2010泰州市中考英语阅读理解50篇.doc

2010泰州市中考英语阅读理解50篇（详解）初中英语阅读训练方法1. 讲究阅读方法(1)依据主题句定短文的中心：任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联系，而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句，通常置于段落的开头，有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；若把一个个主题句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰，但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中，因而要综观全文，对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。如： My friend Matt and I arrived at the Activity Centre on Friday evening. The accommodation wasnt wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets, food ), and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air. On Saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. Cameron had come along with two friends, Kevin and Simon, while sisters Carole and Lynn had come with Amanda. There were some other members I didnt know. We had come from different places and none of us knew the area. We knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. Half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. Matt and I went to the caves (岩洞) first. Climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. Though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what wed done. This passage mainly talks about _. A. the writers friends at the Activity Center B. the writers experience at the Activity Center C. outdoor sports at the Activity Center D. how to go rock-climbing and caving 参考答案B 上述这段短文的中心是说明“the writers experience at the Activity Center.”。作者以及作者的朋友，还有组上的其他一些成员一起在活动中心度周末的一些活动以及感受。(2) 掌握具体事实和重要细节：阅读文章时，要求学生养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯。因为具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充、说明或例证，是用来支持和说明中心思想的，而且是阅读理解测试的重要组成部分。如：If someone asks me: “Do you like music?” Im sure I will answer him or her: “Of course, I do.” because I think music is an important part of our lives. Different people have different ideas about music. For me, I like rock music because its so exciting. And my favorite rock band, the “Foxy Ladies” (酷妹) is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. I also like pop music. My classmate LiLan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing. My best friend, Jane, likes jazz music (爵士乐). She thinks jazz is really cool. “I like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother, “because they are amazing.” But my mother thinks rock is boring. “I like some relaxing (轻松的) music,” she says. Thats why she likes country music, I think. The writer likes music because he thinks _. A. its an exciting part of our lives B. its an amazing part of our lives C. its an important part of our lives What kind of music does the writer like? A. Rock and pop music. B. Rock and dance music. C. Jazz and country music. Who likes dancing? A. The writer. B. Li Lan. C. Jane. The writers mother thinks that country music is _. A. amazing B. boring C. relaxing How many peoples ideas about music are talked about in this passage (短文)?A. 4. B. 5. C. 6.这是几道重要事实和细节的辨认题，全是围绕短文的主题句“Different people have different ideas about music”来展开说明的，起补充举例作用。答案分别为 C A B C B。 (3) 运用构词法、语境线索等帮助来推测关键词义：在阅读文章的过程中，常常会遇到一些生词，如果不懂得这些词义就会妨碍理解，但大部分生词的词义是可以根据上下文，结合构词法、借助文章中的语境线索帮助在理解基础上猜测其词义，这有助于加快阅读速度，提高阅读理解能力。如：Water is all around us. Water is in the ocean. Water is in the lakes and rivers. Water is in the air. There is more water than land on the earth. All living things must have it. We must have it, too. We cannot live without drinking water. Sometimes, we do not have all the water that we need. The land will dry up without water. Sometimes, there can be too much water in the land. If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hill. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. It is called erosion when the water takes the land away.“Erosion” in the passage means _.A. 地震 B. 雪崩 C. 侵蚀 D. 霜冻 根据前面的语句If it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hills. It takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills.解释可以推知erosion是一种自然地理现象，即“侵蚀”，答案为C。2. 训练阅读速度在阅读中，我们或多或少会碰到一些生词和不熟悉的短语，这些生词和短语会妨碍我们对文章中心的理解，但我们总是查阅词典也会影响阅读的速度。为了不查词典又能破解生词词义，并理解好文章的中心，要求考生根据构词法判断词义。如：This material is unreadable.中 unreadable是生词。学生可以根据词根 read ，知道 un和 able分别为前缀和后缀，那么 unreadable的意义就不难猜测了；还可以培养学生根据生词与上下文的关系来猜测其意义。