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Ireland Chapter7 2020 1 14 WhatdoyouknowaboutIreland Itmaybeatinycountry butitisacountrywithrichculture Ireland IrelandisanislandatthewesternedgeofEurope Irelandhastwoseparatejurisdictions RepublicofIrelandCapital DublinPopulation 4 3millionCurrency EuroNorthernIrelandCapital BelfastPopulation 1 7millionCurrency PoundEnglishandIrishisspokeninbothROIandNI GeographyandClimate Aringofcoastalmountainssurroundslowcentralplains Theislandhasamildoceanicclimate ItrainsalotinIreland makingeverythingverygreen Itisoftencalled TheEmeraldIsle Green CatholicsOrange ProtestantsWhite thehopeforpeacebetweenthetwogroups IrishHistory 9000yearsagoIrelandwascoveredinice AndtheIceAgeended StoneagepeoplearrivedfromEuropeabout8000BC Agriculture farming beganabout4000BC TheCelts TheCelticraceofpeoplearrivedfromEuropetoIrelandbetween800 100BC IrelandbecameaCelticcountry ItwasfromthistribalpeoplethatthemodernIrishlanguagecamefromandIrishidentityisfoundedupon Christianity ChristianitybegantoarriveinIrelandfromabout431ADonwards TheCeltsadoptedthenewreligion St PatrickiscreditedwithbringingthereligiontoIrelandandSt PatricksdayiscelebratedonMarch17theveryyear Vikingraiders VikingsfromtheScandinaviancountries Norway Sweden Denmark beganraidingtownsandmonasteriesontheIrishcoastsinthe9thCentury TheVikingsespeciallyraidedChristianmonasterieswhereprecioustreasuresandgoodscouldbestolen ThemonksbuilttallroundtowerstohideinwhentheVikingsattacked LatertheVikingsbegantosettleinIrelandandbuildporttownssuchasDublin TheNormans Normanscameinthe12thcenturyandbuiltcastlesalloverthecountryandfoundedmanytowns Overmanyyearsthedivisionbetweenthe3 Celts NormansandVikings disappearedandtheybecameasingleIrishrace speakingtheIrishlanguageandlivingtheIrishwayoflife NormancastlescanbefoundacrossIreland ThestartofBritishruleinIreland In1171KingHenry2ofEnglandcametoIrelandtoclaimsovereigntyoverIreland HoweverinrealityEnglishcontrolwasonlymaintainedinDublin Therestofthecountrycontinuedtobeawildplace whichremainedunderthecontroloftheIrishkings OliverCromwell OliverCromwellwontheCivilwarinEngland HewasdeterminedtobringIrelandunderhiscontrol HeconqueredallofIrelandby1652 TheGreatFamine1845 1850 ThestapledietoftheIrishpeopleatthistimewasthepotato ThepotatowasalmostentirelyreleyeduponbyIrishpeople ManypeoplediedoremigratedtoAmerica Sincethe1840semigrationbecameapartofIirshlifeupuntilthelate1990s Emigration Peoplelefttofindabetterlifeandgoodjobsinothercountries ThestrugglewithEnglandandapooreconomywasthecauseofsomanyleaving ThepopulationofIrelandhasalwaysbeensmallasaresultandtodayisonly6million The1916Rising EasterREBELLION The1916RisingwasthestartoftheWarofIndependenceagainstEngland IndependencewasdeclaredbyIrishVolunteersattheGeneralPostOffice GPO In2006theIrishGovernmentcelebrated90yearssincetheRising IndependenceandthedivisionofIreland MichaelCollinshadledthewareffortagainstBritain Anglo IrishTreatywassignedaftertheWarofIndependencein1921 HoweverthepeopleofNorthernIrelanddidnotwanttoseparatefromEnglandandsotheyremainedpartoftheUnitedKingdom UK Top EamonnDeValerawhorejectedtheTreatyandledtheanti treatymovement Bottom MichaelCollinswhodefendedtheTreaty CivilwarinIreland1921 1923 AlmosthalfoftheIrishpeoplerefusedtoaccepttheTreaty MostIrishpeoplevotedinfavouroftheTreaty wishingtoendviolenceandallowNorthernIrelandtoremainpartoftheUK