2008年1月MBA联考写作真题分析及英语试题.doc

2008年1月MBA联考写作真题及分析61、下面是一段关于中医的辩论。请分析甲乙双方的论辩在概念、论证方法、论据及结论等方面的有效性。600字左右。（30分）甲：有人以中医不能被西方人普遍接受为理由，否定中医的科学性，我不赞同。西方人不能普遍接受中医是因为他们不理解中国的传统文化。乙：世界上有不同的文化，但科学标准是相同的。科学研究的对象是普适的自然规律，因此，科学没有国界，科学的发展不受民族或文化因素的影响。将中医的科学地位不为西方科学界认可归咎于西方人不了解中国文化，是荒唐的。甲：科学无国界 是广为流传的谬误，如果科学真的无国界，为什么外国制药公司会诉讼中国企业侵犯其知识产权？乙：从科学角度看，现代医学以生物学为基础，而生物学又建立在物理、化学等学科的基础之上。但中医的发展不以这些科学为基础，因此，它与科学不兼容，这样的东西只能是伪科学。甲：中医有几千年的历史了，治好了那么多人，怎么可能是伪科学？人们为什么崇尚科学？是因为科学对人类有用。既然中医对人类有用，凭什么说它不是科学？西医自然有长于中医的地方，但中医同样有长于西医之处。中医体现了对人体完整系统的把握，强调整体观念，系统思维，这是西医所欠缺的。乙：我去医院看西医，人家用现代科技手段从头到脚给我检查一遍，怎么能说没有整体观念、系统思维呢？中医在中国居于主导地位的时候，中国人的平均寿命在古代和近代都只有三十岁左右；现代中国人平均寿命提高到七十岁左右，完全是拜现代医学之赐。62、原则，就是规矩，就是准绳。而在日常生活和工作中，常见的表达方式是： 原则上.但是. 请以“原则”于“原则上”为议题写一篇论说文，题目自拟，700字左右。（35分）论证有效性分析参考要点：1、甲认为：西方人不能普遍接受中医是因为他们不理解中国的传统文化。”这其中的理由是不成立的，正如乙所论述的，中医是否有科学性主要取决于科学的标准，不取决于文化的标准。（虚假理由或假因果的谬误）2、甲曲解了“科学无国界”的概念。甲将“科学无国界”曲解为“科学研究的成果不应当受到知识产权的保护”，或者“科学研究的成果是无国界的”。这是错误的。因为科学研究的成果是一种财富，不能被无偿享用，它与“科学”不是一个概念。（混淆概念或不相关的谬误，在“科学无国界”与“国外制药公司诉讼中国企业侵犯知识产权”之间，不能用“如果.则”）3、乙在断定：中医是伪科学之一结论时，理由是不充分的。现代的中医虽然不以生物学等为基础，但生物学、化学等研究方法及其成果在中医中也有应用，因此不能说中医与科学不兼容。另外，不兼容不意味着就是反科学的或是伪科学的。判断科学与伪科学的标准过于简单化。4、甲认为：崇尚科学是因为科学对人类有用。既然中医对人类有用，就应当说中医是科学的。这种推理是不正确的。科学对人类有用，但是有用的未必是科学。该推论必须假设：凡是有用的都是科学。5、在甲的论述中，中医的长处，如“对人体完整的系统把握，强调整体的观念，系统思维”，不能成为证明中医是科学的或者不是伪科学的理由，因为人的观念和思维方式不是判定科学的标准。6、乙在对话中误解了“整体观念”和“系统思维”这两个概念。一般来说，“整体”或“系统”的概念被理解为各个部分或各个要素的有机组合，有严格的结构性或连续性，并不是各个部分或要素的简单相加。7、乙在对话中将现代人寿命的延长完全归结为医学发展的功劳，这一观点过于绝对化。其它因素如生产力的发展，生活水平的提高，抵抗自然灾害能力的提高等因素都不可忽视。论文构思参考要点：1、标题：原则与规划浅议；论原则及其运用的灵活性分论点：论证“原则的重要性或必然性”。举例或经典言论，如“不以规矩，无以成方圆”等。分论点：论证“运用原则要避免犯教条主义的错误”。举例论证。如：按一般原则，做人要诚实，但是对敌人或医生面对得了不治之症的患者，就未必坚持这一原则。分论点：论证“不能以灵活地运用原则为借口，不要原则，导致不讲原则的自由主义。”比如以“强权压倒公理”、“亲情或金钱大于法律”等社会现象为借口，肆意践踏原则，无视规则或法律的存在。2008年1月MBA联考全国英语试题Section I VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)1.Oil is an important _material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics. A rawB. bleakC.flexibleD. fertile2.The high living standards of the US cause its present population to _ 25 percent of the worlds oil. A assumeB. consume C.resumeD.presume3.You shouldnt be so _ -I didnt mean anything bad in what I said. A sentimentalB. sensible C.sensitive D. sophisticated4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the _ of art for later generations. A. philosophyB. concept C.viewpoint D. theme5. Member states had the option to _ from this agreement with one years notice. A deny B. object C.suspect D. withdraw6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of _ irritation. A mutualB. optionalC. neutralD. parallel7. Williams had not been there during the _ moments when the kidnapping had taken place. A superior B. rigorousC.vitalD. unique8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide _ of jobs. A rangeB. fieldC.scaleD. area9. Modern manufacturing has _ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products. A translatedB. transformed C.transferred D. transported10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is _ only by flood. A exceeded B. excelled C.excluded D. extended 11. Voices were _as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered. A.swollenB. increased C. developedD. raised12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, _others will take a longer time. A. whichB. where C. when D. whereas 13. My brother likes eating very much but he isnt very _about the food he eats. A. specialB. peculiar C. particular D. unusual14. Britain might still be part of France if it werent _a disastrous flood 200.000 years ago, according to scientists from Imperial College in London. A. uponB. with C. inD. for15. The water prize is an international award that _outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems. A. recognizesB. requires C. releasesD. relays16. In its 14 years of _, the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States. A. endurance B. emergence C. existence D. eminence17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had _ in the snow. A. started upB. got stuck C. set back D. stood by18._widespread belief cockroaches (螳螂) would not take over the world if there were no around to step on them. A. In view ofB. Thanks toC.In case of D. Contrary to 19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _the notion that Japanese society is a unique culture. A. fit in withB. look down onC.cling toD. hold back 20. As you can see by yourself, things _to be exactly as the professor had foreseen. A . turned inB. turned outC. turned upD. turned downSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes _21_different nations compete against each other in a _22_ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics. In order to _23_the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the international Olympic committee (IOC). After all proposals have been _24_, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with _25_rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, _26_the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the _27_of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to _28_the Games effectively. The IOC also _29_which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. _30_,Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games , were chosen _31_to popularize the Olympic movement In Asia and in Latin America._32_the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into _33_the host citys time zone. _34_the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay _35_ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events _36_, in prime viewing hours. _37_the Games have been awarded. It is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television _38_ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many _39_ there is also direct government support. Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially _40_. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.21. A. inB. forC. ofD. from22. A. lotB. numberC. varietyD. series23. A. hostB. takeC. runD. organize24. A. supported B.submitted C.substituted D.subordinated25. A. suggestiveB. successful C. successiveD. succeeding26. A. letting B. settingC. permitting D. allowing 27. A. site B. spotC. location D. place28. A. state B. stageC. startD. sponsor29. A. thinksB. reckonsC. considersD. calculates 30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In briefD. On the whole 31. A. in timeB. in partC. in caseD. in common 32. A. SinceB. BecauseC. As forD. Because of 33. A. amount B. accountC. accord D. acclaim 34. A. HoweverB. WhateverC. Whenever D. Wherever35. A. greatlyB. handsomelyC. meaningfully D. significantly36. A. liveB. living C. alive D. lively 37. A. Until B. UnlessC. Whether D. Once38. A. incomes B. interestsC. revenues D. returns 39. A. cases B. conditions C. chancesD. circumstances 40. A. safe B. riskyC. tempting D. feasibleSection Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1 . (40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage: Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto (座右铭) was Start small, think big, and have fun, ” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ” Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing. This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrierwhat Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls “the double coincidence of wants.” That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency. Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered” because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads dont register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges. Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade” trading partners for honesty quality and so on. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.41. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are . A. afraid of technology B. skilled in technology C. ignorant of technology D. incompetent in technology42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they . A. were impressed by his creativityB. were eager to identify with his motto C. liked his goal announced in advance D. hoped to prove the power of the Internet43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on .A. the size of barter stiesB. the use of virtual currency C. the quality of goods or services D. the location of trading companies44. It is implies that Internet advertisements can help . A. companies make more profit B. companies do formal exchanges C. media register in statisticsD. media grade barter sites45. Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author? A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way. B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries. C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange. D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage: The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jerseys biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th,has shaken the city. A fourth，who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids,all enrolled in college，all with a future. But the cruel murder，it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough. Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shootin,have been flooded with offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail,its co-founder,says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50，000 to promise to “stop shootin,start thinkin,and keep livin.” The Newark Community Foundation,which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye,a surveillance(监视) system tailored towards gun crime. Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city， believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the citys recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr. Booker，as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations，Newark has been paralyzed by poverty -almost one in three people lives below the poverty line-and growing indifference to crime. Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system，taken over by the state in 1995，is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected， there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark；now， a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year， crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last years high).46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th? A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder. B. Four young people were killed in a school playground. C. The new mayor of Newark took office. D. Four college students fell victim to violence.47. Judging from the context，the “Community Eye”(Line5，Para 2)is_ A. a watching system for gun crime B. a neighborhood protection organization C. an unprofitable community business D. a grassroots organization48.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_ A. violenceB. flood C. povertyD. indifference49. Mayor Bookers effort against crime seem to be _ A. idealisticB. impractical C. effective D. fruitless50. The best title for the passage may be _ A. Stop Shootin，Start Thinking，and Keep Living B. Efforts to Fight against Gun Crimes C. A Mission to Revitalize the City D. Violent Murders in NewarkQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage: According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection. ith almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship. T he financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”. Margarets story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of th