95年1月TOEFL语法讲解.doc

1995年01月语法题1.An underlying assumption of most market research is that people are continually _ financial decisions based on their desire for goods that give them the most satisfaction.(A)making(B)and make(C)being made(D)having made答案：A测试点：谓语。分析：that从句中有主语但谓语不全，选择(A)making与系词and组成进行时。解题要点：continully和always等词常与进行时连用，表示“一贯如此”。2._ tempera paint, the artist mixes dry pigments with water until the mixture resembles a stiff paste.(A)In preparation(B)The preparing of(C)To prepare(D)Prepared答案：C测试点：状语不定式。分析：逗号后为句子，逗号前为状语。动词不定式(C)作目的状语。3.When two straight lines meet, _ an angle.(A)it is formed(B)formed(C)they form(D)to form答案：C测试点：主谓结构。分析：逗号前为when引导的从句，逗号后应是主句。主句主、谓语俱缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(A)或(C)。(A)用了形式主语n，但空格后并无真正的主语部分。故选(C)4.Madge Macklin promoted the expansion of medical training to include genetics _ supported the founding of genetics departments in North American medical schools.(A)nor(B)and(C)while(D)if答案：B测试点：连词。分析：空格前为主谓语完整的句子，空格后又出现一谓语动词，即全句有一个主语，两个谓语。这两个谓语动词之间应用and连接，故选(B)。(A)用于否定句;(C)后接句子或现在分词短语;(D)接从句。5._ mammals have hair at some time in their lives, though in certain whales it is present only before birth.(A)Most(B)The most(C)Most of which(D)In most of the答案：A测试点：定语。分析：空格后主语、谓语俱全，所缺为定语。应在答案中选择形容词，即(A)。most表示“大多数”时，不是最高级的符号，前面不用the，且mammals为泛指的复数名词，前面不用冠词，故(B)the多余。6.The digestive enzyme pepsin breaks down proteins into components _ readily absorbed by the human body.(A)that can be(B)and are(C)which they(D)are to be答案：A测试点：主谓结构被动语态。分析：空格前为完整的句子，其后为从句。从句连接词兼主语、谓语俱缺, 应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(A)或(C)。空格后动后面出现by+名词词组，说明谓语应是被动式的。故选(A)。7._ the precise qualities of the hero in literary works may vary over time, the basic exemplary function of the hero seems to remain constant.(A)Whatever(B)Even though(C)In spite of (D)Regardless答案：B测试点：从句连接词。分析：逗号后为主句，逗号前从句主谓完整，缺连接词。(A)或(B)都可后接从句，但(A)whoever应在从句中兼作主语或宾语，但空格后从句有主语qualities，且谓语动词way vary不需要带宾语，故(A)错，选(B)。解题要点：4个答案中如有Even though出现，应首先以予考虑。8.Not until the dedication of Yellowstone Park in the late nineteenth century _ a national park.(A)the United States had(B)did the United States have(C)when the United States had(D)the United States having答案：B测试点：倒装句。分析：Not until在句首，要求主谓倒装。应在答案中寻找动词+主语的形式，即(B)。解题要点：遇到Notuntil在句首的句子，在4个答案中先看以动词开头的那一个。9.Daniel Ken Inouye, Hawaiis first Congressman, was elected to the United States Senate in 1963, where _ known for his unbiased views on civil issues.(A)being(B)it is he(C)he became(D)having become答案：C分析：主谓结构。测试点：where后接从句，从句缺主语，且known不能单独作谓语，说明谓语缺失一部分。应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(C)。10.Because caricature tends to emphasize the peculiarities of a subject, _ an effective vehicle for pictorial satire.(A)which is often (B)and often seen as(C)it is often (D)many of which are答案：C分析：主谓结构。测试点:逗号前为Because引导的从句，逗号后应为主句。主句主、谓语俱缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的形式，即(C)(A)(D)均为从句形式.11.In the nineteenth century, Samuel Gridley Howe founded the Pekins School for the Blind, _ for children in Boston, Massachusetts.(A)that institutes(B)while instituted(C)was an institution(D)an institute答案：D测试点：同位语。分析：逗号前为句子，逗号后应是从句或短语。(A)(B)(C)均不能与空格后的成份构成完整的从句，故选(D)构成名词短语，说明宾语the Perkins School for the Blind是什么。12.Early forms of life on Earth, _ in the absence of oxygen, required elements such as sulfur instead.(A)which lived (B)whose life(C)lived(D)were living答案：A测试点：定语从句。分析：句子主、谓语完整，主谓之间用逗号隔开的部分应为定语或同位语。(A)为定语从句。13.People in prehistoric times created paints by grinding materials such as plants and clay into powder _.(A)water to be added(B)for adding water then(C)and water added (D)and then adding water答案：D测试点：并列结构连词。分析：前后两个动作grinding和adding用and(血en)连接。14.Often very annoying weeds, _ and act as hosts to many insect pests.(A)that crowd out less hardy plants than goldenrods(B)crowding out less hardy plants by goldenrods(C)the goldenrods crowding out of less hardy plants(D)goldenrods crowd out less hardy plants答案：D测试点：主谓结构并列结构。分析：逗号前为短语，逗号后为句子。空格后只剩下and+谓语动词+，说明句子缺主语和另一个谓语部分。应在答案中选择主语+动词+的形式，即(D)。15.Starting around 7000 B. C., and for the next four thousand years, much of the Northern Hemisphere _ temperatures warmer than at present.(A)with experience of(B)experienced(C)experiencing(D)experience答案：B测试点：谓语。