英语应用文写作讲义整理

英语应用文写作讲义整理Unit 1 Letter Writing and Note一 写信EnvelopeWriting(信封的写法) Addressing Envelopes :1、寄信人姓名、地址写在信封的左上角，商贸机构所用的信封，通常已在左上角印好寄信人地址； 2、收信人姓名地址写在信封中央偏下位置，现在的流行写法，除缩略语外，已不用标点符号； 3、邮票贴在信封右上角，现国外来函大多已在右上角印妥邮资； 4、寄信人和收信人姓名、地址现多用齐头式，也可用缩行式。其排列顺序与汉语相反，先写姓名，后写地址，写地址应由小至大，即先写机构名称，依次写门牌、街道城市名、州（省）名及邮区代号，最后写国名； 5、关于信件类别，投递方式及其他事项说明，写在信封左边寄信人地址下，或写在左下角。如怀疑信件能否送交收件人，可在信封最下缘标明“IF UNDELIVERED PLEASE RETURN TO”, 意为“无法投递，请退交”格式图例： stamp (邮票) addresser(发信人地址) addressee（收信人地址）Sample: English Department Dalian Maritime University Dalian, 116024 P.R. China Robert Cook Room 8, flat 22 Leazes Terrace Newcastle upon Tyne NE14 LY England 词汇A. By Ail Mail/Par Avion 航空 B. Ail Mail Registered 航空挂号C. Registered 挂号邮件 D. Express 快递E. Parcel Post 包裹邮件 F. Printed Matter 印刷品G. Sample Post 样品邮件 H. With Compliments 赠品I. Photo Inclosed 内有照片 J. Return Postage Guaranteed 保付退还邮费K. If Undelivered, Please Return to 如无法投递，请退 Private 私人信，亲启 Personal 个人信，私函 Confidential 机密信，密函v Private/Personal Letters(私人书信)Personal letters can be divided into two broad categories, based on the intended recipient: person-to-person letters and person-to-business letters. Person-to-person letters are letters that one individual sends to another individual that deal with personal matters, as opposed to business matters. Person-to-business letters are letters that individuals send to businesses or institutions on which deal with matters related to some type of business relationship between the two parties.格式与组成 (Formsand Ingredients) 1 Heading(信头) 2 insideAddress(信内地址) 3 Salutation(称呼) 4 TheBodyof theLetter(正文) 5 TheComplimentary Close(结尾) 6 Signature(签名) 7 Postscript andEnclosureAttachment(附言 与附件) Main Styles:1. Full Block (平头式)2. Indented Form (缩行式)3. Semi-block or Modified Style (折衷式)Sample 1 20 Market Street Halt whistle North Umberland NE49 ODX 14th April, 2001The ManagerClassic Bookstore4 Grey StreetNEL 8STDear Sir,I would be grateful yours,signaturev 1. The Heading v The heading of a friendly letter should contain the return address (usually two lines) followed by a third line with the date. v In a friendly letter the heading is always indented to the middle of the page. v If the correspondents are familiar enough and the recipient knows the writers address, or if the stationery is imprinted with the return address, then the return address may be omitted. v Always include the date. v Example: 123 Main St. West Newfield CT 06123 December 14, 2002 (Most authorities skip a line between the address and the date.) 2. The Greeting The greeting in a friendly letter capitalizes the first word and any noun. It normally ends with a comma, though it might be all right to end with an exclamation point when writing to someone with whom you are very familiar and the emphasis is appropriate. Example: Dear Aunt Miriam,3. The Body The body of the letter contains the main text. This includes the message you want to write. Normally in a friendly letter, the beginning of paragraphs is indented. If not indented, be sure to skip a space between paragraphs. Skip a line after the greeting and before the close.4. The Complimentary Close The complimentary close is always a few words on a single line. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a comma. It should be indented to the same column as the heading. Skip one to three spaces (two on a typewriter) for the signature line.5. The Signature Line Type or print your name. The handwritten signature goes above this line and below the close. The signature line and the handwritten signature are indented to the same column as the close. Unless there is great familiarity between the correspondents, the signature should be in blue or black ink. If the writer and reader are very friendly, or if the letter is handwritten in the same script as the signature, the signature line or the last name in the signature line may be omitted.Example: Truly yours, (Signature goes here) Margaret Fong6. Postscript If you want to add anything additional to the letter you write a P.S. (post script) and the message after that. You can also add a P.P.S after that and a P.P.P.S. after that and so on.The opening sentences(常用起首语) Thank you for your letter dated Oct. 23,2005.Many thanks for your letter of Sept. 4,2000.A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 6, 2003.Your kind letter of Nov. 24th arrived this morning.Your letter which arrived today gave me great comfort.In reply to your letter dated 6th July , I want to sayThank you very much for your letter of