生词所在的句子、段落会提供很多的暗示和线索，依据这些暗示和线索就可以理解生词的词义了。如：同义词反义词线索；解释性线索；例证性线索；标点符号线索等。如：A. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中的 looks after sheep 就解释了 herdsman的词义为“牧人”。B. Like her younger sister who is gregarious, Alice also likes to make friends.句首的 like（像）这个语境线索说明：句中的gregarious与 likes to make friends意义相近。通过这些方式可以帮助学生加快阅读速度，进一步提高阅读正确率。3. 改进阅读方式（1）预测：培养学生依据文章标题（副标题）、插图以及相关的背景知识和社会生活经验，对文章的大致内容预测以及可能涉及到的词汇，然后阅读文章的第一段，并对自己的预测进行验证、纠正，同时抓住主题句、关键词，从而更好地从整体上去理解和把握文章的中心。（2）略读：指导学生快速浏览全文，领会文章大意，辨析文体，掌握篇章结构，进而抓住文章的中心。3）查读：指导学生在浏览全文的基础上进行查读，以回答个别事实细节性的问题。有些细节性的问题不能直接在短文中找到答案，必须进行必要的综合、归纳、转换才能获得，也就是要在直接可获得的事实和细节的基础上经过综合、归纳、转换间接地获得所需要的事实和细节。它通常涉及数据、时间、人称、代词的指代、动作的行为的关联、动作行为者与承受者、地点和空间、表态方式、因果、条件、内涵与外延等。如： One day Mrs Wison went shopping with Tracy and Ben. They went to the supermarket in the new shopping center. “Why do you buy things here?” Tracy wanted to know. “Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home,” Mrs. Wilson said. “Help me check the prices, please.” The Wilsons were not rich and Mrs. Wilson was always careful with her money. She looked carefully at the prices of things. She bought lots of things in the supermarket. When they got home, the children said, “We dont think you saved money by going to the supermarket.” “Of course I did,” Mrs. Wilson said “Everything was cheaper there.” “We know,” the children said, “but we came home by taxi because we had too much to carry. The taxi fare was more than the money that you saved !” Mrs Wilson added everything up. Her children were right.“Well done,” she said. “Next time well do the shopping nearby.” The things at the corner store were _ than those in the supermarket.A. cheaper B. nicer C. more expensive D. Better Mrs. Wilson _ in the end. A. spent more money B. paid less money C. lost some money D. saved a little money 这两个问题都是细节性问题，但又不能直接从文章中得出答案，要经过分析和计算间接地获得事实细节。选C。由 Mrs. Wilson 的话“Because they are cheaper here than at the corner store near our home. ”分析可知the things at the corner store were more expensive.选A。 Mrs. Wilson 在超级市场买的东西是便宜的，但返回时由于东西多结果打的士回家将打的士的费用摊进去就高于节省的费用了，因此可以知道：Mrs. Wilson spent more money in the end.4. 扩大英语阅读量目前初中英语教科书所提供的阅读量较以前有较大幅度的增加，在题材、体裁的选取，功能与话题的设计方面均注意到多样化和广泛性；内容贴近学生实际，教师可以立足教材阅读材料指导和训练学生阅读方法与技巧，教学语言知识和指导学生掌握句法、语法，扩大词汇量，培养阅读兴趣，帮助学生奠定一定的英语阅读能力。但教材中的阅读量离大纲和课标要求的阅读量远远不够。课标五级阅读要求规定：除教材外，课外阅读量应 达到15万字以上。因此教师要督促学生精读泛读结合，通过广泛的阅读不仅有利于学生扩大词汇量，丰富语言知识、开阔视野，开拓思路，还有利于了解英美等国的文化背景、生活风俗、思维习惯及英语特有的语言表达方式，从而提高阅读理解能力。泛读时，要求学生对阅读材料中的各种语言现象不作全面精细认真的分析，而是根据已掌握的语言知识尽快地获取所需要的信息。5. 强化阅读训练(1) 指定阅读范围：教师按学生的英语水平将其分成不同的组别，选择与之相适应的英语读物（配有一定量的问题），分别规定阅读的范围，要求他们课外自行安排时间，带着问题快速阅读，并规定一个较宽松的期限进行检查。(2) 进行阅读指导：对学生阅读过程中遇到的疑难，教师要及时答疑辅导，以帮助学生顺利阅读。但要注意从学法上多加以指导，帮助和引导他们自行分析和解决问题。(3) 检查阅读效果：到了规定的阅读期限教师可以通过口头练习和笔试结合的方式分组检查学生阅读任务完成的情况。口头练习以学生回答有关问题、讲述阅读文章的心得为主；笔试检查要求学生完成正误判断题，选择题，填空题等。(4) 展示阅读效果：利用英语课外活动，通过开展书评、辩论会、演讲会等活动来展示不同组学生课外泛读的成果。分A、B组评论读物；讨论读物的人物特征、主要情节等，让学生在宽松的氛围中各抒己见，互相交流，从而促进学生阅读时积极思考，认真阅读，同时加深对读物的理解，培养表达能力。6. 加强评估指导通过评估测试可以检测学生阅读理解实际能力与水平，可以摸清学生的强项与不足，从而为进一步培养学生阅读能力提供依据。教师要充分发挥阅读测试的指挥棒作用。阅读测试文章选材要广泛多样，篇幅要恰当，难易要适中，从而确保阅读测试的信度和效度；在题型设计上做到主观性题型和客观性题型兼顾，并针对学生平时阅读中反映出来的重点、难点与疑点，避免题型过于单一以及偏题、怪题现象，更不能片面追求试题难度。客观性测试题要能通过阅读文章直接找到答案；主观性测试题要能在阅读短文后通过上下文，运用联想、比较、归纳、分析判断文章的隐含意义。测试后要认真进行分析和总结，做到发现问题及时解决，以便进一步提高。中考英语阅读训练浪费可耻Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for more food than they can eat and others often forget to turn off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I dont agree with them. Waste can bring a lot of problems. Although China is rich in some resources(资源), we are short of(缺乏) others, for example, fresh water(淡水). It is reported that we will have no coal(煤) or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on wasting our resources, what can we use in the future and where can we move? Think about it. I think we should say no to the students who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible. In our everyday life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps(水龙头) when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day, if we do our best. 