藏獒介绍(中英文版噢).doc

藏獒介绍(中英文版噢)藏獒的整体外观 尊贵威猛。藏獒体型巨大，身体长度稍长于高度，强壮有力，骨骼肌肉发育良好，威严肃穆，表情冷静，头面宽阔，头骨宽大，眼炯炯有神，呈杏仁状，稍斜。肌肉宽大且伸展，形成一种立体感。它的尾巴很有特色，尾位与背部齐平并自然卷起附于背部，而下垂时会覆盖生殖器；与头部保持平衡。被毛和鬃毛很厚，尤其是颈部的鬃毛像一条厚围巾缠在颈部。藏獒的典型特色是警觉性高，主要用于家庭和财产的守卫，对陌生人有强烈的敌意和杀伤力，绝对忠诚地保护它的主人和财产。藏獒的大小、比例、特质 大小：公犬肩高最低26英寸，母犬肩高最低24英寸。公犬和母犬再矮也不得低于各自的最低高度1英寸。比例：身长稍长于高度，（长：高=10：9）如高比长，从胸骨到坐骨，应稍大于肩胛到地面的距离。特质：藏獒有给人深刻印象的特质。骨骼和身体都很健壮。比其他同等大小和比例的犬都要优秀，不仅仅在高度上，就连其他特质上，藏獒都是最优秀的犬。藏獒的头部 头面宽阔，头骨宽大，成狗有皱褶，从眼睛上端一直延伸到嘴角，对本犬种来说正确的头部特征和脸像对它的繁殖是非常重要的。表情：尊贵、机智、警觉、孤傲。眼睛：中等大小，眼睛深邃，自然分开呈杏仁状，稍斜，黑中闪着亮光，非常有神。耳朵：中等大小，V字型，自然下垂，紧贴面部靠前，警觉时自然提起，耳部覆盖着短且柔软的绒毛。面部：头面宽阔，头骨宽大，鼻梁坚挺。额段：深且明显。脸部肌肉：宽且大，从各种角度来看都非常的充实和立体。比例：从枕骨到头断和头断到鼻尖的比例基本相等。鼻子：宽且大，鼻内侧外翻。嘴唇：突出，厚实，上唇两侧适度下垂。咬合：呈剪刀式咬合，水平咬合也可以接受。牙齿的紧密是必须的。如此才能保持肌肉的平整。牙齿：长，健壮，后天遭破损的牙齿，不视为缺点。缺陷：缺齿，上颚或下颚突出的，或下前牙突出的。藏獒的颈、背、躯干 颈：颈部肌肉丰满，呈拱形。头部下方有垂皮。特别是公犬，头部围绕着厚厚的直立的鬃毛。背：背线直，脊背到尾骨是水平的。躯干：粗壮，背部挺直宽阔，肌肉发达，柔韧性好，整体有稍微下蹲的感觉。胸深，并低于上肘部，躯干长度略大于高度。尾巴：中等长度，长度不能超过踝关节，和背部呈一条直线，自然卷起。当警觉时，尾巴翘起，或朝向任何一边。尾巴双卷，或完全卷起而不能自然放松的是尾缺陷。藏獒的前驱 肩：双肩平顺，骨干的肌肉发达。前腿：直立，骨骼肌肉粗大，覆有短的粗毛。直立时会有轻微的倾斜。前足：猫足，相当大，健壮结实，趾与趾之间有毛。指甲可能是黑色或白色。单个的悬趾可能出现在前足。藏獒的后躯 后躯：强壮有力，肌肉发达，所有部分都有棱角。从后面看，后腿和膝盖是平行的。跗关节强壮，自然下垂（大约是腿长的1/3）与足垂直。足：一个或是两个的悬趾（狼爪）可能会出现在后足上，可选择于出生后切除。藏獒的被毛 总的来说，公犬的皮毛看起来比母犬厚。被毛的质量比数量更重要，双层的被毛相当浓密，丰厚的颈部鬃毛及原来柔软的内层绒毛将会在夏天变得稀疏。毛发浓密坚韧直立，丰厚的下层皮毛显得特别的粗犷。颈部和肩部有更长更粗的毛，特别是显示在公犬身上。藏獒的外貌是自然的，无谓的修饰是不被接受的。当然，悬趾的切除，又另当别论。藏獒的颜色 栗色、褐色、蓝/灰色，所有的颜色都可能有或没有棕色或金黄色的饰斑，而饰斑的颜色深浅不一。足部有白毛出现是可以接受的。饰斑可能在下列部位出现：眼睛上方的圆点，或可能围绕在眼周围，脸的内侧，咽喉，前腿下部分和前腿内侧的延伸部分，后腿的内侧，后腿膝关节的前方和腿前宽阔的地方，后跗关节到脚趾，臀部和尾巴的下端。臀部和尾巴下端的毛可能比其他部位的颜色稍浅。内层绒毛在黑色或棕色的公犬身上可能是棕色或灰色，如果黑色、褐色、白色出现在身体的其他部位，或是身上出现大块的白斑，视为缺点。另外，除上述颜色以外的其他颜色，也可以接受，但也视为缺点。藏獒的步态 藏獒的步伐是轻盈而有弹性的，自然而有力。从侧面看启动和停止都出现最有力，最伸展的动态，而运动时发出的声音和有力感比速度更加重要。藏獒的习性 藏獒非常机敏，独立，自主意识和领域意识强。远离陌生人，对自己的领域和财产高度的保护。在展示会上会显得保留或比较温柔，但是作为一种护卫犬种，任何胆怯的表现都不被接受，而且是一种严重的缺陷。当然，任何的事物实地去观察要比阅读资料更为重要，更为清楚。2004年11月8日批准2005年1月生效General AppearanceNoble and impressive: a large, powerful, heavy, well built dog, well muscled, with much substance and bone, and of solemn but kindly appearance. The Tibetan Mastiff stands well up on the pasterns, with strong, tight, cat feet, giving an alert appearance. The body is slightly longer than tall. The head is broad and impressive, with massive back skull, the eyes deep-set and almond shaped, slightly slanted, the muzzle broad and well-padded, giving a square appearance. The typical expression of the breed is one of watchfulness. The tail is well feathered and carried over the back in a single curl falling over the loin, balancing the head. The coat and heavy mane is thick, with coarse guard hair and a wooly undercoat. The tail and britches are well feathered.The Tibetan Mastiff has been used primarily as a family and property guardian for many millennia, and is aloof and watchful of strangers, and highly protective of its people and property.Size, Proportion, SubstanceSize: Dogs - minimum of 26 inches at the withers. Bitches - minimum of 24 inches at the withers. Dogs and bitches that are more than one inch below the minimum heights to be severely faulted. Proportion: Slightly longer than tall (9-10), (i.e.,the height to length, measured from sternum to ischium should be slightly greater than the distance from withers to ground). Substance: The Tibetan Mastiff should have impressive substance, both in bone and structure, as well as strength. When dogs are judged equal in type, proportion and movement, the more substantial dog, in terms of substance and bone, not merely height, is to be given preference.HeadBroad, heavy and strong. Some wrinkling in maturity, extending from above eyes down to corner of mouth. A correct head and expression is essential to the breed. Expression: Noble, intelligent, watchful and aloof. Eyes: Very expressive, medium size, any shade of brown. Rims to be black except in blue/grey, blue/grey and tan dogs and brown dogs, the darkest possible shade of grey or brown. Eyes deep-set, well apart, almondshaped, and slightly slanting. Any other color or shape to be severely faulted since it detracts from the typical expression. Ears: Medium size, V-shaped, pendant, set-on high , dropping forward and hanging close