英语中主语和谓语的语序排列有两种.doc

倒装句 Exercise TwelveMultiple Choice:1. Now _ your chance to go abroad.A. come B. comes C. go D. is coming2. The little passage was empty and _. A. the kitchen was so B. so the kitchen wasC. so was the kitchen D. nor was the kitchen3. He did not like the way we spoke, _ the way we dressed.A. neither he did appreciate B. nor did he appreciatedC. he did not appreciate D. neither did he appreciate4. Rarely _ true friendship in this world of imperfection.A. a person will find B. wont a person findC. a person finds D. does a person find5. _ he fallen asleep _ the telephone rang.A. Hardly did, when B. Hardly had, than C. No sooner had, than D. No sooner had, when6. _ that she was unable to move.A. So she was terrified B. Such her terror wasC. So terrified was she D. So she was terrified7. Not only _ afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.A. we should not be B. should we not beC. we should be not D. should not be we8. Neither _ without practice, _ without theory.A. theory could do, not could practice do B. could theory do, nor could practice doC. could theory do, nor practice could doD. could theory do, either could practice do9. _, I would certainly try again.A. Should I fail B. Fail should I C. I should fail D. Should fail I 10. _, she has much power in the city government.A. A woman as she is B. As she is a womanC. Woman as she is D. As she is woman11. In the garden, _ him a group of children who kept asking him to tell stories.A. were surrounding B. were surrounded C. was surrounded D. was surrounded12. _ from among the bushes.A. Out a tiger rushed B. Rushed out a tigerC. Rushed a tiger out D. Out rushed a tiger13. Only when _ early, _ enjoy the fresh air.A. do you get up, you can B. do you get up, can youC. you get up, can you D. you get up, you can14. _ they made the announcement when share(股票) price began to rise.A. As soon as B. Hardly had C. No sooner have D. Scarcely have15. _ that, I would do it in another way.A. If I do B. If I were do C. Were I to do D. Were I do16. _ that I could not move.A. So frightened was I B. So I was frightenedC. So was I frightened D. So frightened I was 17. _ of the girl who grew up in the U.S.A.A. Such was the behaviour B. Were such the behaviourC. The behaviour was such D. Such were the behaviour18. Not only _ disappeared, but _ as well.A. all my money had, had my clothes goneB. had all my money, had my clothes goneC. had my all money, my clothes had goneD. had all my money, my clothes had gone19. _ the days when the Chinese people suffered from cold and hunger.A. Go are B. Going are C. Gone are D. Gone have20. Not a drop of water _ for three days.A. I have drunk B. I drank C. have I drunk D. I have had Keys to Exercise Twelve答案：15BCDDC610CBCAC1115ADCBC1620AADCC概述：倒装句英语中主语和谓语的语序排列有两种：1）主语在前，谓语在后。称正常语序。2）为语法要求（如疑问句，there存在句，祝愿句等）或修辞要求（强调，生动，衔接上下文，平衡句子等）而将谓语（或部分谓语）提到主语前。称倒装句。倒装句又可分为下面两种1全部倒装句：即谓语全部放在主语前面。如Out rushed the man and his wife. 那人和妻子冲了出去。Through the open window came the sounds of a plane. 通过敞开的窗户传来飞机的声响。2部分倒装句：即部份谓语（助动词、情态动词、系动词表语）放在主语前Never once has she been seen to cry. 从来没有看见她哭过一次。Cant you give us any hope of success? 你不能给我们一线成功的希望吗？1点击：以here, there, now, then等副词开头的句子，要用倒装句，这种倒装分二种情况：1）完全倒装：Here( there, now, then) +谓语动词主语（名词）2）正常语序：Here( there, now, then) +主语（代词）谓语动词Here is a letter for you. 你的信。（递信时说）Here we are. 我们到了。There comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。