英语翻译练习(试卷).doc

句子及段落翻译I . Translate the following sentences from English into Chinese. 1. The production of various stereo recorders has been increased four times as against 1977.译：各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。2. All of the heat supplied to the engine is not converted into useful work.译：并非供给热机的所有热量都被转变为有用的功。3The speed of wave is the distance it advances per unit time. 译：波速是波在单位时间内前进的距离。4Friction wears away metal in the moving parts, which shortens their working life. 译：运动部件间的摩擦力使金属磨损，这就缩短了运动部件的使用寿命。5There are bacteria that help plants grow, others that get rid of dead animals and plants by making them decay, and some that live in soil and make it better for growing crops. 译：有些细菌能帮助植物生长，另一些细菌则通过腐蚀来消除死去的动物和植物，还有一些细菌则生活在土壤里，使土壤变得对种植庄稼更有好处。6Thereby higher latitude are prevented from becoming increasingly colder and low latitudes from becoming increasingly hotter.译：通过这种途径，使高纬地区不能变得越来越冷，而低纬地区不能变得越来越热。7Such waves occur most frequently at stormy latitudes, where the storms tend to come in groups traveling in the same direction, with only short periods separating them.译：这样的波浪在风暴生成的纬度带出现极为频繁。在那里风暴常常是成群出现的，它们沿着同一方向运动，彼此间相隔时间很短暂。8For efficiency the shape of the roof should be designed in such a way that it provides as large an evaporation area as possible.译：从效率考虑，屋顶形状应这样来设计，即它可提供尽可能大的蒸发面积。9Since Newtons time, mathematicians and physicist have investigated the tides by considering the response of the oceans to the tide-generating forces.译：从牛顿时代以来，数学家和物理学家们就一直通过考虑海洋对引潮力的响应来研究海潮现象。10Above the critical temperature and under high pressure the vapor may become as dens and as incompressible as the liquid at lower temperature.译：在临界温度以上和高压下，蒸汽密度可能变得象在低温下液体那样稠密且不可压缩。I . Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English. 1. 为了使铁跟杂质分离，铁矿石须冶炼。 译：For separating iron from the impurities, the iron ore must be melted.2. 动力学是物理学最重要的基础之一。这门学科最初是在17世纪根据通常称为牛顿运动定律的原理正式建立起来的。 译：Dynamics is one of the most essential foundations of physics. This subject was first soundly established in the 17th century on the basis of the axiom usually known as Newtons laws of motion.3. 回火(annealing)所需温度随两个因素而变, 材料特性；回火前的加工量。 译：Temperature required for annealing is a function for two factors, the nature of the material and the amount of work that has been done prior to annealing.4. 生产过程可分为单件生产和批量生产：单件生产就是生产少量的工件，批量生产就是生产大量规格相同的工件。 译：Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.5. 生物工程也是一种工程，是一种与传统意义截然不同的工程。 译：Bioengineering is also a kind of engineering. However, it is an engineering that is different from that with conventional sense.6. 因此，我们建议建立更多的自然保护区（即使规模不大），尽可能多地保护森林生境，保护和提高我国的生物多样性。 译：Therefore, we suggest that more protected areas, even if they are small, should be established to protect more forest habitats as soon as possible, to conserve and enhance the bio-diversity in China。7. 健全法律法规、强化技术支撑、加强政策引导、明确管理职责、广泛宣传教育，切实抓好节地节能节水节材，提高资源综合利用效率 。 译：In order to attain tangible results in the conservation of land, energy, water and raw materials and enhance the efficiency of resource utilization, / we must improve relevant laws and regulations, and launch an extensive public awareness campaign.8. 信息产品制造业要强化研发设计，进一步完善产业链，加快发展集成电路、新型元器件、新一代移动通信等重点产业。 译：In the area of ICT product manufacturing, our challenge is to enhance R&D and design capacities, and build up competencies across the whole value chain, focusing particularly on such key industries as integrated circuits, new generation components and next-generation mobile telecommunications systems.9. 