Introduction to Part IV Modernity Introduction to Part IV Modernity Identity and Machineries of MeaningIdentity and Machineries of Meaning 18 Consumption in a Globalizing World18 Consumption in a Globalizing World 19 Understanding Diversity The Problem 19 Understanding Diversity The Problem of for of for TheoryTheory 20 Resisting and Reshaping Destructive 20 Resisting and Reshaping Destructive Development Social Movements and Development Social Movements and Globalizing NetworksGlobalizing Networks 21 World Cities and the Organization of 21 World Cities and the Organization of Global SpaceGlobal Space 22 The Emerging Geographies of 22 The Emerging Geographies of CyberspaceCyberspace Part V GeoPart V Geo environmental Changeenvironmental Change Introduction to Part V A Burden Too Far Introduction to Part V A Burden Too Far 23 The Earth Transformed Trends 23 The Earth Transformed Trends Trajectories and PatternsTrajectories and Patterns 24 The Earth as Input Resources24 The Earth as Input Resources 25 The Earth as Output Pollution25 The Earth as Output Pollution 26 Sustainable Development 26 Sustainable Development 27 Environmental Governance27 Environmental Governance Part VI ConclusionPart VI Conclusion 28 Remapping the World What Sort of 28 Remapping the World What Sort of Map What Sort of World Map What Sort of World 二 地球系统科学二 地球系统科学二 地球系统科学二 地球系统科学二 地球系统科学二 地球系统科学 人类活动是全球环境变化的主要驱动力 导致人类活动是全球环境变化的主要驱动力 导致人类活动是全球环境变化的主要驱动力 导致人类活动是全球环境变化的主要驱动力 导致 地球各组成要素及其相互关系发生变化 地球各组成要素及其相互关系发生变化 地球各组成要素及其相互关系发生变化 地球各组成要素及其相互关系发生变化 研究地球各组成要素及其相互关系的自然科学研究地球各组成要素及其相互关系的自然科学研究地球各组成要素及其相互关系的自然科学研究地球各组成要素及其相互关系的自然科学 和研究人类活动的社会科学 对于认识和对付和研究人类活动的社会科学 对于认识和对付和研究人类活动的社会科学 对于认识和对付和研究人类活动的社会科学 对于认识和对付 全球环境变化同等重要 全球环境变化同等重要 全球环境变化同等重要 全球环境变化同等重要 这种共识成为建立和发展地球系统科学的主要这种共识成为建立和发展地球系统科学的主要这种共识成为建立和发展地球系统科学的主要这种共识成为建立和发展地球系统科学的主要 依据 因为地球系统是一个自然和社会综合的依据 因为地球系统是一个自然和社会综合的依据 因为地球系统是一个自然和社会综合的依据 因为地球系统是一个自然和社会综合的 系统 系统 系统 系统 地球系统科学国际研究计划 国际地圈地球系统科学国际研究计划 国际地圈地球系统科学国际研究计划 国际地圈地球系统科学国际研究计划 国际地圈 生物圈计划 生物圈计划 生物圈计划 生物圈计划 IGBPIGBP 全球环境变化人 全球环境变化人 全球环境变化人 全球环境变化人 文因素计划 文因素计划 文因素计划 文因素计划 IHDPIHDP 世界气候研究计 世界气候研究计 世界气候研究计 世界气候研究计 划 划 划 划 WCRPWCRP 和生物多样性计划 和生物多样性计划 和生物多样性计划 和生物多样性计划 DIVERSTATSDIVERSTATS 作为自然科学和社会科学桥梁的地理学作为自然科学和社会科学桥梁的地理学作为自然科学和社会科学桥梁的地理学作为自然科学和社会科学桥梁的地理学 应该在认识和对付全球环境变化 发 应该在认识和对付全球环境变化 发 应该在认识和对付全球环境变化 发 应该在认识和对付全球环境变化 发 展地球系统科学中发挥重要作用 甚至展地球系统科学中发挥重要作用 甚至展地球系统科学中发挥重要作用 甚至展地球系统科学中发挥重要作用 甚至 是核心作用 是核心作用 是核心作用 是核心作用 高校地理教学应该反映这种趋势 高校地理教学应该反映这种趋势 高校地理教学应该反映这种趋势 高校地理教学应该反映这种趋势 1 1Essentials of GeographyEssentials of Geography EnergyEnergy Atmosphere SystemAtmosphere System 2 2 Solar Energy to Earth and the SeasonsSolar Energy to Earth and the Seasons 3 Earth s Modern Atmosphere3 Earth s Modern Atmosphere 4 4 Atmosphere and Surface Energy BalancesAtmosphere and Surface Energy Balances 5 5 Global TemperaturesGlobal Temperatures 6 6 Atmospheric and Oceanic CirculationsAtmospheric and Oceanic Circulations Water Weather and Climate SystemWater Weather and Climate System 7 Water and Atmospheric Moisture7 Water and Atmospheric Moisture 8 8 WeatherWeather 9 9 Water ResourcesWater Resources 10 Global Climate Systems10 Global Climate Systems EarthEarth Atmosphere Interface Atmosphere Interface 11 The Dynamic Planet11 The Dynamic Planet 12 Tectonics Earthquakes and Volcanism12 Tectonics Earthquakes and Volcanism 13 Weathering 13 Weathering KarstKarst Landscapes and Mass Landscapes and Mass MovementMovement 14 River Systems and Landforms14 River Systems and Landforms 15 Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes15 