大作文类型及论证方式.doc

大作文评分标准：（1）TA（task achievement） 1,the number of words 2,avoid digression（2）LR(lexical resources) 1,use 7/8 big words 2,use words in right situation（3）GRA(grammar range and accuracy) 1,a mixture of tenses 2,high level of grammar(4) CC(coherence and cohesion) 1,between sentences 2,between paragraphs一）观点类：确定立场：明显的原因和论据确定主体段的结构支持一边:1、第一段:背景句+引出话题+考题改写+本人立场第二段:支持该观点的原因1总括（功能性的句子）+首先（解释+举例），其次（A+B）第三段:支持该观点的原因2第四段:支持该观点的原因3第五段：总结+自己观点+（建议/预测）两边论证：2.第一段：背景句+引出话题+考题改写+本人立场第二段：正面观点+原因第三段：反方观点+原因一定记得23第四段：总结+自己观点+（建议/预测）3.第一段：背景句+引出话题+考题改写+本人立场第二段：正面观点+原因1第三段：正面观点+原因2第四段：让步段+反面观点1第五段：总结+自己观点+（建议/预测）二）讨论类的论证方式：如果你的观点跟题目中的相同：第一段:现象句+考题改写双方观点列出来第2段:论证观点一第3段:论证观点二第4段:总结如果你的观点跟题目中的不同：第一段:现象句+考题改写双方观点列出来第2段:论证观点一第3段:论证观点二第4段:自己观点的论述第5段:总结三）问题解决类：1. 解释原因+措施有问题的事情才需要措施既然有问题，就肯定有原因问题-原因-措施第一段:背景句+引出话题第二段:原因1+措施1第三段:原因2+措施2可以有更多段落第四段:总结建议+预测或者：第一段:背景句+引出话题第二段:问题1原因1+措施1）第二段:原因1 :原因2 :原因3第三段:措施1 :措施2 :措施3可以有更多段落第四段:总结建议+预测5） 三种类型例文分析观点类：Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree?一边倒的论证的方式There is a controversial issue about whether young children are benefit from using a computer every day. And now, a widespread view believed that sitting on the computer screens longer are passive. As far as I am concerned, I do agree with this opinion.To start with, young children using a computer would destroy their physical performance. It has been proved by the scientists that seeing computer screens for a long time could hurt eye sights of the youths. And also, it is obviously that some serious diseases have been gradually formed by means of successive hours for a continuous period. For example, headache, backache, lumbago and so on. Secondly, indulging in computer world regularly is a threat to the mental and emotional development for a young child. If a young kid sits all day and plays computer games, he/she certainly would lose the chance to communicate with his/her peers and parents. In addition, such children, who would like to regard computers as their friends, in the virtual world become not active .To sum up, using the computer for young children regularly, just like a bird is jailed in a cage and has no freedom. Overall, parenting is the most important aspect on educating their children for using computers correctly. And I would conclude that the young children should be led and taught by means of education publicize.两边倒得论证方式 23Living today in the golden age of technology, computer seems to be a crucial household item in our daily lives. Every difficult task can be done with the help of computers. Many researches and assignments can be finished faster with lesser inaccuracies. Some people believe that computer provides fruitful benefits toward childrens life, while many others totally disagree.Those people who are in favor of computer do so, because computer reduces the workload of children. In fact, nowadays there is a plenty of homework for children to do. Some work may require a presentation. Hence, with the help of computers, children can present their work in a legible way. Moreover, there are many useful websites associated with education. For example, website such as Wikipedia contains a plethora knowledge that suits young blood. Children can access to these websites for their self-paced study. Not only can computer help to complete works faster, it also helps children to be in contact with their friends from around the world. For instance, many children use an instant messaging program to stay in contact with their friends, who live in the other country. This can also lead to sharing of ideas and experiences. Consequently, the learning process will be enhanced and students will be able to achieve outstanding grades. However, many people totally disagree, as they feel that computers can have harmful effects on children. Firstly, the frequent use of computer can cause major health problems such as back pain and short sightedness. In the common case, children glue too much on computer game, which is a waste of time. Instead of doing this, children should spend their times constructively such as revising their homework or doing some recreation activity. Also, there are many inappropriate websites that have an influence on childrens behavior. Furthermore, computer is quite expensive. Some group of people may find it difficult to afford.Based on my personal experience, I always use computer to improve my English skills such as visiting useful websites. As a result, my English score has sprung up and it reached my content. Therefore, I believe that the advantages of computer are far more than the disadvantages.两边论证（让步段）I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer every day this is partly because sitting in front of a screen for too long can be damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture of a young child, regardless of what they are using computer for.However the main concern is about the type of computer activities that attract children. These are often electronic games that tend to be very intense and rather violent. The player is usually the hero of the game and too much exposure can encourage children to be self-centered and insensitive to others.Even when children use a computer for other purposes, such as getting information or emailing friends, it is no substitute for human interaction. Spending time with other children and sharing non-virtual experiences is an important part of a childs development that cannot be provided by a computer.In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied. Their adult world will be changing constantly in terms of technology and the internet is the key to all the knowledge and information available in the world today. Therefore it is important that children learn at an early age to use the equipment enthusiastically and with confidence as they will need these skills throughout t their studies and working lives.I think the main point is to make sure that young children do not overuse computers. Parents must ensure that their children learn to enjoy other kinds of activity and not simply sit at home, learning to live in a virtual world讨论类：It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sports or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports persons or musicianDiscuss both these views and give your own opinionThe relative importance of natural talent and training is a frequent topic of discussion when people try to explain different levels of ability in, for example, sport, art or music.Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with sport, art or music. So from our own school experience, we can find plenty of evidence to support the view that a child can acquire these skills with continued teaching and guided practice.However, some people believe that innate talent is what differentiates a person who has been trained to play a sport or an instrument, from those who become good players. In other words, there is more to the skill than a learned technique, and this extra talent cannot be taught, no matter how good the teacher or how frequently a child practices.I personally think that some people do have talents that are probably inherited via their genes. Such talents can give individuals a facility for certain skills that allow them to excel, while more hard-working students never manage to reach a comparable level. But, as with all questions of nature versus nurture, they are not mutually exclusive. Good musicians or artists and exceptional sports stars have probably succeeded because of both good training and natural talent. Without the natural talent, continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without the training, the child would learn how to exploit and develop their talentIn conclusion, I agree that any child can be taught particular skills, but to be really good in areas such as music, art or sports, then some natural talent is required.问题解决类：It is said that peoples life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it?The acceleration of industrialization and the prosperity of economy benefit our society a great deal. But with the speeding up of economic development, people are facing more and more pressure from various aspects of their life. This essay will explore the causes for the heavy pressure and put forward some feasible solutions.One of the major causes are that peoples living rhythm has been promoted immensely with the upgrading of neo-knowledge and hi-tech. To keep abreast with the society, people have to work intensively on the one hand and improve their knowledge on the other. The economic globalization strengthened international cooperation and expand peoples scope of activity. The fierce social competition deprives people of their spare time and makes their lives more stressful.Another factor comes from the pressure of peoples family. People in the current society have to shoulder the responsibility of family maintenance. On the one hand, peopl