August 1 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th.It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that I was so glad to receive your letter of March 23rd.I am writing to ask about the conference to be held in Beijing next year.I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.I am too excited and delighted at your good news.I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.The closing sentences(常用结束语) Awaiting your good news,Looking forward to your early reply,Hoping to hear from you soon,We await your good news.I hope to hear from you very soon.We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.Your early reply will be highly appreciated.Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.The help you give me is sincerely valued.I hope everything will be well with you.Please let us know if you want more information.I hope you always enjoy yourself.I wish you every success in the coming year.Please remember me to your family.With best regards to your family.All the best.With love and good withes.The Complimentary Close 1私人书信常用Sincerely, Sincerely yours,Very Sincerely yours, Yours very Sincerely,Yours ever, Yours as ever,Yours affectionately, Love,With love from, Your own,All my love, Your loving son (daughter.)Your ever son, Your affectionate (or loving) father (mother, sister) 2社交书信常用Your sincerely. Your truly.Yours faithfully. Truly your,Faithfully yours,3公函常用Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours,例子Dear Maria, This seems to be a busier week than usual after our 6 weeks away. It was nice of you to have a letter to greet me. Thank you, dear. My hasty note told you of my arrival. Last night I went to see your grandmother and dined with her. She is pretty well now and she told me she miss you very much. She hopes youd better come back and have a short stay at home. Yet, I told her you are now very busy with your lesson. She told me to tell you that you must come back during Christmas holidays. Would that be possible? No more now, dear Maria. Wish everything is well with you. With love, Cathy二Note/Letter of ThanksGoals :v To write notes (format, language)v To write letters (formatheading, greeting, body, closing, signaturelanguage)v To write notes/letters of thanksv To know some useful expressionsNote与letter的不同Notes: short, not to be mailed. Left at home, the office or with a neighbor/friend. Letters: longer, to be sent through the mail.Notesv Format: -note to a friend (not to write our address/date; begin with the persons first name, close with our first names, not to write “sincerely”). -note to a professor/colleague (write the persons family name with a title before it, sign with our full name.v Language: -note to friends/families (phrases & incomplete sentences are very common). -note to people who are not our close friends (complete sentences to show politeness) Model 1: Alice leaves a note in her country cottage to her friend, Bonnie, who is going to stay there for a while.Model 2: Both Mark and Sheila work in a library. Mark is explaining a problem about a book in his note to Sheila. The note is left on the library desk, on top of the book in question.Model 3: A manager leaves a note to his new secretary.Lettersv Format: -Heading: top right-hand corner, including return address, date. -Greeting: skip one line, & write greeting/salutation “Dear.”on left part.-Body: -Closing: -Signature:v Language: complete sentence. Sometimes incomplete sentences to family members/close friends.Model 4: a letter to a close friendNotes/Letters of thanks Start with expressions of thanks; describe the reason. Then describe in detail our enjoyment/pleasure to make our thanks more sincere.-gift: mention the name of the gift, how much you like it/how you plan to use it.-money gift: “your generous gift”, not refer to the amount. (model 6)-visit: describe how you enjoyed it. (model 7) To be sincere, avoid using over-flowery or empty language. Short, simple & direct language is always the most effective. To be aware of the differences between an informal note/letter and a formal one. (cf model 3 & 8 with other model notes/letters)Model 5: Jane comes to return Bobs dictionary she borrowed two days ago. Bob is not in, so Jane leaves a note on his table.Model 6: a letter to a family member.