Aeolian Processes and Arid Landscapes 16 The Oceans Coastal Processes and Landforms16 The Oceans Coastal Processes and Landforms 17 Glacial and 17 Glacial and PeriglacialPeriglacial Processes and LandformsProcesses and Landforms Soil Ecosystem and BiomesSoil Ecosystem and Biomes 18 The Geography of Soils18 The Geography of Soils 19 Ecosystem Essentials19 Ecosystem Essentials 20 Terrestrial Biomes20 Terrestrial Biomes 21 Earth and the Human Denominator21 Earth and the Human Denominator 关于地理学与地球系统科学的关联 本书有如关于地理学与地球系统科学的关联 本书有如关于地理学与地球系统科学的关联 本书有如关于地理学与地球系统科学的关联 本书有如 下观点 下观点 下观点 下观点 Geographers use earth systems scienceGeographers use earth systems science Geography is Geography is a method not a body of knowledgea method not a body of knowledge HolisticHolistic eclecticeclectic Geography is the science that studies the relationships Geography is the science that studies the relationships among among natural systemsnatural systems geographic areasgeographic areas SocietySociety cultural activitiescultural activities and the interdependence of all of these over spaceand the interdependence of all of these over space Geographers use spatial analysisGeographers use spatial analysis 三 可持续性科学三 可持续性科学三 可持续性科学三 可持续性科学三 可持续性科学三 可持续性科学 可持续性科学是应可持续发展的需求而可持续性科学是应可持续发展的需求而可持续性科学是应可持续发展的需求而可持续性科学是应可持续发展的需求而 产生的学科 已成为是当前重要的国际产生的学科 已成为是当前重要的国际产生的学科 已成为是当前重要的国际产生的学科 已成为是当前重要的国际 学术前沿 学术前沿 学术前沿 学术前沿 地理学家在其中起到重要作用 高校地地理学家在其中起到重要作用 高校地地理学家在其中起到重要作用 高校地地理学家在其中起到重要作用 高校地 理教学中应该及时纳入相关内容 但目理教学中应该及时纳入相关内容 但目理教学中应该及时纳入相关内容 但目理教学中应该及时纳入相关内容 但目 前除钱易 唐孝炎的前除钱易 唐孝炎的前除钱易 唐孝炎的前除钱易 唐孝炎的 环境与可持续发环境与可持续发环境与可持续发环境与可持续发 展展展展 外 尚未见到有分量的相关地理学外 尚未见到有分量的相关地理学外 尚未见到有分量的相关地理学外 尚未见到有分量的相关地理学 教材 教材 教材 教材 1 Introduction1 Introduction Conflicting Political IdealsConflicting Political Ideals Sustainable Development as an Ambiguous Sustainable Development as an Ambiguous CompromiseCompromise From Economic Growth to Sustainable From Economic Growth to Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment Capital A Unifying Thread in Development Capital A Unifying Thread in Development TheoriesTheories Economic Theories of Sustainable DevelopmentEconomic Theories of Sustainable Development Reconciling the Political and Theoretical DiscoursesReconciling the Political and Theoretical Discourses Questions about Sustainable DevelopmentQuestions about Sustainable Development Geographical Perspectives on Sustainable Geographical Perspectives on Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment ConclusionConclusion 2 Geography and Sustainable Development2 Geography and Sustainable Development IntroductionIntroduction A Case for GeographyA Case for Geography Engaging with Sustainable DevelopmentEngaging with Sustainable Development Geography and the Pursuit of More Geography and the Pursuit of More Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development Looking DeeperLooking Deeper ConclusionConclusion 3 The Role of Spatial Scale and Spatial 3 The Role of Spatial Scale and Spatial Interactions in Sustainable Development Interactions in Sustainable Development IntroductionIntroduction Structuring Global SpaceStructuring Global Space Achieving Sustainable Development at Achieving Sustainable Development at Different LevelsDifferent Levels Sustainable Development in Open Sustainable Development in Open EconomiesEconomies Interaction between Different Spatial LevelsInteraction between Different Spatial Levels ConclusionConclusion 4 Linking the Local to the Global Can 4 Linking