形容词副词三.doc

形容词与副词高考考点形容词常用来修饰名词，副词常用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法是高考题型的热点之一。 高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在： 1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。 2. 在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义及形容词作定语时的语序问题。 一、 形容词和副词的一般用法和重点用法 （一）形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 注意以下具体问题 1、 表示倍数的三个句型 times as + 形容词原级 +as 例 This table is 3 times as big as that one. 这张桌子比那张大三倍。 times + 性质名词 + of 例 This table is 3 times the size of that one. 这张桌子比那张大三倍。 times + 形容词比较级 + than 例 This table is 3 times bigger than that one. 这张桌子是那张桌子的三倍。 注意下面一些说法 例 The output of cars in 2003 is 6 times that of 2000. =The output of cars in 2003 is 6 times what it was in 2000. 2003年的汽车产量是过去的2000年产量的六倍。 2、 同程度级的用法，用asas, the same as, suchas 引导 例 Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is).= Henry is such a good worker as Peter (is). Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。 3、 表比较的句型 the + 比较级, the + 比较级 例 The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你卖的票越多，赚的钱也越多。 比较级+ and +比较级，表示越来越 例 The new city is becoming more and more beautiful. 那座新城市越来越漂亮。 4、 the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词 例 The taller of the two boys is my brother. 那两个男孩中个头较高的是我哥。 5、 用介词by表示相差的程度 例 She is taller than I by three inches.她比我高三英尺。 6、 一个人两种性质的比较用morethan结构 例 -Ann acts quite unfriendly. Ann 的举止不太友好。 -I think shes more shy than unfriendly.与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。 7、 否定 + 比较级= 最高级 例 He has never spent a more worrying day.他过了最担心的一天。 8、 比较的对象不能相互包容，注意以下句型 比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词 比较级 + than all ( the ) other + 复数名词 比较级 + than + anyone else 比较级 + than any of the other + 复数名词 例 The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States. 密西西比河比美国其它任何一条河都长。 China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的其它任何国家都大。(中国属于亚洲) China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的其它任何国家都大。(中国不属于非洲) 9、 修饰比较级的修饰语 rather, much, still, even, far, any ( 用于否定疑问句中)，a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times 等。 例 The students study even harder than before. 那些学生比以前更努力学习。 修饰最高级的有序数词和以下短语：by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like. 例 Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. 我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。 10、 比较的对象应该相同 例 The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai. 这儿的气候比上海的暖和。 注意 no + 比较级 + than 特殊含义 例 Kate is no more careful than Collin. Kate和 Collin两人都不仔细。 Kate is no less careful than Collin. Kate和 Collin两人都很仔细。 Kate is not more careful than Collin. Kate 不如Collin仔细。 Kate is not less careful than Collin. Kate 的仔细程度并不弱于 Collin。 11、 注意比较结构中的省略现象 在日常交际中，大家都明白的比较对象往往省略 例 -What do you think of the film? 你认为那部电影如何？ -I have never seen a better one ( than this film). 我还没有看过这么好的电影。 12、 无比较级和最高级的形容词和副词 有些形容词和副词的原级本身表示比较或最高的意义，如wonderful,excellent, magnificent, perfect, grand 等。 （二）形容词和副词的用法要点 1、 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 1)如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词，如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。 例 a small wonderful gift 基本的顺序为：限定词( these, those) + 数量形容词( three) + 描绘性形容词( beautiful) + 大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词( large, long, high) + 新旧(old)+ 颜色( red) + 国籍 (Chinese)+ 材料 (wood) + 用途 ( writing)+ 被修饰的名词 (desk)。 称之为“描大形新颜国材”。 例 All these last few days . 最近的这些日子。 2）主前客后 主观形容词和客观形容词 a lovely beautiful girl 2、 形容词作后置定语的几种形式 当形容词修饰由不定代词 one, no, any, some和every所构成的复合不定代词如something, anything, nothing等时，必须放在这些不定代词之后。 