试验结果表明多数人工制造的同位素(isotopes)都具有放射性。译：The results obtained suggested that most isotopes produced artificially are radioactive. 10. 激光光束可以聚集到一个很小的小点上。但是，小点越小，越难精确地聚集。只有在激光装置中装有计算器，才能获得高的精度。 译：Laser beam can be focused on a very tiny spot. But the smaller the spot, the more difficult it is to be precise in focusing. It is only by the incorporation of a computing machine into a laser device that high precision can be achieved.III. Translate the following passages. 1. From the deep clear waters of the deep, clear waters of the north Atlantic, Clearwater is proud to bring you Arctic Surf Clams, our newest seafood sensation. They are low in fat, actually reduce cholesterol, and are a great part of a healthy diet.译：北极贝源自冰冷无污染的加拿大北大西洋深海海域。其肉质丰厚细腻、味道鲜甜，铁和不饱和脂肪酸（其中具有脑黄金之称高不饱和脂肪酸占69%）含量高，而胆固醇含量低，具有丰富的营养价值，为强身防老之佳品。2. Limited Warranty for Cartridge (硒鼓) Life This Warranty Supersedes All Previous Warranties. HP LaserJet C3977A toner cartridges are designed to print an average of 750 pages for a typical document such as a business letter. For optimum cartridge performance, printer cleaning, and other information, see your printer uses manual. Clean your printer when you change toner cartridges.译：硒鼓有限保修单 本保单取代以前所有的报单 惠普激光打印机C3977A型硒鼓平均可打印750页如商业信函那样的普通文件。对于最佳的硒鼓性能、清洁打印机及其他信息，请见您的打印机用户手册。请在更换硒鼓时清洁打印机。IV. Translate the following abstract into English. 稀土国际贸易公平价格机制的主要决定因素究竟稀土国际市场定价是否公平合理，原材料产品的价值是否被低估，国际价格是否能够足额补偿稀土供给方生产稀土耗费的所有成本，并使其获得合理利润，都是亟待研究的问题。本论文在这样的大背景之下，以提炼创新的非可再生资源国际贸易公平价格机制理论为基础，探索稀土国际贸易公平价格机制，建立稀土产品的内在价值公平补偿体系，测算稀土影子价格判定稀土产品内在价值补偿的公平程度；分析国际交易主体间的交易势力公平的影响因素，并采用随市场定价模型测定交易势力的公平程度，并提出一些促进稀土国际贸易价格形成于公平价格区间的政策建议。论文的核心观点为：稀土国际贸易交易平台制度公平基础上的内在价值补偿、交易势力公平（包括产业组织交易势力及国家政策交易势力的公平）是稀土国际贸易公平价格机制的主要决定因素。关键词：稀土 国际贸易 公平价格机制 价值补偿 交易势力 公平测度All the following problems need to be studied, including: is RE international market pricing is fair and reasonable? Is the value of RE raw materials undervalued? Is the current RE price enough to compensate the producers cost and appropriate profit? This paper aim to study the fair pricing mechanism, establish an intrinsic and fair value compensation system and estimate the shadow price to determine the compensation fairness for the intrinsic rare earth value based on the innovative international trade fair pricing mechanism theory for non-renewable resources. This paper analyzes the factors affecting trade forces fairness between international RE buyers and sellers. Some policy suggestions are put forward to encourage RE international price fluctuates within the fair price range. The core opinion of this paper is: the major deciding factors for RE international trade fair pricing mechanism are intrinsic value compensation and trade forces fairness (including fairness of Industry trade forces and national policy transactions forces) based on the fairness of the RE international trading platform system. 稀土行业整合的背景、问题及策略摘 要：在如何促进稀土行业持续健康发展的探索中，社会各界对“用整合方式使稀土行业形成高度集中的少数大企业集团”抱有极高的期望，然而现实中的稀土行业整合却步履艰难.文章运用垄断竞争及企业并购相关理论，通过对稀土行业整合的背景梳理，进一步明确整合要达到的具体目的；通过对稀土行业整合的历程分析，找到稀土行业整合中，在整合主导、整合环节、整合手段和整合模式等方面存在的深层次问题.在此基础上，提出“由企业主导整合、充分考虑利益平衡、在稀土产业链的应用和分离环节率先整合、为稀土开采环节整合创造条件”等加快稀土行业整合的策略.