the Local to the Global Can Sustainable Development Work in Sustainable Development Work in Practice Practice IntroductionIntroduction Approaches to DevelopmentApproaches to Development Can Local Action Substitute for Ineffective Can Local Action Substitute for Ineffective State Institutions State Institutions The Political Limits of Local ActionThe Political Limits of Local Action National Constraints on Participation in Sri National Constraints on Participation in Sri LankaLanka Institutional Change and Community Institutional Change and Community Forestry in NepalForestry in Nepal ConclusionConclusion 5 Forecasting Urban Futures A Systems 5 Forecasting Urban Futures A Systems Analytical Perspective on the Development of Analytical Perspective on the Development of Sustainable Urban RegionsSustainable Urban Regions IntroductionIntroduction Impacts of Urban DevelopmentImpacts of Urban Development The Complexity of Urban SustainabilityThe Complexity of Urban Sustainability A Systems Perspective Urban Modeling and A Systems Perspective Urban Modeling and Sustainability AssessmentSustainability Assessment Models of Sustainable and Urban DevelopmentModels of Sustainable and Urban Development The Quantifiable City Program Sustainable Urban The Quantifiable City Program Sustainable Urban DevelopmentDevelopment Modeling in PracticeModeling in Practice Problems and Prospects for Urban Sustainability Problems and Prospects for Urban Sustainability ModelingModeling ConclusionConclusion 6 Making Cities More Sustainable 6 Making Cities More Sustainable People Plans and ParticipationPeople Plans and Participation IntroductionIntroduction Continuity and Change in Urban ProblemsContinuity and Change in Urban Problems Outlining Sustainable Urban DevelopmentOutlining Sustainable Urban Development Planning for Urban SustainabilityPlanning for Urban Sustainability People as Planners Participation in the People as Planners Participation in the Search for Sustainable UrbanSearch for Sustainable Urban DevelopmentDevelopment Urban Challenges in the Developing WorldUrban Challenges in the Developing World Communicating Good PracticeCommunicating Good Practice Making the Local Universal A Concluding Making the Local Universal A Concluding ReflectionReflection 7 Business Capital and Sustainable 7 Business Capital and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentEconomic Development IntroductionIntroduction Business and the EnvironmentBusiness and the Environment Sustainable Economic Development as EcoSustainable Economic Development as Eco efficiencyefficiency Too Good To Be True Are WinToo Good To Be True Are Win Win Win Arguments Sustainable Arguments Sustainable A Space for Sustainable Development A Space for Sustainable Development ConclusionConclusion 8 Sustainable Agriculture for the 21st 8 Sustainable Agriculture for the 21st CenturyCentury IntroductionIntroduction Modem Agriculture Reviewing the AccountModem Agriculture Reviewing the Account Sustainable Farming Different Places Sustainable Farming Different Places Different SolutionsDifferent Solutions Greater Resource EfficiencyGreater Resource Efficiency Redistributing ResourcesRedistributing Resources Conclusion Sustainable FuturesConclusion Sustainable Futures 9 Sustaining the Flow Japanese Waterways 9 Sustaining the Flow Japanese Waterways and New Paradigms of Development and New Paradigms of Development IntroductionIntroduction 21st21st Century Japan Poised for Sustainable Century Japan Poised for