例 I have something important to tell you. 形容词短语一般作后置定语。 例 The teacher asked me a question too difficult to answer.老师要我回答一个我根本回答不了的问题。 当 old, long, high, wide, deep 等词附有数量词短语作定语时一般后置。 例 At that time she was only a girl five years old.那时她只是一个五岁的小女孩。 3、 表语形容词 有些形容词只作表语，而一般不作前置定语。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well, sorry, unable, worth, sure 等。 例 The boy is still asleep. 那个男孩还在睡觉。 注 上述形容词可以作补语 例 We found the snake still alive.我们发现那条蛇还活着。 afraid, alive, alone, awake 等可以作后置定语 例 Who is the greatest man alive? 健在的最伟大的人是谁？ 以a-开头的形容词不可直接用very来修饰 例 very much alone 非常孤单的 以a-开头的形容词本身有副词修饰时，可以用作前置定语 例 the fast asleep boy熟睡的男孩 二、 形容词的语法功能 形容词在句中可以作定语、表语和补语，还可以作状语，具有副词的功能。形容词作状语一般用逗号隔开，根据情况可位于句首、句末，也可位于句中，相当于一个从句，具有以下语义和特征： (一) 形容词或形容词短语作状语，表示方式或伴随，说明谓语动作的方式，它在句子中有时像非限制性分句一样，表示意义上的增补。其逻辑主语是句子的主语。在这种情况下，其位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，有时也可位于句中 例 Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.（= Crusoe, who was full of fear, stared at the footprint.） 克鲁索两眼盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。 (二) 形容词或形容词短语可以作原因状语，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句子中间 例 Tom, very ill, sent for a doctor.（=As Tom was very ill, he sent for a doctor.） 因为汤姆病得很厉害，派人请医生去了。 (三) 形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示时间和条件。通常位于句首，也可位于句末 例 Ripe, these apples are sweet.（=When/If these apples are ripe, they are sweet.） 这种苹果熟了的时候很甜。 (四) 形容词或形容词短语可以作让步状语，常由一个形容词或连词or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中 例 The two accidents, tragic, seemed natural enough. (=Though they were tragic, the two accidents seemed natural enough.) 尽管两场事故损失惨重，然而是必然的。 (五) 形容词或形容词短语可以作状语，表示结果和状态等意义。它在句中的位置比较灵活 例 One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. 有一位女人醒着躺在床上，静听着那疾驰而过的大风。 (六) 形容词或形容词短语可以作状语, 表示说话人的态度和看法。它通常位于句首 例 Surprising, there are five SARS patients in his family. 真惊人，他一家就有五位非典病人。 强化提高 1. I couldnt find my English-Chinese dictionary _ A anywhere B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully 2. He drives much _ than he did three years ago A. careful B carefully C more careful D more carefully 3. -“I havent been to Guilin yet” -“I havent been there，_ .” A too B also C either D neither 4. John did badly in the sports meet I did even _ A worst B more bad C also badly D. worse 5. He made the _ mistakes in the dictionary exercise. A. less B. least C. fewer D. fewest 6. Only one of these books is _ . A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading 7. She doesnt speak _ her friend，but her written work is excellent A as well as B so often as C so much as D as good as 8. I dont like tea and she doesnt _ . A. neither B. either C. too D. also 9. Longjing tea and Wuyi tea are both famous, but which do you think tastes _ ? A. well B. good C. better D. best 10. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with_ money and _ people. A. little, fewer B. fewer, less C. less, fewer D. less, few 11. He had never spent a _ day. A more worry B. most worrying C more worrying D most worried 12. The students are _ young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty A. most B. almost C mostly D. at most 13. John has three sistersMary is the _ of the three A most cleverest B more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer 14. It is impossible for so _ workers to do so _ work in a single day A. few，much B few，many C little，much D little，many 15. The horse is getting old and cannot run _ it used to A as faster as B so fast than C. so faster as D as fast as 16. The story sounds _ . A to be true B as true C being true D. true 17. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year A as less，as B. as few，as C less，than D fewer，than 18.-Can I help you？ -Well, Im afraid the box is _ heavy for you, but thank you all the same A so B much C very D too 19. The pianos in the other shop will be_， but _ A. cheaper，not as better B. more cheap，not as better C cheaper, not as good D more cheap，not as good 20. After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced _tractors in 1988 as the year before A. as twice many B as many twice C twice as many D. twice many as 21. -Excuse me，is this MrBrowns office？ -Im sorry，but Mr. Brown _ works here He left about three weeks ago A not now B no more C not still D no longer 22. -How did you find your visit to the museum？ -I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected A far more interesting B even much interesting C so more interesting D a lot much interesting 23. -Will you give this message to Mr. White, please？ -Sorry，I cantHe _ . A doesnt any more work here B doesnt any longer here work C doesnt work any more here D doesnt work here any longer 24. How _ can you finish the drawing？ A. often B soon C long D rapid 25. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _ A open B to be opened C to open D. opening 26. Which is _ country， Canada or Australia？ A a large B larger C a larger D the larger 27. -If you dont like the red coat，take the blue one -OK，but do you have _ size in blue？This ones a bit tight for me A a big B a bigger C the big D the bigger 28. If there were no examinations，we should have _ at school A the happiest time B a more happier time C much happiest time D a much happier time 29. We will write _ ，even when theres not much to say A now and then B by and by C step by step D more or less 30. -How was your recent visit to Qingdao？ -It was greatWe visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside A few last sunny B last few sunny C last sunny few D. few sunny last 【答案与评析】 1. 选 A anywhere 用在否定句或疑问句中。 2. 选 D 考查多音节的形容词、副词的比较级形式，及对比较级的强调。 3. 选 C 考查副词的用法,当是否定句时，要用 either，A 和 B 项用在肯定句中，D 项也是前边是肯定才能用。 4. 选 D 考查加 badly 的比较级形式，它是一种不规范的变化，是固定的形式。 5. 选 D 考查形容词的最高级形式，因 mistakes 是可数名词。 6. 选 D 考查某些形容词的固定用法，应是 be worth doing；be worthy of being done；be worthy to be done。 7. 选 A 考查副词的同级比较，根据语意应排除其余选项。 8. 选 B 与第3题的考查目标相同。 9. 选 C tastes 是系动词，其后应跟形容词，故 A 项排除，又因是两者相比，又应排除 B 和 D, 所以应选形容词的比较级形式。 10. 选 C 根据题干中 better 一词的提示，考生可以断定，空白处的两个单词也应用比较级形式。less 修饰不可数名词，而 fewer 则修饰可数名词。 11. 选 C 此句的意思是He had never spent such a worrying day before.由于没有such 这一词，就需比较级，所以考生应特别注意。 12. 选 C 考查副词 most，almost 和 mostly 的区别。most 是“最、极、非常”，除与双音节以上的形容词或副词构成最高级外，还起加强语气作用，没有比较意义。almost 是“几乎、差不多”，强调“差一点、缺一点”，表示程度。mostly 是“主要地、大部分、基本上”的意思。at most 是“至多、大不了”的意思。该句的意思又可写成 Most of the students are young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty 13. 选 C 考查形容词的最高级，形容词的最高级用于三个或三个以上人或物之间的比较，常用句型the + 最高级 + of（in）短语或句子。 14. 选 A 考查可数名词和不可数名词前表示不定数量的形容词的用法。few 和 many 修饰可数名词，little 和 much 修饰不可数名词。该句的意思是“如此之少的工人在一天里来干如此之多的工作是不可能的”。 15. 选 D 考查副词比较级的最基本用法。在 asas 或 not as（so）as 中常用原级，在连词 than 前常用比较级。 16. 选 D 考查对系表结构的掌握情况，只要考生知道 sound 一词后应接形容词做表语，便可得知 D 是正确答案。 17. 选 C 考查形容词比较级的一般用法。答好此题的关键是能否抓住题干中 grain 一词，只要考生知道这是不可数名词，便很容易得出正确答案 C。 18. 选 D 该题通过一组对话的情景来考查考生对基本句型的掌握情况。从语法结构看，四个选项中的副词都可以修饰形容词，其实，命题者有意将 to carry 或 to lift 省略。如果考生能判断出其省略部分，便很容易得出 D 为正确答案。因为对高中学生来说toofor sbto do这一句型是他们再熟悉不过的了。 19. 选 C 考查目标为形容词比较级的两种表达法，而第二分句仍是一个省略句，全句应该是：The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper，but not as good as those in this shop 20. 选 C 考查目标为表示倍数的形容词的比较级用法。英语中表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语应放在asas结构的前面。 21. 选 D 从这组对话提供的情景来看，no longer 常在句中强调时间，而 no more 常强