关键词：稀土；稀土产业链；行业整合；兼并重组；整合环节；整合模式Background, Problems and Strategies for Rare Earth Industry IntegrationAbstract: People have high expectations in the sustainable development of Chinas rare earth industry by founding some competitive and large-scaled rare earth companies out of merger. However, the reality of rare earth industry integration is not promising. This paper surveys the integration background of rare earth industry for clarifying the specific integration purpose applying related theories of monopolistic competition and corporate mergers. Some underlying problems in the rare earth industry integration in the fields of integration dominance, integrated links, integration methods and integrated mode are discussed based on analyzing rare earth industry integration process. We then suggest the industry integration strategy, that is, “corporate-led, full consideration to the interests of all parties concerned, integration in the application and separation stages of the industry chain, and creating conditions for the integration of rare earth mining areas”.Key words: rare earth; rare earth industry chain; industry consolidation; mergers and restructuring; integration links; integrated model从环境保证金到环境税稀土贸易可持续发展之路摘要：首先指出目前稀土贸易所存在的困境，即没有国际定价权贱卖资源和限制出口引发贸易争端的两难选择；接着分析了目前中国对稀土的税费征收现状和存在的问题，指出征收环境税是解决稀土出口两难选择的有效方法；然后从税目，纳税人，课征对象和课征环节，计税依据，税率以及环境税的国际协调等方面对环境税进行了整体的税制设计；最后提出环境保证金的概念，建议在环境税正式实施之前，对稀土等矿产资源征收环境保证金，以此作为过渡措施来达到相似的效果.关键词：环境税；环境保障金；稀土贸易；可持续发展Sustainable development of rare earth trade: Fromenvironmental security deposit to environmental taxAbstract: This paper points out the dilemma of rare earth trade, that is, exporting rare earth at unreasonable lowprices or limiting rare earth export quotas resulting in forthcoming trade disputes. Environmental tax is an effectivesolution to the dilemma upon analyzing the current taxation policy on Chinas rare earth industry. The overallenvironmental taxation system is planned on the aspects of taxation categories, taxpayer, taxation object, taxationsteps, tax basis, tariff and international coordination. Environment security deposit collection on mineral resourcessuch as rare earth can be used as transitional measure before the official practice of environment tax.Key words: environmental tax; environmental security deposit; rare earth trade; sustainable development长句翻译练习1、The era of blatant discrimination ended in the 1960s through the courageous actions of thousands of blacks participating in peaceful marches and sit-ins, to force Southern states to implement the Federal desegregation laws in schools and public accommodation.1、六十年代，千千万万的黑人参加了和平游行示威和静坐，他们的勇敢行动迫使南方各州执行联邦政府关于在学校和公共场所所废除种族隔离的法律，从而结束了公然歧视黑人的时代。2、A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who insists that women have outgrown the jumping-on-the-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a colonel who says that they havent. 2、席间，一位年轻的女士和一位上校激烈地争论开了。女士认为，妇女进步了，不再是过去那种一见老鼠就吓得跳起来的妇女了。而上校认为妇女并没有多大的改变。3、Times goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and young Diana on the edge, to receive with wonder any thing you can catch! 3、当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里，又有个年轻的狄安娜在池边好奇地接受你捉上来的任何东西的时候，如果你懂得什么叫美的话，时间是过得很快的。4、The 25-year teaching veteran says he was denied a promotion and pay raise last year because he hadnt published a sufficient number of research papers.4、这位与25年教龄的老教师说，由于他未能发表足够数量的科研论文，去年没有给他提职、加薪。5、The saga of the White Star liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1500 passengers to their deaths, has been celebrated in print and on film, in poetry and song.5、白星公司的班轮泰坦尼克号在1912年处女航中因撞上冰山而沉没，船上1500多名乘客遇难。此后关于她的种种传说便成为各种刊物、电影以及诗歌、歌曲的内容而广为流传。