There he comes. 他来了。Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。Then followed three days of heavy rain. 然后接着下了三天大雨。注意以上句型特点：谓语动词常是be, go或come等不及物动词。主语的数决定谓语动词的形式，主语是名词还是代词决定是否用倒装句。除then 引出的句子用过去时，其余的均用一般现在时。2点击：以so开头的句子，表示“也这样”。使用部份倒装句。“I hate to leave our fine house.” “So do I.”“我不喜欢离开我们美好的家。”“我也不喜欢。”Production is going up, so is the peoples living conditions.生产在上去，人民的生活条件也在提高。Mary can use the computer and so can John.玛丽会使用计算机，约翰也会。须要注意：如果后面用so的句子只是单纯重复前一句的意思，而不表示运用于另一体，则不用倒装语序。意为“的确如此”。“Its raining hard outside.”“So it is.” “外面雨下得很大。”“是很大。”“You look rather tired.”“So I am.” “你看上去太疲倦了。”“我确实疲倦了。”“He works very hard.”“So he does.” “他工作特别努力。”“的确如此。“3点击：以neither (或nor)开头的句子（表示“也不这样”）和以 “no more” 开头的句子（表示“和前面一样不”），用部份倒装句。如You cant speak Russian, neither can I. 你不会讲俄语，我也不会。He is not here, nor does he wish to be here. 他不在这儿，也不想在这儿。He knew nothing about it, no more did his wife. 他对这事一无所知，他妻子也一样不知。注意：neither 和nor意思相同（也不），可以替换使用。No more意为和前面“一样不”。4点击：句首是否定副词never, hardly, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, seldom, little, nor, neither,以及否定副词性短语at no time, by no means, not until, in no case等，用部份倒装语序。Little does he know how much suffering he has caused. 他不知道他引起了多少痛苦。Never have I seen him so angry. 我从来没见过他这样生气。Not until he got home did he realize that he had lost his keys. 直至到家，他才发觉丢了钥匙。(= He didnt realize that he had lost his keys until he got home) At no time will China be a superpower. 中国在任何时候都不会做超级大国。In no case will I be traitor to my motherland. 任何情况下我都不会当祖国的叛徒。By no means are these goods satisfactory. 这些货一点都不令人满意。（by no means = not at all） Nowhere could I find the lost gold ring. 我到处都找不到那只丢失的金戒指。5点击：表示“刚（一）就”有三个常用结构。No sooner than Hardly when (before) Scarcely when (before) 使用上要注意以下几点：1）在句首时，主句要部份倒装，从句不倒装。而在句中时，主句从句均不用倒装语序。2）主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。3）引导状语从句的连词要与前面的副词搭配，不能混用。No sooner had they got to the field than they started to work.(= They had no sooner got to the field than they started to work.)他们刚到地里，就开始干活。 Hardly had she left the bank when she found her wallet gone. (= She had hardly left the bank when she found her wallet gone.)她才离开银行，就发现钱包不见了。 Scarcely had I closed my eyes before I heard the door being knocked. (= I had scarcely closed my eyes before I heard the door being knocked.)我刚合上眼睛，就听到敲门声。6点击：有时为强调副词，把某些副词放在句首，这时要用部份倒装词序。这类副词如often, so(+ adj./adv.), thus, well, now and again, every other day, many a time, always, well 等。如正：We often warn them not to play with fire. 倒：Often do we warn them not to play with fire. 我们常告诫他们别玩火。正：He has helped me with my experiment many a time. 倒：Many a time has he help me with my experiment. 他已多次帮我实验了。正：The mayor was thus cheated. 倒：Thus was the mayor cheated. 市长就这样受了骗。正：He is so busy that he has no time to spare. 倒：So busy is he that he has no time to spare. 他忙得没有一点时间。正：Light travels so fast that its difficult for us to imagine its speed. 倒：So fast dose light travel that its difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光速快得我们难以想象其速度。正：I remember well the day when the accident happened. 倒：Well do I remember the day when the accident happened. 事故发生那天我记得很清楚。7点击：当并列连词not only but (also), neither not 置于句首，并连接二个分句时，前面那个分句用部份倒装。如 Not only did he go there, but (also) he became a boss. 他不仅去了那儿，而且还当了老板。 Not only can I speak several foreign languages, but I know much about international trade. 我不仅会说数种外语，而且我还对国际贸易懂得不少。 Not only does he like music but also sports.