英语写作连接词.doc

Transitions and Connective Phrases（过渡词及连接短语）Conjunctions（连接词）andbutorfornorneithersoyet To introduce a topic（引出主题）as forconcerningwith regard towith respect to To Summarize（总结）in allin a wordin briefbrieflyin other wordsin shortin summarythat isTo Show Purpose（显示目的）in order thatin order toso thatTo Show Cause and Effect（表达因果关系）accordinglyas a consequenceas a resultconsequentlyfor this reasonhenceit follows thatso/so thatthenthereforethusTo Compare（比较）by comparisonhere againin the same wayin a similar mannerlikewisesimilarlyso tooasalsoequallyTo Contrast（对比）converselyhoweverinsteadin spite of thatanyhowon the contraryon the other handotherwiserather thanstillyetTo Explain, Give Reasons（作解释）actuallyadmittedlybecausecertainlyfor examplein factindeedreallyof coursesincethat isTo Add Information and Reasons（补充）add to thisagainalsobesidesequallyfurtherfurthermorein additionmoreoveronce morethen tootooyet againyet another To Show Various Conditions（表达不同的条件）in this eventin these circumstancesunder such circumstancesthis (that) being soprovided thatin spite ofnone/neverthelessat the same timeeven ififunlessotherwisealthougheven thoughthoughdespiteTo Show Conviction（表达肯定性）after allat leastat the same timeapparentlyeven soevidentlycertainlyconceivablyconclusivelydoubtlessno doubtperhapspossiblypresumablyprobablysurelyundoubtedlyTo Show Concession（表达让步）admittedlyafter allall the sameat any rategrantedhoweverin any casein spite ofit is true thatneverthelessobviouslyof coursestillto be sureTo Show Chronological Order（时间法）after thatafterwardslatershortlysubsequentlyconcurrentlyin the meantimein the meanwhilenowsimultaneouslywhen/while/wasfirst, second, etc.formerlyearlierpreviouslybefore thatthenalreadyat lastat lengthby that timefinallyTo List or Show Logical Order（举例或表示逻辑次序）for examplefor instancein particularto illustratethe one . the otherthis . thatthese . thosehere . thereeither . orneither . norwhether . orthough . yetwherever . theresince . thenthe more . the morenot only . but also4）过渡句/段的运用：有时，段落与段落之间还可通过整个句子甚至段落来衔接，达到承上启下的目的。语气转承词语气转承词是连系意念的字，有助于增加文章的连贯性。转承词以两种重要的方式来增加连贯性；首先，转承词有助于该段文字自身间的连贯性，这时转承词安置于句间，以使前一句与次一句的语意流畅。其次，转承词有助于段落间的连系，置于段首的转承词，将前段所讨论的意念顺畅地过场到次一段，做进一步的申论。以下，就转承词的功能区分为十二种。学习者应记住不同转承词的功能，并就各大项中重要者熟背几个，将来段落写作时就可派上用场，以增加文章之流畅，以下是十二种转承词，分别用来表示：一、解释( to explain )1. now现在；那么（表示转变话题、要求、安慰、警告、解释、惊异等，通常置于句首并加逗点） 2. in addition而且；此外 3. in this case在这种情况下 4. in fact其实；实际上 5. for this reason因为这个缘故例句：1.Now, follow the directions carefully.2.In addition, there are two museums in the city.3.The problem, in this case, is hard to solve.二、强调( to emphasize )1. certainly确实地 2. indeed确实地 3. surely确实地 4. above all尤其；最重要者 5. most important ( of all )最重要的是例句：1.Certainly the vacation was fun.2.Indeed, no man is an island.谚语：人不能离群索居。3.Above all, avoid swimming alone in strange waters.(陌生的水域)三、举例( to illustrate )1. for example例如 2. for instance例如 3. thus就这样 4. next其次；然后 5. namely那就是 6. that is那就是 7. in other words换言之 8. that is to say换言之；那就是说 9. in particular尤其；特别 10. particularly尤其 11. especially特别地；主要地例句：1.A good speech, for example, should be as short as a skirt.2.For instance, light travels faster than sound.3.Next, think of the courses you want to take.四、增加或附属( to add )1. in addition而且；此外 2. furthermore而且；更有甚者 3. also也；而且 4. moreover而且；更有甚者 5. again而且 6. and而且 7. besides而且 8. in addition to除之外 9. whats more而且例句：1.In addition, the tour stops in Tokyo.2.furthermore, he is too old to do that.3.Also, she asked for some money.五、比较( to compare )尤其是相同性质的比较1. like像 2. likewise同样地 3. in the same way同样地 4. similarly同样地 5. too也 6.equally important同样重要地例句：1.Like Peter, Tom is a good swimmer.2.In the same way, we look for a good doctor.3.The car uses less fuel. Equally important, the car drives ninety miles per hour.