旅游翻译 1.The Imperial Palace , also called the Forbidden City , was built in the fifteenth century (1406-1420), covering an area of 175 acres ( 72 ha .). It is now the largest and best preserved ancient architectural complex in China . As you pass through Tian An Men Gate you will enter a large walled courtyard which is 760 meters from east to west. Although you cannot see them, on either side of this courtyard are closely-arranged gardens and halls. Of particular interest if you have time might be the imperial Ancestral Temple , which is to the right, and the Sun Yi-Sen Park , on the left. 1.故宫也叫紫禁城，建于十五世纪(1406-1420), 占地175亩。它是中国现存最大、保存最完整的古建筑群。穿过天安门，进入一个由东往西760米的围墙围着的院子。然而这个院子是不可能全部都参观完的，因为在这个院子的两侧紧挨着一个接一个的花园和廊厅。如果特别感兴趣而有时间的话，可以参观太庙，太庙在右边。2. Austria is wedged between seven other countries. Liechtenstein , Switzerland , and the Federal Republic of Germany are to the west. Czechoslovakia is to the north. Hungary is to the east. To the south are Italy and Yugoslavia .奥地利周边与七国相邻：西濒列支敦士敦、瑞士、德意志联邦共和国，北邻捷克斯洛伐克，东连匈牙利，南接意大利和南斯拉夫。3. Tiny islands, with hunks of coral reef, coconut palms and fine white sand on them, are strung around the edge of the peninsula like a pearl necklace.座座岛屿玲珑小巧，紧密相连，象一串珍珠缀成的项链，环绕着半岛边缘。岛上珊瑚礁红，椰树成片，沙滩如银，景色如诗如画。4. 西湖如镜面，千峰凝翠，洞壑幽深，风光绮丽。The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with green hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty.5. The harbor looked most beautiful in its semi-circle of hills and half-lights. The color of a pearl gray and a fairy texture. . This Arctic scenery has a beauty which is the exact antithesis of the Christmas card of tradition. Soft, melting halftones. Nothing brittle of garish.只见海港环抱于半圆形小山丛中，煞是好看，朦朦胧胧，一片银灰，宛若仙境。这北极地区景色之美，同传统的圣诞贺卡适成对照，它浓淡交融，光影柔和，清雅绝俗。6. A fascinating city between sea and sky, like Venus rising from the waves, Venice welcomes tourists from the five continents drawn to her by the charm of her water and pellucid light, free from all dust and cooled by the sea breeze. She also offers the intellectual pleasures to be derived from her masterpieces which mark the meeting of East and West.威尼斯水城海天相连，景色迷人，宛如碧波中涌现的维纳斯，吸引着五大洲的游客。她水色旖旎，波光澄澈，清风拂面而来，荡去你心中的不快与烦恼。而城中那些集东西方艺术之大成的艺术杰作，更给人以精神上的享受。7. 青城山地质地貌独特，植被茂密，气候适宜，林木葱翠，层峦叠嶂，曲径逶迤，古观藏趣。Endowed with special geological landforms and a mild climate, Qingcheng Mountain enjoys exuberant vegetations and forests through which the paths wind, as well as the ancient temples dispersing in ranges of mountains. 8. The giant hornbill which is the size of a young ostrich and rather more ungainly until it lumbers into the air, and then reveals the great sweep of its wings, each tipped with white.硕大的犀鸟，形同年幼的鸵鸟，甚至更显笨拙，直到凌空展翅，方显其巨大的羽翼和白色的翼尖，矫健无比。9. 云南有26个少数民族，是中国少数民族种类最多的省份。各民族的服饰、建筑、风俗、歌舞、饮食等，形成了一幅美丽的风情画卷。Home to 26 ethnic groupsthe largest number in China - Yunnan Province offers tourists a cultural feast of unique ethnic costumes, architecture, cuisine, songs and dances, and rituals. Beijing Review 10. 漓江风光的美，不仅充分展现了“山青、水秀、洞奇、石美”的特点，而且还有着“深潭、险滩、流泉、飞瀑”的佳景。10. The Lijiang River boasts of not only its (natural) landscape of rivers and mountains, but also its grotesqueness of rocks and caves, deep pools, dangerous shoals, and streams and waterfalls.11. 这儿的峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱笼，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。11. It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows. Trees, flowers and grass, a picture of natural vitality, thrive on both banks. The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts.12. Towers, domes, balanced rocks, and arches have been formed over millions of years of weathering and erosion, and the process continues, constantly reshaping this fantastical rock garden. 12. 岁月沧桑，风化雨蚀，造就了这里奇特的山体风貌：满山“巨塔”高耸，“穹丘”浑圆，“不倒翁”摇摇欲坠，“大拱门”凌空而立，奇形怪状，浑然天成。