(后面分句省去了与前面分句相同部份)他不但喜欢音乐，而且喜爱运动。 Neither did he see Bob, nor I. (省略了与分句相同部份)他没看见鲍勃，我也没看见。注意：neither nor 连接两个主语（而非二个分句）或两个其它成份(当然不在句首)，not only but also 不在句首时，不用倒装词序。 Neither he nor I am clever. 他和我都不聪明。 He can speak neither English nor French. 他既不会说英语，也不会说法语。（连接二个宾语） Mary is fond of not only reading but also writing. 玛丽不但喜爱看书，而且喜爱写作。8点击：见上题。9点击：当虚拟语气中的条件句，如省去if，则需将条件句谓语部份的第一个助动词（通常是were, should, had）提前，使句子部份倒装。如正：If I were in your place, I wouldnt give it up so early. 倒：Were I in your place, I wouldnt give it up so early. 要是我处于你的地步，我不会这么早就放弃。正：If I had known, I might have prevented them from doing so. 倒：Had I known, I might have prevented them from doing so. 要是我（当时）知道，我可能阻止了他们这么做了。正：If Mary hadnt been so late, we would have gone to the cinema. 倒：Had Mary not been so late, we would have gone to the cinema. 要是玛丽不是这么迟，我们早去看电影了。正：If I should own a lot of houses, I would let the poor to live in for free. 倒：Should I own a lot of houses, I would let the poor to live in for free. 要是我有很多房子，我会让穷人免费入住。表语（状语、动词原形）as主语谓语，主句10点击：在正式文体中，从属连词as用于倒装语序，可以表示“though(although)”的让步状语从句的意义。其结构为例1Although (Though) he is young, he can do everything very well. Young as he is, he can do everything very well.他尽管年青，但能把一切都干得很好。（形容词表语提前）例2Though (Although) he is a child, he knows a great deal.= Child as he is, he knows a great deal.他虽然是孩子，但却懂得很多。（名词表语提前）例3Although (Though) he works hard, he makes little progress.= Hard as he works, he makes little progress.他虽然工作得很努力，但进步甚微。（状语提前）例4Although (Though) he might try, Tom could not get out of the trouble.= Try as he might, Tom could not get out of the trouble.虽然汤姆会尝试一下，但他不可能摆脱困境。例5Although (Though) I failed, I would try again.= Fail as I did, I would try again.虽然我不成功，但我会再试试。注意：（1）当表语中单数可数名词，置句首倒装时要去掉a (an)。如上例2。 （2）动词提前后，主语后还应该有情态动词（may, might等）或助动词（do, did等）。如上例4，例5。 （3）当状语从句中主语不是人称代词，而是名词充当，则要全部倒装。如正：Although the task is difficult, we finished it in time. 倒：Difficult as was the task, we finished it in time. 虽然任务艰巨，但我们还是按时完成了。正：Though the night was dark, I still found my way home. 倒：Dark as was the night, I still found my way home. 夜虽漆黑，我还是找到回家的路。11点击：当强调用作状语的介词短语放在句首，而句子的主语是名词并带有定语要用全部倒装语序。In the doorway stood my brother. 我的兄弟站在门口。Below the house ran a little stream. 在那所房子下方流着一条小溪。After the war followed a long period of political confusion. 战争之后，随之而来的是长期政治混乱。注意：当句子主语是代词则不用倒装。Up the stairs he went falling down, picking himself up again, feeling not hurt. 他上台阶时，跌倒了下来，又爬起来，觉得没有受伤。12点击：为了使句子生动，把表示方向的副词（如away, off, up, down, in, out等）放在句首，主语是名词时，用完全倒装语序。主语是代词时，不用倒装语序。如Away went the car like a whirl wind. 汽车象旋风一样开走了。Down fell an apple on Newtons head. 落下来一个苹果，掉在牛顿头上。In came Tom. 进来了汤姆。Up jumped two large dogs. 跳起来两条大狗。Out ran the children. 孩子们跑了出去。主语是代词时：In he came. 他走进来。On they marched. 他们继续前进。Out they rushed. 他们冲了出去。13点击：副词only和它修饰的状语（包括状语从句）一起置于句首时，须用倒装语序，其句型为“only状语部份倒装语序”。Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get happily back to work. 只有在1918年战争结束，他才能愉快地回去工作。Only then did I realize what a terrible thing had happened. 只有在那时，我才意识到发生了多可怕的事。Only in this way can you avoid catching flu. 只有这种方法，你才能避免染上流感。 Only during dinner time does he stay at home.只有在吃饭时间，他才呆在家里。注意：1）only和所修饰的状语不在句首，则不倒装。如Youll succeed only by hard work. 你只有艰苦工作，才会成功。3）如果置于句首的only不是修饰状语，而是修饰主语，则不倒装。如Only the teachers are allowed to use this room.只有教师允许使用这间房间。 Only five soldiers were wounded in the battle. 战斗中只有五名士兵受伤。14点击：详见“点击5”。15点击：详见“点击9”。16点击：详见“点击6