CivilwarstartedbetweenthetwoIrishsidesintheRepublicofIreland Theanti treatymovementwasledbyEamonnDevalera IrishEconomy CelticTiger Ireland seconomyhadmanyproblemsforalongtime Thischangedinthe1990swhentheperiodnamed TheCelticTiger began Emigrationended ManyIrishpeoplereturnedandalsomanyforeignersbegantoworkinIreland especiallyfromEasternEuropeancountriessuchasPoland TheSpireofDublinsymbolisesmodernisationandgrowingprosperityinIreland SportinIreland Irelandhasarichsportingculture IrelandhastwonationalsportsnativetoIreland Hurling Gaelicfootball CrokeParkinDubliniswhereallmajorsportingeventsarecurrentlyplayed Itisthe4thlargeststadiuminEurope Hurling Hurlingisagameplayedbytwoteamsof15playerseach Eachplayerhasawoodenstick Playershitasmallhardleatherballandtrytoscoreintheopponentsgoal Itisthefastestfieldsportintheworldandaveryexcitingsporttowatch GaelicFootball GaelicFootballisdifferentfromnormalfootballbecauseplayerscanusetheirhands Thereare15playersoneachteam Theplayingfieldismuchlargerthanasoccerfield Rugbyandfootball RugbyandfootballarenotIrishsportsbutarebothverypopular Rugbyisaveryphysicalsportplayedwithanovalball ThereisaverystrongrugbytraditioninIreland Football FootballisverypopularinIreland BecausefootballismuchbiggerinEngland mostofIreland sbestplayersplayforEnglishclubssuchasManchesterUnitedorLiverpool TheyreturntoIrelandonlytoplayinternationalmatchesforIreland IrishCuisine Thepotatohasalwaysbeen andstillis themainfoodtogowithmealseachday TheIrishstewisatraditionalIrishmeal Itismadefrommutton potatoes onions carrotandparsley FullIrishBreakfast sausages pudding bacon egg beans toast orangejuice teaorcoffee Guinness健力士黑啤酒 GuinnessisatypeofbeerfromIreland ItisveryfamousandtheGuinnessbreweryinDublinisatouristattraction Culture CustomsandTradition Irelandhasarichculture EveryMarch17ththepeoplecelebrateSt Patrick sday ParadesareheldineveryIrishtown OnSt Patrick sdaypeopleweargreenclothes TheNationalHolidayisMarch17 St Patrick sDay namedafterthePatronSaintofIreland Photofrom http www irishhungermartyrs org StPatrick sDaycelebrations PeopleinIrelandspeakEnglish butafewstillspeakGaelic Youmighthearsomeonesay EringoMostbragh onSt Patrick sDay whichisGaelicfor Irelandforever TheshamrockisanothersymbolofIreland ItisalwayswornonSt Patrick sDay Irishdancing Irishdancingisanoldpopulardance Dancersdonotmovetheirarms butkeepthemattheirsides DancersmovetheirlegsinfastrhythmwithIrishmusic Riverdance Riverdance大河之舞 大河之舞 犹如一部叙述爱尔兰祖先与大自然抗争 以及经历战争 饥荒等种种苦难后流离失所 重建家园的长篇血泪史诗 自1994年首演以来便炙手可热 并且引燃了全球的踢踏舞热潮 更是被全球艺评人一致推崇为当代最具爱尔兰民族风格的经典音乐剧 全剧精心动魄的庞大制作令人叹为观止 IrishMusic MusicanddancewerethemainformsofentertainmentinIrelandinthepast Traditionalmusiciansoftenhave sessions inthecornerofa pub Peoplewouldsingalong danceandenjoyabeerinthepubafterwork These sessions areabigtouristattractionforforeigners Theharp竖琴isasymbolofIreland ItcanbeseenonthepresidentialflagandonthebackoftheIrishEurocoin TheBanjoandtheBodhrandrum Popularmusictoday Irelandhasalotofmodernmusiciansthatareverypopularinternationally Theyincluderockbands popgroupsandsingers Westlife TheCorrs OtherpopularartistsincludeU2 EnyaandSineadO Connor Enya Singer instrumentalistandcomposer sineado connor辛妮欧康纳thesuperstarinthe1990sShehasalwaysdonewhatshewantsto ShedeclinedtoaccepttheawardsofGrammyfourtimes u2 Theyhavebeenpopularfrom1980stonow The
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