Sustainable Development Development Past ImperfectPast Imperfect River Management The ContextRiver Management The Context TechnoTechno centric River Planning and the Ministry of centric River Planning and the Ministry of ConstructionConstruction Reassessing the Role of RiversReassessing the Role of Rivers From Words to DeedsFrom Words to Deeds Problems Behind the Projects Environmental Problems Behind the Projects Environmental Quality and ParticipationQuality and Participation Conclusion Points of Ideological CleavageConclusion Points of Ideological Cleavage 10 Sustainable Futures for the Arctic North10 Sustainable Futures for the Arctic North IntroductionIntroduction Varieties of DevelopmentVarieties of Development Unsustainable Development Past Practice and Unsustainable Development Past Practice and Conflict over Renewable and NonConflict over Renewable and Non renewable renewable ResourcesResources Sustainable Development in PrincipleSustainable Development in Principle Moves towards More Sustainable Development The Moves towards More Sustainable Development The North American ExperienceNorth American Experience Lessons for the Russian ArcticLessons for the Russian Arctic International Initiatives to Promote More International Initiatives to Promote More Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development ConclusionConclusion 11 Climate Change Energy and 11 Climate Change Energy and Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development IntroductionIntroduction Climate Change A Threat to Sustainable Climate Change A Threat to Sustainable Development Development Adaptation to Current and Future Climate Adaptation to Current and Future Climate RegimesRegimes Mitigating Climate ChangeMitigating Climate Change The Wider Context of Sustainable The Wider Context of Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment Scales of Change Theory and PracticeScales of Change Theory and Practice ConclusionConclusion 12 Sustainable Development and 12 Sustainable Development and International Relations International Relations IntroductionIntroduction The World as Viewed by International The World as Viewed by International Relations TheoriesRelations Theories Climate Change The Predominance of an Climate Change The Predominance of an Isolated Globalist DiscourseIsolated Globalist Discourse Discourses in Conflict at the United Nations Discourses in Conflict at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Conference on Environment and DevelopmentDevelopment Modifying Existing International InstitutionsModifying Existing International Institutions ConclusionConclusion 13 Future Perspectives Developing 13 Future Perspectives Developing Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development IntroductionIntroduction Reflecting upon Existing StrategiesReflecting upon Existing Strategies A Necessary CritiqueA Necessary Critique Consensus and ContestConsensus and Contest The Challenge of Sustainable DevelopmentThe Challenge of Sustainable Development Sustainable Development and Societal Sustainable Development and Societal ChangeChange A More Pragmatic ResponseA More Pragmatic Response The Limitations of Current TheoriesThe Limitations of Current Theories 四 创新思想与方法四 创新思想与方法四 创新思想与方法四 创新思想与方法四 创新思想与方法四 创新思想与方法 地理学是一种方法而不是知识群地理学是一种方法而不是知识群地理学是一种方法而不是知识群地理学是一种方法而不是知识群 高校地理教学中要特别重视高校地理教学中要特别重视高校地理教学中要特别重视高校地理教学中要特别重视 授人以鱼 授人以鱼 授人以鱼 授人以鱼 不如授人以渔不如授人以渔不如授人以渔不如授人以渔 要加强地理学思想和地 要加强地理学思想和地 要加强地理学思想和地 要加强地理学思想和地 理学方法的教学 理学方法的教学 理学方法的教学 理学方法的教学 当