艺考生课程——语法 第四十一讲虚拟语气.doc

2015年学大教育艺考生课程语法 第四十一讲虚拟语气（二）-虚拟语气在名词性/定语/状语从句中的应用适用学科英语适用年级高三适用区域使用人教版教材地区课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点虚拟语气在名词性从句及定语从句中的应用教学目标知识：虚拟语气在名词性/定语/状语从句中的应用方法：通过讲解与练习相结合的方法能力：能根运用虚拟语气进行表达教学重点在名词性/定语/状语从句中的虚拟语气教学难点句型结构的牢固记忆及灵活运用教学过程一、 课堂导入让学生阅读并分析下面两个句子有什么不同1. How I wish I can go there with you!我多希望能和你一块去那儿。2. How I wish I had been there with you! 我多希望和你一块去了那儿。二、复习预习1. 在上课前，帮助学生上节课所学内容：虚拟条件句2. 上节课课后作业检查和订正(1) 订正习题答案(2) 讨论错题并总结错误原因三、知识讲解知识点1：虚拟语气用于名词性从句【考查点1】虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用1. “It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that”结构中的虚拟语气 在 “It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that”结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等形容词后的主语从句的谓语用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形，should可省略直。常用的形容词：* natural (自然的), important (重要的), necessary (必须的), essential(必要的), appropriate (适当的), urgent (急迫的), vital (必不可少的), advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)*, imperative (急需的), essential (本质的), * probable (很可能的), possible (可能的), * desirable (极好的), advisable(合理的)，compulsory(必须的), crucial(紧急的), desirable(理想的), imperative(迫切的), incredible(惊人的)，necessary(必要的), possible(可能的), strange(奇怪的), urgent(紧迫的)。 常用的过去分词(Past Participle):* required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的), desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)* orderd (命令)例：It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. It is recommended that the meeting (should) be postponed till next Monday.2. 在It is +名词+that的主语从句中的虚拟语气在It is +名词+that的主语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice, decision, desire, demand, idea, motion, order, pity, preference, proposal, resolutionrecommendation, requirement, shame, suggestion, surprise, wish, wonder等。例：It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外进一步学习。It is his suggestion that you (should) go to America.他建议你去美国。【考查点2】虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中: 表示命令, 要求, 建议, 形式为should be 型或be 型。常见动词：ask, decide, demand, desire, insist, move, order, prefer, propose, request, require, suggest, urge等.例：he pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. 他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据，直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。2. 在以 it 为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中: 表示要求, 建议等,谓语动词为should be 型或be 型。例: I think it advisable (明智的) that he (should) have his car serviced.We consider it imperative (必须的) that a meeting (should) be held immediately. 常在主句中作宾语补语的adj., 与主语从句中使用虚拟语气主句中的adj.相同.3.在would rather / had rather 后的宾语从句中: 谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were。例：I would / had rather you came tomorrow (than) today.4. 在动词wish的宾语从句中:表示与现在或过去的事实相反, 或对于将来的主观愿望,从句通常省略that.1) 表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句用一般过去时，be动词用were。例：I wish I knew his address. (= I am sorry I dont know his address.)I wish it were summer now.2) 表示对过去情况的虚拟: 从句用had done型虚拟形式。例: I wished I hadnt spent so much money.= (I was sorry I had spent so much money.)They wish they had not lost the chance.3) 表示对将来的主观愿望: 从句用would/could +动词原形。例：I wish it would stop raining. 【考查点3】在表语从句中的用法虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法主要有两种情况:1. 从句以that 引导, 主句的主语为表示命令, 建议,计划等的名词, 从句的谓语为should be 型或be 型虚拟形式。常用作主句主语的名词有: aim, advice, demand, desire, idea, order, plan, recommendation, requirement, suggestion, wish等。例：The doctors advice is that the patient (should) be kept quiet.Our suggestion is that you (should) be the first to go.2. 从句以as if / as though 引导, 主句的谓语动词为连系动词:1)表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时。例：You look as if you had a toothache.She looked as though she were fainting.2) 表示从句的动作先于主句的动作的发生，从句用had done型虚拟形式。 例：He looks as if he had been ill.以as if / as though 引导的从句如果不是表示虚拟, 而是表示可能的事实, 则从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气.【考查点4】在同位语从句中的用法在表示命令, 建议, 计划等的名词后同位语从句中,谓语动词用should be 型或be 型。常用与从句同位的名词有: aim, demand, desire, idea, order, plan, recommendation, regulation, requirement, suggestion, wish 等。例：The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering.Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch?知识点2：虚拟语气用于定语从句中这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should +动词原形，意思是“(现在)该”。例：Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going.知识点3：在状语从句中的用法【考查点1】在让步状语从句中的用法 1) 从句由even if / even though 引导（主句和从句都用虚拟语气，形式与条件句相同）与现在或将来事实相反：从句为一般过去时, 主句为should / would +动词原形与过去事实相反：从句用had done, 主句用should / would have done型。例：Even if my mother were here, I should say the same thing.Even though it had been a rainy day, I should have gone to see him.2) 当从句用though / although 引导从句用一般过去时或should+动词原形, 主句可用陈述语气。