根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1. From the passage we know that some students often _ in the school. A. eat too much B. dont work hard C. waste things D. throw rubbish everywhere2. Which is not mentioned in this passage? A. Fresh water. B. Forest. C. Oil. D. Coal. 3. What may happen in 100 years? A. We may still have enough oil.B. We may still have enough coal. C. We may have a little oil.D. We may have no coal or oil to use. 4. Which of the following is right? A. Waste brings problems.B. Waste can bring no problem. C. China is rich in fresh water.D. Students never waste things. 5. Which is the best title of this passage? A. Stop Wasting B. School lifeC. Waste in the School D. Rich Resources in China【答案及解析】1. 选C。从文章的第1句Waste can be seen everywhere in the school.就说明了在学校浪费现象随处可见，故选C。2. 选B。在第2段中，Fresh water, oil, coal均有提及，但Forest没有提到。故选B。3. 选D。由第2段的句子It is reported that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years.可知，在100年后，我们可能没有coal or oil to use。故答案选D。4. 选A。短文的第2段第1句Waste can bring a lot of problems就告诉了我们答案，故选。5. 选A。在短文的第1段例举一些浪费现象，引出第2段Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible. 所以Stop Wasting 为短文的最佳标题。中考英语阅读理解不一样的平安夜Christmas Eve means a warm get-together with friends, a candlelight dinner, or perhaps a celebration at a pub(酒馆) for students. But, for Cai Yingjie, the night has a different meaning: helping beggars(乞丐) and the homeless(people without homes). Cai, who is a student in journalism at Tsinghua, could be found at Beijings Wudaokou Light Railway Station that special evening. When she saw an old beggar, she took the cold, rough hands of the woman with her warm, clean hands, and gave the woman some warm bread and helped her put on a pair of new gloves(手套). The woman was surprised for a few seconds, then burst into tears, saying “for the first time I feel respected(尊重)”.Cai said, “A beggars life is very hard. Thats why I want to help them.” Cai was one of 14 Tsinghua students spendingChristmas Eve among the poor. They walked in the cold wind along the streets from 4to 7 pm on Friday, visiting 15 beggars in Beijings Haidian District.They brought bread and gloves with them, and stopped to greet beggars and offer them some of the warm food. Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise. “I know the activity cant help much, but its meant to show our respect and care for beggars and the homeless who have been neglected for so long,” said Sun, head of the group. “And Christmas is a good time for that.” 根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1. What does Christmas Eve mean to the 14 Tsinghua students? A. Taking 15 beggars to Tsinghua.B. Getting together with friends.C. Showing care to the beggars and the homeless. D. Selling bread and gloves to the beggars.2. What does the beggar mean by saying “for the first time I feel respected”? A. The beggar has been waiting for Cai for long. B. The beggar hasnt been shown care for so long. C. The beggar has been respecting Cai for a long time. D. This is the first time the beggar has seen Tsinghua students. 3. What did each beggar feel when they received greetings? A. Sad. B. Amazed.C. Frightened.D.Proud. 4. The word “neglected” in the last passage means _. A. protectedB. foundC. taken care ofD. given no enough care【答案及解析】1. 选C。第1段的最后一句helping beggars(乞丐) and the homeless(people without homes). 就是他们的决定，即去帮助那些乞丐和无家可归的人，给他们以关爱。答案选C。2. 选B。根据第3段中的 woman所说的话：for the first time I feel respected(尊重). 我们可以推断出：乞丐们有太长的时间没人关心了。故答案为B。3. 选B。 在第6段中有这样一句Each beggar greeted them with a look of surprise. 而B选项中Amazed 的同义表达就是surprised，所以答案为B。4. 选D。本文讲述了14个清华学子在平安夜帮助流浪汉和乞丐们的故事。这些流浪汉和乞丐们都感到十分的意外和温暖，我们由此可推断他们应该是长期given no enough care(被忽视的)原因。这样我们就可以排除A、B、C三项，最后正确答案为D。吓人的惩罚Little Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents had tried everythingtutors (家庭教师), cards, special learning centersin short, everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic (天主教的) school.After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on his face. He didnt kiss his mother hello. Instead, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread (铺开) out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished eating, he went back to his room, without a word. In no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time, day after day while the mother tried to understand what was happening.Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books. His mom looked at it and to her surprise, little Tommy got an A in math. She could no longer hold her curiosity (好奇心). She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns (修女)?”Little Tommy looked at her and shook his head, “No.”“Well then,” she asked again. “WHAT was it?”Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they werent joking.”根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1. Why did Tommys parents send him to a catholic school?A. Because he could eat well there.B. Because he could earn more about nuns. C. Because his parents wanted him to do better in his math. D. Because his parents didnt want him to learn math any more.2. Tommys mother felt surprised that his son _.A. was still the same as usualB. ate so much at dinnerC. kissed her hello after schoolD. worked hard but said little3. “Hitting the books” means “_” in Chinese.A. 用功B. 捶书 C. 发泄D. 振作4. The last sentence in the passage shows that _.A. Tommy felt sorry for the mailB. Tommy was afraid of being nailedC. Tommy didnt like the plus signD. Tommy liked playing jokes on others5. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that _. A. teachers should be strict with their studentsB. mistaking (误解) might do good sometimesC. a catholic school is much better than other onesD. nuns are good at helping children with their math【答案及解析】1. 选C。文章第1段说Tommy数学学不好，其父母想尽了一切办法都不奏效，最后将他送进了一所天主教的教会学校。2. 选D。认真阅读第2段前面几句话，并注意以下信息：After the first day, little Tommy came homedidnt kiss his mother hellowas hard at workwithout a word. 可知答案应选D。3. 选A。根据文章大意和Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card. He quietly put it on the table and went up to his room and hit the books这个句子的语境，可知hit the books的意思是“用功”。4. 选B。Tommy学习一直不用功，但自从进了这所catholic school之后，情况就不一样了整天都发狠读书，结果数学考试也得了A。这是为什么呢？文章在最后道出了其原因：Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man nailed (钉) to the plus sign (加号), I knew they werent joking. 由此可知，Tommy是担心学习不用功会被钉在十字架上。5. 选B。Tommy把the man nailed to the plus sign误解为“学习不用功的结果”，从而一改自己原来不好学的不良习惯，很快就把数学成绩赶了上去。可见，误解有时也可以起到好的效果。火中自救小知识What are you going to do if you are in a burning house? How will you escape? Do you know how to save yourself? Please read the following passage. Escaping a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do during a fire can save you life. It is important to know the ways you can use and show them to everyone in the family, such as stairways and fire escapes, but not lifts. From the lower floors of the buildings, escaping through windows is possible, learn the best way of leaving by windows with the least chance of serious injury. The second floor window is usually not very high from the ground. An average(平均高度的) person, hanging by the finger-tips will have a drop of about six feet to the ground. It is about the height of an average man. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way than to stay in a burning building. Windows are also useful when you are waiting for help. Be sure to keep the door closed. Or smoke and fire may be drawn into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get fresh air rather than smoke that may leaked(渗) into the room.On a second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those that open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more safely. Dropping onto cement(水泥) might end in injury. Bushes(灌木丛) and grass can help to break a fall. 根据以上短文内容，然后从每题所给的四个选项中选择最佳选项。1. It is important to _. A. put out the fire in the burning houseB. know the ways to escape the fire C. jump off a burning house D. keep the door closed 2. It is possible to escape through the windows _.A. if there are some bushes on the groundB. if you are strong enoughC. if you live on a lower floorD. If you have a long rope3. Which of the following escaping way is NOT right? _. A. You can escape though stairways. B. You can choose fire escapes. C. Escape from the windows that open onto a roof. D. Use a lift to come down at once. 4. Open the window so that _ if the building is on fire. A. you can get fresh air B. you can call for helpC. you can easily jump off D. you can be seen first5. The best title of the passage is _. A. Escaping from the WindowsB. Save Yourself in the Burning HouseC. Knowledge on Fire D. Waiting for Help【答案及