六、对比关系或相反的意思( to contrast )1. unlike不像 2. in contrast相反地 3. on the other hand另一方面 4. for another thing另一方面 5. on the contrary相反地 6. instead代替；更换；反而 7. but然而；但是 8. instead of代替；不而 9. nevertheless然而 10. however然而 11. still然而 12. yet然而 13. after all毕竟 14. in spite of虽然 15. despite虽然例句：1.Unlike Tom, John is brave.2.In contrast, they took to the streets.相反地，他们走上街头。3.Instead, the new law caused many problems.七、让步( to concede )1. although虽然 2. nevertheless然而 3. of course当然 4. clearly确实地 5. naturally自然地 6. perhaps或许例句：1.Although she ran after the train, it left without her.2.He planned, nevertheless, to ask for our help.3.Clearly, a garden needs a lot of care.八、结果( to state a consequence )1. therefore 2. consequently 3. as a result 4. thus 5. accordingly 6. hence以上皆表因此，所以，结果 7. so所以；因此例句：1.They hoped, therefore, to be respected.2.Consequently, we opened an account at the bank.3.Accordingly, she gave up her original plan.九、综合；总结( to sum up )1. to sum up 2. to summarize 3. to conclude 4. in sum ( in summary )5. in conclusion以上皆表总之 6. in brief 7. in short 8. in a word 9. to be short 10. in a nutshell以上皆表简言之 11. by and large一般来说 12. finally最后 13. in general一般而言 14. on the whole整个来说 15. generally speaking大体而言；一般而论例句：1.To conclude, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday.2.In summary, recreation is a big business.3.I will tell it in a nutshell.十、时间关系( to state sequence of time )1. after a long time ( after a short time )过了很久，过了不久 2. after a long absence过了很久 3. presently目前 4. meanwhile同时 5. after a while一阵子之后 6. once曾经；一度 7. since then自从那时起 8. at the same time同时 9. temporarily暂时地 10. later稍晚 11. afterward后来 12. thereafter其后 13. lately最近；近来 14. sooner or later早晚例句：1.They met after a long absence.2.Meanwhile, they were at war with their enemy.3.Thereafter, they never met again.十一、顺序、列举或思想的延续( to state order )1. first首先 2. in this manner ( in this way )就这样 3. first of all首先 4. in the same way同样地 5. second其次 6. third第三 7. in the first place首先 8. then然后 9. next下一个 10. again再次 11. finally最后；终于 12. eventually终于 13. by the way顺便一提 14. incidentally附带地；顺便一提例句：1.First of all, jogging makes the heart stronger.2.Eventually, they came to an agreement.3.Incidentally, medical supplies will be sent here next Monday.十二、方向( to state directions )1. below在下面 2. next to在的旁边 3. beyond超越；越过 4. on the ( my, your, etc. ) right在右边 5. further更远处 6. on the left在左边 7. here这里 8. nearby在附近 9. opposite to在对面例句：1.Next to the national cemetery, there was an old church.2.On my right lies the beautiful river.3.Opposite to their building, there was an elm tree.起、承、转、合用语精选英文作文之起、承、转、合用语是帮助同学使文章之前后语气连贯、表意流畅，从而使全文看起来肌理分明、组织结构严谨，以便在作文写作上拿到更好的分数。但以下所列者，同学要想在短时间内速成，不妨在起、承、转、合用语中各选六、七个用法不同者熟背之，并试着在自己平常的作文中运用出来，使熟能生巧，才能令你的作文如虎添翼。当然，同学不应该忘记，这些用词只是套语，真正重要的还是文章内容，所以平常多读、多写，丰富自己的意念与想象力，才是作文拿高分的最佳途径。（起）1.As a rule, S + V.一般而言，2.As far as I know, S + V.据我所知，3.As the saying goes, S + V.常言道，4.Everybody knows that + S + V.众所周知，5.Frankly speaking, S + V.坦白地说，6.Generally speaking, S + V.一般而言，7.Im of the opinion that + S + V.依我之见，8.I am greatly convinced that + S + V.我深信，9.In dealing with., one cannot but admit that S + V.在讨论，一个人不得不承认10.In general, S + V.一般而言，11.In my opinion, S + V.依我之见，12.It can be easily proved that S + V.是容易证明的13.It goes without saying that S + V.不消说，14.It is out of the question to V是不可能的15.Its quite obvious that S + V.不消说，16.It is said ( reported据报导, known一般皆知, estimated据估计, believed一般相信, expected一般预料 ) that.据说17.It is important ( necessary必要的, urgent紧急的, proper适当的 ) that S (should) + V（是）重要的18.Its true that + S + V.