2011年5月三笔实务题.docx

2011年5月三笔实务题2010年9月7日国家副主席习近平在联合国贸发会的发言 坚持对外开放基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，是改革开放30多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。招商引资、择优选资，促进“引资”与“引智”相结合，是中国对外开放的重要内容。截至2010年7月，中国累计设立外商投资企业69.8万家，实际使用外资1.05万亿美元。目前中国22%的税收、28%的工业增加值、55%的进出口、50%的技术引进、约4500万人的就业，都来自外商投资企业的贡献。对外开放、吸引外资是互利共赢的。对中国来说，通过持续吸引外资为国家现代化建设提供了必要的资金、先进的技术和宝贵的管理经验以及众多国际化人才。对外商投资企业来说，则赢得了可观的投资回报，不少在华外商投资企业成为其母公司全球业务的增长亮点和利润中心。联合国贸发会议最新调查显示，目前中国依然是全球最具吸引力的投资东道国。近年来，中国全面把握对外开放阶段性特点，按照完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系的要求，总结实践中的成功经验，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好地结合起来，创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营。截至2009年底，中国共在境外设立企业1.3万家，境外企业资产总额超过1万亿美元，对外投资存量已达2457亿美元，投资区域遍布全球177个国家和地区。目前，中国正在加快推进各种形式的对外投资合作，培育发展中国的跨国公司，支持有实力的企业建立国际营销网络，加强境外基础设施建设合作，规范发展对外劳务合作，积极推动境外经贸合作区建设，缓解我国生产能力过剩、内需不足的矛盾，推动国内产业转型，带动相关产品和服务出口。英国著名古迹“巨石阵”维修工程因财政预算推迟 TONEHENGE, England The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity.Renovations including a plan to replace the sites run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn 10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget squeeze.Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the governments spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially because Stonehenge, a UnescoWorld Heritage site, was part of Londons successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games.The shabby visitors center there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the lawmakers say.“Its a disgrace,” said Ian West, a Wiltshire councilor. “The visitor facilities are definitely not fit for purpose.”（这一段没有）Alan Brown, who was visiting from Australia this week, agreed. “They should really treat this site as the best prehistoric site,” Mr. Brown said. “There is so much more they could do to improve it.”（这一段没有）Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britains southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago.For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed parking lot, via a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, to a ticket office opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.The overhaul was scheduled for next spring. Plans by the architectural firm Denton Corker Marshall would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a new visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about two and a half kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones.The center would include a shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more information about Stonehenges history.A transit system would shuttle visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would encourage tourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.Last year, the 27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start next year and be completed in time for the Olympics but the economic downturn has changed those plans.The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his predecessors promises as part of a program to cut more than 99 billion annually over the next five years to help close a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about 6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the British Film Institute.“We are frustrated and disappointed,” Peter Carson, head of Stonehenge, said, standing in a windowless office at the site surrounded by boxes filled with toys and other souvenirs from the gift shop. It is now unclear whether someone else may step in to pay for the new visitors center.（这一段没有）English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively looking for private donations. But the economic downturn has made the endeavor more difficult.Gary Norman, a tourist from Phoenix, said it was obvious that the visitors center was too small, but he acknowledged that “right now, with a global recession, 10 million is a lot of money.”（这一段没有）Hunched over architectural renderings of the new center, Loraine Knowles, Stonehenges project director, said she was disappointed that the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in London, like the Tate and the British Museum.（这一段跟下一段合起来，有些变化）But Ms. Knowles said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining example of how philanthropy could work.”英译汉：Business of Green: An appeal to slow down on biofuel（2008年4月15日纽约时报）原文链接：/2008/04/15/business/worldbusiness/15iht-greencol16.1.11996603.htmlLast Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European Union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.The European Unions biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europes well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects - from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grains.In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made up of some of Europes most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10 percent target overambitious and an experiment whose unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control.The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem, Laszlo Somlyody, the panels chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions in isolation, without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.The starting point was correct: Im happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions, Somlyody said. But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we dont understand those very well yet.The panels advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels - encouraged by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and peat swamp are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save. Equally concerning, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations, said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization.Biofuels are not, of course, the only reason for high food prices. Fuel to transport food is more expensive with oil more than $100 a barrel. There have been unexpected droughts this year as well.But the rush to meet biofuels targets has put our need to drive a car to the mall in direct competition with the need to eat in some of the poorest countries in the world.A global analysis performed by forestry experts at the Australian International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, a scientific study group, found that biofuels were in conflict with the reduction of deforestation and also had negative effects on farming intensity and food security.It also concluded that the rush to make biofuels from crops like corn, soy and rapeseed did not do much to reduce global greenhouse gasses anyway, producing an ambiguous effect on greenhouse gas emissions. This is partly because of land use changes like the clearing of forests and partly because the process of converting plants into fuel takes a lot of energy itself.The European Union started promoting biofuels for use in transportation in 2003 as emissions from road transportation had been growing rapidly.It required that 2 percent of transport fuel come from biofuel by 2005 and 5.75 percent by 2010. The first goal was not met a