大自然造物不尽，还在不断创造新的神奇。时政文翻译1. 农民增加了对农业的投资，这样相对减少了国家对农业的直接投资。Increased peasant investment in agriculture means relatively less direct investment in agriculture by the state. 2. 必须努力体现发展面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来的，民族的科学的大众的社会主义文化的要求，促进全民族思想道德素质和科学文化素质的不断提高，为我国经济发展和社会进步提供精神动力和智力支持。We should meet the requirements of the national, scientific and popular socialist culture that develops toward(或in orientation to 或oriented to) modernization, the world and the future, enabling them to upgrade the ideological and ethical qualities and scientific and cultural qualities of the whole nation and to provide the motive power and support culturally and intellectually. 3. 在治理通货膨胀时，注意保持经济持续增长，成功实现“软着陆”。In dealing with inflation, we paid attention to ensuring sustained expansion of the economy and a successful “soft-landing”.4. 为获取更多的财富，他们还向政治领域渗透，千方百计拉拢腐蚀党政干部，寻求“保护伞”。To gain more property, they spare no effort to draw in leaders of the Party and the Government as an umbrella for their criminal activities.5. 宁夏正将旅游作为新型产业、朝阳产业和支柱产业来培育。Ningxia is developing its tourism sector as a new, rising and pillar industry.6. 大规模的选拔性统一考试是一把锋利的“双刃剑”，“一考定终身”的弊端也给中学教育、高等教育以及考生和全社会带来了一系列问题。The national college entrance examination is also a double-edged sword. A series of educational and social problems have cropped up due to various flaws in the examination system.7. 现实中存在的一些领导在职不作为、责任心不强、爱做官样文章、搞形式摆花架子以及干部队伍建设中能上不能下、庸不让贤等问题。Problems exist in Chinas system of bureaucracyofficials inadequate performance, their poor sense of responsibility, excessive red tape, formalism, and extreme difficulty in replacing unqualified personnel with competent people.8. 创建中国企业员工“红黑档”主要有两个目的：一是建立中国职业人的个人信誉认证体制，二是为中国企业提供一个更好的员工激励机制。The establishment of the Online Employees Performance Appraisal and Assessment Management System has two objectives: First, establishing a personal credibility assessment system. Second, establishing an effective enthusiasm stimulation mechanism.9. 北京商务中心区将在区域规划、配套设施建设、政府服务、政策制定上突破现有框架，率先实现与国际接轨。The CBD will also conform to the international practice in facilities construction, government service and policy formulation.10. 既然“双赢”需要相互的适应和妥协，那么要来中国求“赢”的外国商家，就也得量一量中国的“轨”、摸索一下中国的“惯例”，否则即使在硬规则上赢了，也可能陷在软规则里动弹不得。接轨不应该、也不可能是单向的，各做调整、相互适应，才是双赢的基础。10.Since a win-win situation requires mutual concession and compromise, then foreign enterprises that hope to make gains on the Chinese market should understand China s traditions and conventions, otherwise they will be trapped in the “soft rules” in China . The realization of a win-win situation should be based on mutual adaptation and adjustment, rather than one side following the other sides practices. 11. 发挥中心城市的集聚功能和辐射作用，以线串点，以点带面，带动周围地区发展。11. Major cities connected by such lines should serve as economic centers and play leading roles in the development of their adjacent areas. 12. 既然要以公众人物的身份吃这碗饭，就应该知道这碗饭不是那么好吃的，代价之一就是时刻面临着被人拎出来说三道四的危险。12. As a public figure, he should know that one of the costs he has to pay is the risk of being gossiped about by the general public.13. 本届高交会将为参展的国内外企业、科研院所、高等院校、投资机构和中介机构，提供良好的支持和服务平台。13. The trade fair will serve both foreign and domestic enterprises, research institutes, institutions of higher learning, investment organizations and intermediaries.14. 过去的一年全国人民团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就。14.In the past，the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization. 15. 认真贯彻“一要吃饭、二要建设”的方针，合理调整财政支出结构，区别轻重缓急，/该保的一定要保，该压缩的要坚决压缩。15.