英语国家概况Chapter ppt课件.ppt

AGuidetoEnglish SpeakingCountries 英语国家概况 英语国家概况 TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland Chapter6Literature TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland 英语国家概况 CONTENT I TheOldEnglishPeriodandMiddleEnglishPeriod 450 1500 I 1 1GeneralKnowledge Inpractice worksofliteraturefallintofourcategoriesorgenres poetrydramaFiction novelProse essay 1 2TheOldEnglishPeriod OldEnglish theepicBeowulf folklegendofAnglo Saxons传说讲述Beowulf是位非常强而有力的人 当时有一只丑陋而可怕的怪物Grendel在四出破坏及吃人 Beowulf与物恶斗后将它杀死了 Grendel的母亲对此怀恨在心 于是待Beowulf年老后去找他偿命 Grendel的母亲将Beowulf拖进其湖底的巢穴并廝杀 最后被Beowulf用剑把她的头砍下来 他在湖底找刭Grendel的尸体 也把他的头砍了带走 Hrothgar王对他感激不已 送了他许多酬赏 但好景不长 有人从一巨龙之穴偷走了一个金杯 令巨龙极为愤怒 於是它四出捣乱及烧毁村庄 令人民生活大受影响 年老的Beowulf再次堤起他的剑与外甥Wiglaf一起去对付巨龙 其他人太害怕巨龙而没人敢帮助他 大战过后巨龙终被他俩所杀 但Beowulf也因伤重而死 1 2TheOldEnglishPeriod Wiglaf在诗中最后对那些不敢战斗如懦夫般的战士的话 Soitisgoodbyetoallyouknowandloveonyourhomeground theopen handedness thegivingofwarswords Everyoneofyouwithfreeholdsofland ourwholenation willbedispossessed once princesfrombeyondgettidingsofhowyouturnedandfledanddisgracedyourselves Awarriorwillsoonerdiethanlivealifeofshame 1 3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod 1066 1485 MiddleEnglish GeoffreyChaucerTheCanterburyTales作品描写一群香客 pilgrim 聚集在伦敦一家小旅店里 准备去坎特伯雷城朝圣 店主人建议香客们在往返途中各讲两个故事 看谁讲的最好 故事集包括了23个故事 如 骑士讲的爱情悲剧故事 卖赎罪券者讲的劝世寓言故事 教士讲的动物寓言故事 商人讲的家庭纠纷的故事 农民讲的感人的爱情和慷慨义气行为的故事 1 3TheMiddleEnglishPeriod 1066 1485 作品广泛地反映了当时的英国社会生活 揭露了教会的腐败 教士的贪婪和伪善 谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义 肯定了世俗的爱情生活 TheRenaissance 1500 1660 Intellecturalmovement Renaissance文艺复兴admirationoftheGreekandLatinclassicworks sonnet 十四行诗 dramaThedramatypesaretragedy comedy 2 1GeneralKnowledge 2 2WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 2 2WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 Shakespeare sBirthplace TheGlobeTheatre rebuiltnearitsoriginallocationonthesouthbankoftheThamesRiverinLondon 2 2WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 Sonnet 莎士比亚十四行诗集 154首诗 作于1592年至1598年 莎士比亚体 Shakespearean 由三节四行诗和两行对句组成 每行10个音节韵式Rhyme为ABAB CDCD EFEF GG Sonnet141 InfaithIdonotlovetheewithmineeyes Fortheyintheeathousanderrorsnote But tismyheartthatloveswhattheydespise Whoindespiteofviewispleasedtodote Noraremineearswiththytongue stunedelighted Nortenderfeelingtobasetouchesprone Nortaste norsmell desiretobeinvitedToanysensualfeastwiththeealone Butmyfivewits normyfivesensescanDissuadeonefoolishheartfromservingthee Wholeavesunswayedthelikenessofaman Thyproudheart sslaveandvassalwretchtobe OnlymyplaguethusfarIcountmygain Thatshethatmakesmesinawardsmepain Comedy 爱情 友谊 婚姻AMidsummerNight sDream 1595 MerchantofVenice 1598 AsYouLikeIt 1599 TwelfthNight 1601 Drama Drama 37 Comedy histaricalplay tragedy MERCHANTVENICE 2 2WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 Tragedies RomeoandJuliet 1595 Hamlet 1601 Othello 1604 KingLear 1605 Macbeth 1606 Hamlet Othello KingLear Macbeth 2 2WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 Q WhichplayisregardedasamilestoneinShakespeare sdramaticdevelopment A Hamlet 2 2WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 Tobe ornottobe fromHamlet3 1 Tobe ornottobe thatisthequestion Whether tisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles Andbyopposingendthem 2 2WilliamShakespeare 1564 1616 Q WhatmakesShakespearesofamous A Hisgreatunderstandingofhumannatureandhisabilitytofinduniversalhumanqualitiesandtoputthemindramaticsituations 人与宇宙 人性 灵与肉 人生终极目标等根本性的问题 属于超道德的范畴 TheNeo classicalPeriod 1660 1785 III The17thcentury theBourgeoisRevolutionJohnMilton ParadiseLost 失乐园 揭示了人的原罪与堕落 诗中叛逆之神撒旦 因为反抗上帝的权威被打入地狱 却毫不屈服 为复仇寻至伊甸园 亚当与夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引诱 偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的分辨善恶的树上的果子 最终 撒旦及其同伙遭谴全变成了蛇 亚当与夏娃被逐出了伊甸园 该诗体现了诗人追求自由的崇高精神 3 1HistoricalBackground 3 1HistoricalBackground The18thcentury PeacefuldevelopmentTheIndustrialRevolutionClassicism AlexanderPopeSatire 讽刺文学 cametofullgrowth AlexanderPopeJonathanSwiftDanielDefoe 3 2Representatives 3 2 2AlexanderPope AlexanderPope 1688 1744 AnEssayonCriticism 1711 Alittlelearningisadangerousthing Toerrishuman 3 2 3JonathanSwift JonathanSwift 1667 1745 Gulliver sTravels 1726 格列佛游记Novel 游记体讽刺小说 3 2 4DanielDefoe DanielDefoe 1660 1731 RobinsonCrusoe 1719 鲁滨孙漂流记Novel 冒险自传体小说 TheRomanticPeriod 1785 1830 4 1PioneersofRomanticPoets Pioneers LakepoetsWilliamWordsworth 1770 1850 PassiveRomanticismIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho ervalesandhills WhenallatonceIsawacrowd Ahost ofgoldendaffodils 我孤独地漫游 像一朵云在山丘和谷地上飘荡 忽然间我看见一群金色的水仙花迎春开放 4 2TheMajor SecondGeneration ofRomanticPoets ActiveRomanticism Themajor secondgeneration ofRomanticpoetsLordByron PercyByssheShelley JohnKeats 4 2TheMajor SecondGeneration ofRomanticPoets PercyByssheShelley 1792 1822 poems OdetotheWestWind 1819 BethroughmylipstounawakenedearthThetrumpetofaprophecy OWind IfWintercomes canSpringbefarbehind TheVictorianPeriod 1832 1901 V 5 1CriticalRealism A Thecriticalrealistsdescribedthechieftraitsofthesocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint Q What sthecharacteristicoftheCriticalRealismnovels Itsrepresemtative CharlesDickensLeadingformofliterature novel 5 2Representatives 5 2 1CharlesDickens CharlesDickens 1812 1870 Empathyforthecommonpeople 5 2 1CharlesDickens ThePickwickPapers 1836 1837 匹克威克外传 broughthimimmediatefameGreatExpectations 1860 1861 远大前程 OliverTwist 1837 雾都孤儿 ATaleofTwoCities 1859 双城记 DavidCopperfield 1849 1850 大卫 科波菲尔 Autobiography 5 2 1CharlesDickens 5 2 2JaneAusten JaneAusten 1775 1817 6novelsSenseandSensibility 1811 理性与感性 PrideandPrejudice 1813 傲慢与偏见 MansfieldPark 1814 曼斯菲尔德庄园 Emma 1816 爱玛 Prideandprejudice 班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理 表现出乡镇中产阶级家庭出身的少女对婚姻爱情问题的不同态度 从而反映了作者本人的婚姻观 傲慢与偏见 5 2 3BronteSisters Brontesisters Charlotte 1816 1855 JaneEyre 1847 Emily 1818 1848 WutheringHeights