to head. Raised when alert, on level with the top of the skull. The ear leather is thick, covered with soft short hair, and when measured, should reach the inner corner of the eye. Skull: Broad and large, with strongly defined occiput. Broad back skull. Stop: Deep and well defined. Muzzle: Broad, well filled and square when viewed from all sides. Proportions: Measurement from occiput to stop and stop to end of nose, equal or slightly shorter. Nose: Broad, well pigmented, with open nostrils. Black, except with blue/grey or blue/grey and tan dogs, the darkest shade of grey and brown dogs, the darkest shade of brown. Any other color to be severely faulted. Lips: Well developed, thick, with moderate flews and slightly pendulous lower lips. Bite: Complete scissor bite. Level bite acceptable. Essential that dentition fits tightly, to maintain square form of muzzle. Teeth: Canine teeth large, strong, broken teeth not to be faulted. Faults: Missing teeth, overshot, undershot bite.Neck, Topline and BodyNeck: The neck is well muscled, moderately arched, and may have moderate dewlap. The neck, especially in dogs, is shrouded by a thick upstanding mane. Topline: Topline straight and level between withers and croup. Body: The chest is rather deep, of moderate breadth, with reasonable spring of rib. Brisket reaching to just below elbows. Underline with pronounced (but not exaggerated) tuck-up. The back is muscular with firmly muscled loin. There is no slope or angle to the croup. Tail: Medium to long, but not reaching below hock joint; well feathered. Set high on line with top of back. When alert or in motion, curled over back or to one side. Tails that are double curled or carried in an incomplete curl to be faulted.ForequartersShoulders: Well laid back, muscular, strongly boned, with moderate angulation to match the rear angulation. Legs: Straight, with substantial bone and muscle, well covered with short, coarse hair, feathering, and with strong pasterns that have a slight slope. Feet: Cat feet. Fairly large, strong, compact, may have feathering between toes. Nails may be either black and/or white, regardless of coat color. A single dewclaw may be present on the front feet.HindquartersHindquarters: Powerful, muscular, with all parts being moderately angulated. Seen from behind, the hind legs and stifle are parallel. The hocks are strong, well let down (approximately one-third the overall length of the leg), and perpendicular. Feet: A single or double dewclaw may be present on the rear feet. Removal of rear dewclaws, if present, optional.CoatIn general, dogs carry noticeably more coat than bitches. The quality of the coat is of greater importance than quantity. Double-coated, with fairly long, thick coarse guard hair, with heavy soft undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. Hair is fine but hard, straight and stand-off; never silky, curly or wavy. Heavy undercoat, when present, rather woolly. Neck and shoulders heavily coated, especially in dogs, giving mane-like appearance. Tail and britches densely coated and heavily feathered. The Tibetan Mastiff is shown naturally. Trimming is not acceptable except to provide a clean cut appearance of feet. Dogs are not to be penalized if shown with a summer coat.ColorBlack, brown, and blue/grey, all with or without tan markings, and various shades of gold. Tan ranges from a very rich shade through a lighter color. White markings on breast and feet acceptable. Tan markings may appear at any or all of the following areas: above eyes as spots, around eyes (including spectacle markings), on each side of the muzzle, on throat, on lower part of front forelegs and extending up the inside of the forelegs, on inside of rear legs showing down the front of the stifle and broadening out to the front of the rear legs from hock to toes, on breeches, and underside of tail. Undercoat, as well as furnishings on breeches and underside of tail, may be lighter shades of the dominant color. The undercoat on black and tan dogs also may be grey or tan. Other markings such as sabling, brindling, white on other