（略）Model 7: a letter to a friend.Model 8: a formal letter.Exercise: compare the following two letters, and discuss which one is better.First Second又一例：Dear Mr. Smith, I am writing to you just to tell you how very much I appreciate the warm welcome you extended to my wife when she visited your country last week. The help and advice you gave to her, and the introductions you arranged for her, have resulted in a number of very useful meetings and I should like you to know how very grateful I am for all you have done to make them possible. I realized the value of time to a busy person like you and this makes me all the more appreciative of the time you so generously gave to her.敬爱的史密斯先生： 我写此信是想告诉您我是多么感激您在我太太上周访问贵国时给予他的热情款待。你给予她的协助和宝贵意见，以及为她安排的情况介绍，使她有机会开成几次十分有用的会议，这一切都得助于您才得以办成，我对此真是感激不尽。我深知时间对于像您一样忙的人是多么宝贵，而您如此慷慨地拿出时间接待她，我为此要向您表示无限的感谢。 Useful expressions：Neutral: Than you for.(-ing)./ I must thank you forMore formal: I am grateful for your help/for your showing meInformal: Thanks for/ It was very nice of you toI would like to thank you.Dan and I are extremely grateful.I really appreciate.Thomas and I cant thank you enough.I was so excited to receive.Thank You Wording ExamplesIt isnt always easy coming up with enough adjectives and descriptions for gifts, especially if you are thanking for wedding gifts. Mention the specific gift in your thank you note wording. Pick some adjectives from the list below if you need some thank you note wording inspiration.Special GenerousPerfect UsefulExquisite PrettyBeautiful Attractive Elegant StunningMuch needed ThoughtfulThank You PhrasesThink of ways that you will be using the gift and work it into your note/letter. Below are some phrases you might find useful. Well enjoy using.The. is perfect for.The. is gracing the entrance hall.I cant believe how well the. matches our.We will always treasure.It matches our. perfectly. is a welcome addition to our new home.The. is really useful.Supplemented model Dear Grandpa, Thank you for the new fishing rod. It was one of my best birthday presents. I cant wait till I see you next summer, so we can go fishing together. With my new rod, maybe I can catch as many fish as you do! Im working hard in school this year. My favorite subject is science, and guess what? Were going to learn about fish in the spring. Thanks again for the great present. I cant wait to see you and Grandma in June. Love, JoeyDear Mary, Thank you so much for the lovely roses you sent me. They cheered me up no end and are now gracing the entrance hall. They smell gorgeous and I have had lots of favorable comments. I cant believe they are from your garden; you really must have green fingers. Thanks again and see you soon. Love, June Dear Jill and Tom, Thanks ever so much for the surprise party you organized for me. I cant believe how good you both are at keeping secrets; I never suspected a thing! Everyone really enjoyed themselves and had a wonderful time, myself included. I hope you dont mind me enclosing a little gift as a thank you to you both. Enjoy! Love, JoanDear Amy and Dave, Thank you so much for the fabulous dinner last night. It was so kind and thoughtful of you both to invite us. We always have such great fun in your company and last night was no exception. The chicken was delicious; you must give me the recipe so I can try it out at home. Thanks once again and next time its dinner at ours. Love, Jane and Jack三Writing a Note/Letter of ArrangementsPoints to mention: arrangementsv What we are planning or going to do.v At what place we will do it.v At what time we will do it. Examples: notes (models 1-3); letters (models 4-5)v Models 1-3: husband wife; friend friend; classmate classmatev Model 4: colleague colleague (read & find the difference!)v Letter 5: with details & make arrangement for writer himselfv Letter 6: rough suggestions; make arrangement for her friend.Model 1: from husband to wife.Emmameet you at the corner shop 2.15. Love Tony Model 2: from friend to friend.Dear Janny, “Star Wars” is on at Cinecentre 2 at 7.30. Well meet you there at 7.15 for a drink first. Itll probably go on for 2 hours. Pizza afterwards. Alison Model 3: from classmate to classmate.Oct. 10 Zhang, The lecture has been put off to tomorrow evening at 6.30, the same room. I might be a few minutes late because I have an appointment with my teacher. Please save a seat for me.Chen Ning Model 4: from colleague to colleague.3.15 pmNick, (1) Mr. Park called. Wants a meeting tomorrow at 9. (2) Fox will call tomorrow at about 3 pm. (3) Remember to call R & K.Bessy Model 5: a letter to relatives12 Uverdale Road London SW7 May 14thDear Aunt Mary, I thought Id drop you a line to confirm the arrangements for my trip over to S