事实是19.Lucky to say, S + V.说来幸运，20.Needless to say, S + V.不消说，21.No one can deny that + S + V.没有人可以否认22.Nothing in the world can delight me so much as .世界上没有什么比更令我高兴23.Of all the people I know, perhaps none deserves my respect more than.在我所认识的人当中，也许没有一个人比更值得我尊敬24.On the average, S + V.一般而言，25.Regretful to say, S + V.说来遗憾，26.Sad to say, S + V.说来可悲，27.Strange to say, S + V.说来奇怪，28.Strictly speaking, S + V.严格地说，29.There is no doubt that S + V.毫无疑问，30.There is no V-ing.是不可能的31.To tell the truth, S + V.老实说，32.To the best of my knowledge, S + V.据我所知，（承）1.According to + N , S + V.根据，2.As a matter of fact, S + V.实际上，3.As far as Im concerned, S + V.就我而论，4.As good ( ill ) luck would have it, S + V.幸运地（不幸地）5.As is often the case with + O, S + V.对是常有的事6.Besides, we should not neglect that S + V.此外，我们不应忽略7.But the problem is not so simple. Therefore, .但是问题不是如此单纯。所以8.But it is a pity that S + V.但是遗憾的是9.Compared with + N, S + V.较之，10.Even if ( Though ) + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.即使，11.First of all, S + V.首先，12.For all + N, S + V.虽然，13.For example, S + V.例如，14.For instance, S + V.例如，15.For one thing, S + V.一则，16.For the other, S + V.另一方面，17.For this reason, S + V.因为这个缘故，18.I take it for granted that S + V.我认为是理所当然的19.If we take . into account ( consideration ), we + V.如果我们考虑到，我们20.In accordance with + N, S + V.根据，21.In addition, we should + V.此外，我们必须22.In all likelihood, S + V.十之八九，23.In comparison with + N, S + V.和比较，24.In fact ( reality, truth ), S + V.事实上，25.In nine cases out of ten, S + V.十之八九，26.In other words, S + V.换句话说，27.In relation ( respect, regard, reference ) to + N, S + V.关于，28.In spite of + N, S + V.虽然，29.In the beginning, S + V.首先，30.In the first place, S + V.首先， 31.It is not too much to say that S + V.说起来并不过份32.No matter wh- + S1 + V1, S2 + V2.无论，33.To begin with, S + V.首先，34.To change another words, S + V.换句话说，35.To cite an old saying, S + V.套句古人说的话，36.To ones astonishment, S + V.令某人吃惊地，37.To ones delight, S + V.令某人高兴地， 38.To ones disappointment, S + V.令某人失望地 ，39.To ones excitement, S + V.令某人兴奋地， 40.To ones joy, S + V.令某人高兴地， 41.To ones regret, S + V.令某人后悔地， 42.To ones surprise, S + V.令某人吃惊地， 43.To start with, S + V.首先， 44.To take.for example, S + V.举为例，45.We have enough reasons to V我们有足够的理由 46.What I must emphasize is .我必须强调的是47.Whats more, S + V.此外 ，48.What seems to be the problem is that S + V.问题似乎是（转）1.By contrast, if., it will certainly be the fact that S + V.相反地，假如，那一定2.But for + N, S + V（假设法过去式或过去完成式）.若非，3.From now on, S + V.从现在起4.Hardly had + S1 + V1(p.p.) when ( before ) + S2 + V2.一就5.Have you ever + V (p.p.).?你曾经吗？6.If by any chance S1 + V1, S2 + V2.万一，7.If only + S + V.!但愿！8.In other words, S + V.换句话说，9.In the meantime, S + V.同时，10.In the similar way, S + V.同样地，11.In this manner, S + V.如此一来，12.In this light if., there can surely be no doubt that S + V.有鉴于于此，假如，确实无疑地13.Indeen, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2.没错，但是14.Its 强调的人、事、物、地、时 + that S + V.正是15.Its high ( about ) time for + O + to V.该是的时候了16.Its high ( about ) time that + S + should V.该是的时候了17.It stands to reason that S + V.是理所当然的18.No doubt, S1 + V1, but S2 + V2.没错，但是19.Now that S1 + V1, S2 + V2.既然，20.On the contrary, S + V.相反地，21.On the one hand, S + V.一方面，22.On the other hand, S + V.另一方面，23.On ( Upon ) V-ing, S + V.一就24.Owing to + N, S + V.由于，25.The chief reason why + S + V + is.主要的原因是26.To do one justice, S + V.公平而论，27.To make matters worse, S + V.更糟的是，28.To put it differently, S + V.换句话说， 29.To tell the truth, S + V.老实说， 30.Undoubtedly ( Absolutely ) S + V.毫无疑问地，31.We must recognize that S + V.我们必须承认 32.We cannot be too +我们愈愈好 33.We cannot + V + too +我们愈愈好34.We cannot over-V我们愈愈好35.Wh