分析：句子有主语much of而缺谓语，应在答案中选择谓语动词的形式，即(B)。(A) 不是动词；(c)是非谓语形式；(D)动词原形，而much作主语，谓语应用为第三人称单数，不能用原 形动词。16.The chief goal of biochemistry is for to understand the structure and behavior of the ABcarbon-containing compounds that make up various components of a living cell.CD答案：A测试点：名词。分析：不定式to understand作表语，for多余。17.According to entomologists, pollinating insects are attracted to flowers by scent else byABC color. D答案：C测试点：连词。分析：else是形容词或副词，不能用来连接两上介词短语byby。应为rather than。18.The American writer Alex Haley traveled more than a half million mile to authenticate ABChis novel Roots.D答案：C测试点：数的一致。 分析：前面的定语more than a half million是复数意义，mile应为miles。19.Research by physician Alice Hamilton on industrially ailments and poisons led to greatly ABCDimproved health conditions for workers in the early 1900s.答案：B测试点：词性。分析：industrially是副词，但修饰名词ailments and poisons应当用形容词。应为industrial。解题要点：见到划线的以-1y结尾的副词，应注意其是否错用，是否应为名词。20.It was in the late 1930s where Dixieland jazz was appreciated by the general public for ABCDthe first time.答案：B测试点：强调句从句连接词。分析：这是个以n作形式主语的强调句式，从句为真正的主语。被强调的是时间，故从句不能用说明地点的副词where引导。应为that。21.Since 1920 women have been able to participate actively in the government the United ABCDStates.答案：D测试点：缺词介词。分析：名词government与专有名词the united States之间缺介词。应为government of the22.The architectural floor plan for a building is primarily a diagram of the location and ABCfunction of area each of the building.D答案：D测试点：词序。分析：each在此为形容词。单个的形容词修饰名词时应放在名词前，不应后置；应为eacharea.23.Clocks not only measure and tell time but also serve as decorated in homes and other ABCbuildings. D答案：C测试点：词性。分析：decorated是动词的形式，而短语serveas后应接名词，故应为decoration。24.Commercial prices for gems are based in several factors including beauty, durability, ABCrarity,and the current fashion.D答案：B测试点：习语。分析：be based in是固定短语，不用in。解题要点：与base有关的短语为TOEFL常考。25.Candle are made by dipping a wick into wax, to pour wax into a mold containing a ABCsuspended Wick, or rolling wax around a wick.D答案：C测试点：并列结构。分析：连词or所连接的成份应同词性、同性质。or后为现在分词短语rolling，or前不能用不定式to pour。应为pouring。26.Avalanches occur why particles of sand, rock, or snow are dragged down a slope by ABCDgravity.答案：B测试点：从句连接词。分析：why引导的从句是名词性从句，可作句子主语或宾语；但OCCur是不及物动词，后面不接宾语而接状语。why应为when或if根据句意，连接词why词意错误，应改为when，表示时间。27.The average annual solar radiation received by the atmosphere varies strongly with ABClatitude it is four times great at the equator than at the poles.D答案：D分析：(D)测试点：比较级。后文关键词than说明句中应用比较级。另外，数词+as+原级(+as)，或数词+times+比较级是固定短语。应为fou rtimes greater。28.Peggy Guggenheim was none so much attracted to contemporary art itself as she was to ABCDthe bohemian art world.答案：A测试点：否定词。分析：notneversoas是固定短语。此外，否定系动词was应当用副词not。29.Radon-invisible, tasteless, and has no odor-is released into the atmosphere from soil and ABCDrocks.答案：A测试点：并列结构。分析：and所连接的成份应同形式、同词性。and前为形容词，and后不能用动词+宾语的形式。应为形容词odorless。30.Sparrows, small birds of the finch family, have stout beaks adapted seed eating and are ABCDuseful to farmers in destroying weed seeds.答案：C测试点：习语。分析：(be)adapted to是固定短语。应为adapted to seed(eating)。31.The poems of Sara Teasdale are noting for their simplicity and purity of form.ABCD答案：B测试点：习语词形。分析：be noted for是固定短语，不用noting。32.Charlotte Pekins Gilman was a leading intellectual in the womens movement while its ABC early decades in the United States.D答案：C测试点：介词。分析：while是连词，应后接从句或分句。而此处后接词组，应当用介词。应为in或during。解题要点：表示时间的连词和介词混淆误用是TOEFL常考题型。33.The Canadian province of Newfoundland has a rocky coast, a moisture climate, and AB probably the best cod-fishing areas in the world.CD答案：B测试点：词性。分析：moisture是名词；而此处修饰名词climate应当用形容词moist。解题要点：moist(形容词)和moisture(名词)是TOEFL常考的词。34.Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and Space Museum in Wahington D. ABCC. Are the film presented on the five-story-tall screen.D答案：D测试点：主谓数的一致。分析：Among位于句首，说明这是一个倒装句，主语位于系动词之后。系动词are为复数，主语不能用单数的film。应为films35.Alchemists had the idea which by applying chemical vapors to base metals they could AB CDcreate gold.答案：A测试点；从句连接词。分析：此处idea后接从句为同位语从句，不是定语从句，which不能用来引导同位语。应为that。36.The most often flour is made from wheat, but it may also be made from the seeds of ABCDother cereal plants.答案：A分析：此处most修饰often，二者均为副词，作状语，冠词the多余。37.Lacrosse, the oldest organized sport in North America, originally played