例：This gave me some faint hopes of relief, although I were not able to imagine how it could be brought out. Though the whole world should condemn him, I will still believe in him.【考查点2】在方式状语从句中的用法1) 表示从句与主句的动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时，be动词用were例：He treats me as if I were a stranger.Charles laughed, as though that were a joke.2) 表示从句的动作先于主句的动作发生,从句用had done例：Why is she looking at me as though she had seen me before?如果不是表示虚拟, 而是表示可能的事实, 则方式状语从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气.【考查点3】在目的状语从句中的用法1) 从句以in order that或so that 引导, 动词用should be 型虚拟形式例：They are climbing higher so that / in order that they should / might / could get a better view.She averted her face so that / in order that the child should / might not see her tears.2) 从句以in case, for fear (that), lest 引导, 表示否定目的, 动词用(should) be型虚拟形式例：He took an umbrella with him in case / for fear / lest he (should) be caught in the rain.She hurried on, in case / for fear / lest Jack (should) meet her again.以in case 引导的从句还常用陈述语气; 以for fear (that) 引导的从句谓语还可用情态动词may, might 和would.四、例题精析【例题1】It is necessary that he_ there in time. A. is B. was C. were D. be 【答案】D【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气在主要从句中的应用。It is strange / necessary/ natural/ desirable/ advisable that + (should) +动词原形的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。【例题2】I wish I_ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see【答案】C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。wish后接虚拟浯气的从句，若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去式；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语用过去完成式；若表示与将来事实相反的愿望，谓语用would+动词原形。通过此句中的yesterday可知是表示与过去事实相反的愿望，所以答案为C。【例题3】When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_ A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken【答案】C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气在表语从句中的运用。从句以as if / as though 引导, 主句的谓语动词为连系动词，当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句用were型虚拟形式，所以答案为C。五、课堂运用【基础】1. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 【答案】D【解析】从句子中时态talked可知as if引导的从句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以从句要用had done, 因此答案为D。2. The teacher demanded that the exam_ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 【答案】C【解析】在表示请求、命令、建议、要求的词后的宾语从句中应使用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。故选C项。3. Id rather he_ here. A. come B. comes C. came D. will come 【答案】C【解析】would rather后接从句，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语常用过去式。 【巩固】4. Now, then, children, it is time you_. A. washed and dress B. are washed and dressed C. will wash and dress D. were washed and dressed【答案】D【解析】句意为:“孩子们,现在该是你们洗刷和穿衣服的时候了。”it is time that从句中多用一般过去时态来表示虚拟语气;wash和dress都是及物动词,其后没有宾语,故用被动语态。5. They suggested that the library _open during the vacation. A. was kept B. would be kept C. is kept D. be kept 【答案】D【解析】句意为“他们建议图书馆应该在假期时继续开放”。suggest表示“建议”时，后面的宾语从句中通常用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 6. Id rather_ rudely to her yesterday. A. you not speak B. your not speaking C. you didnt speak D. you hadnt spoken 【答案】D【解析】句意为:我真希望昨天你对她讲话没有那么粗鲁。would rather后也可跟从句, 表示主语“宁愿”, 这时, 从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 与过去情况相反要用过去完成时。【拔高】7. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _at the age of six months old. A. was B. be C. were D. is【答案】B【解析】题干关键词为recommend，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用（should+）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故选择B。8. Its strange that theynothing about this matter. A. know B. would know C. knows D. knew 【答案】A【解析】在Its importantsurprisingdesirablestrangenecessaryno wondera pitya shamethat 从句中，从句谓语动词用（should）do。9. He had an expression of resentment（不高兴）, as if Martina fool of him. A. had made B. makes C. made D. would make【答案】A【解析】该题中as if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用had done。课程小结本节课主要讲解了虚拟语气（二），主要讲解了虚拟语气在名词性/定语/状语从句中的应用。同学在学习此类虚拟语气时，一定要先记住虚拟语气在每种从句中的句型结构，然后根据具体语境灵活运用。课后作业【基础】We all agreed to her suggestion that weto the Great Wall for sightseeing(观光 ). A. will go B. go C. shall go D. should have gone【答案】B【解析】在advice, demand, idea, order, plan, suggestion等名词后的同位语从句或表语从句中要用虚拟语气，其谓语形式为“(should)do”。2. The chairman requested that . A. the members studied the problem more carefully B. the problems were more carefully studied C. the problems could be studied with more care D. the members study the problem more carefully 【答案】D【解析】在suggest, demand, request，require(要求)，order(命令), insist（坚持）, advise（劝告）等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用(should) do，同时还应注意语态。3. It is surprising that heat the meeting. A. was B. be C. is D. were 【答案】B【解析】在Its importantsurprisingdesirablestrangenecessaryno wondera pitya shamethat 从句中，从句谓语动词用（should）do。【巩固】4. I w