中石油职称英语考试复习资料.pdf

Lesson1 语法为主 1 Let s face it English is a crazy language There is no eggin eggplant 茄子 nor ham in hamburger neither 两者都不 apple norpine 松 树 in pineapple Englishmuffins 松饼 weren t invented invent 发 明 in England nor French fries in France 2 We take English for granted 5 Sometimes I think all the English speakers should becommitted commit 托付 犯错 to anasylum 精神病院 for theverbally 口头地 文字地 insane 疯狂的 精神失常的 1can a slim 苗条的 渺茫的 chance and a fat 肥胖的 大量的 chance be the same while a wise man and wise guy 自作聪明的人 are opposites 相反的 对立的 and quite a lot and quite a few 相当多 are alike 同样的 相像的 2have to marvel 惊奇 at the unique 独一无二的 唯一的 lunacy 愚 蠢 荒谬 of a language 3is why when the stars are out they are visible 看得见的 but when the lights are out they are invisible 看不见 And why when I wind up 上紧发条 my watch I start it but when I wind up thisessay 文章 I end it Lesson2 语法为主 1Wisdom 智慧 was not at the top ofthe graduate 研究生的 毕业生 mountain but there in the sandpile at nurseryschool 幼儿园 2tilings 瓷砖 back where you found them 3Goldfish and hamsters 仓鼠 and white mice mouse 老鼠 and even the little seed in the plastic cup they all die 死亡 So do we 6 Thinkof 考虑 思考 what a better world it would be if we all the whole world had cookies and milk about 3 o clock every afternoon Lesson3 重点课文 阅读 翻译 1office is the mutual 共同的 相互的 product 产物 产品 of economic 经济的 scientific 科学的 and social 社会的 progress 发展 进步 Mobile office has become asolution 解决方法 that provides 提供 users withconvenient 方便的 prompt 及时的 迅速 的 safe reliable 可靠的 andreasonably 合理地 明智地 priced 附 有定价的 communications 通讯 通信 Using mobile officeand WAP 无 线接入协议 technology 技术 people can do their work anywhere anytime 2010年考题 cansend and receive data 数据 viaterminals 终端 末端 such as mobilephone palm 手掌 computer and PDA 个人数字助理 and can surf 冲浪 the Internet Integrating 使结合 Internet and mobile communications 通讯 通信 network 网络 and providingpowerful 强 大的 applications 应用 support capacity 能力 for wireless 无线 的 interconnection 互相联络 2you leave your office to attend 参加 meetings or travel onbusiness 因公 When yourclients 客户 need you to make someurgent 紧急 的 急迫的 modifications 修改 on your work and you are neither in the office norcarrying relevant 相关的 documents 文件 what can you do 4 Mobile office has provided people with convenient casual 随意 的 随便的 workingenvironment 环境 we believe that withtechnical 技术的 progress people can certainly overcome 克服 战胜 all kinds of difficulties Lesson4 语法为主 1 No matter where you re going or how long you re staying keep reading These tips 建议 小费 will help you make the most of anyurban 城市的 adventure 冒险活动 12 If you re not afraid to get lost you ll see more and you ll have a better time Lesson5 语法为主 1 Many of us dream of having thousands and thousands of dollars tospend 花费 on anything wedesire 渴望 1While 虽然 having some money does have an impact 影响 on ourlevel 水平 等级 of happiness 2after US 50 000 happiness does not increase 增加 assalaries 薪 水 go up 4 The more you make the more you want The more you have the less it brings youjoy 欢乐 乐趣 6 If you re looking for happiness in life find the right husband or wife rather than 而不 trying to double 加倍 your salary Lesson6 语法为主 1 An old song says that love makes the world go around 补充 下列词在主动语态中不带 to 被动语态要加 to 吾看 look at see observe notice watch 三室 使 make let have 两厅 听 listen to hear 一感觉 feel The whole country breaks out 爆发 with little red hearts 3 When two couple 一对 go out together it s called doubledating A friend might even arrange 安排 ablind 盲人的 date for you with someone you don t know 4 After a while 不久 a boy and a girl may decide they want to go steady 稳定的 5 Romantic love is very mucha part of American culture 文 化 6 Actually 实际上 love is a part of every culture not just American culture People all over the worldsearch 寻找 forhappiness in a loving 爱的 relationship 关系 Maybe love does make the world go around Lesson7 重点文章 翻译文章 1 2 3 段 1Although recent years have seensubstantial 大量的 reductions 减 少 innoxious 有毒的 pollutants 污染物质 from individual 个人 的 motor vehicles 机动车辆 thenumber of such vehicles has been steadily 稳定地 increasing 增加 Consequently 因此 There is a growing realization 认识 that the only effective 有效的 way to achieve 实现 further reductions in vehicleemissions 排放 short of 除 之外 a massive 大量的 shift 去掉 away from theprivate 私 人的 automobile 汽车 is to replace 取代 代替 conventional 传 统的 diesel 柴油 fuel 燃料 and gasoline 汽油 with cleaner burning fuels suchas 例如 compressed 压缩的 natural gas 天然气 liquefied 液化的 petroleum 石油 gas ethanol 乙醇 ormethanol 甲醇 2of these alternatives 替换物 are carbon based fuels whosemolecules 分子 are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline 汽油 On the other hand alternative fuels do havedrawbacks 缺点 aserious 严 重的 liability 不利 in terms of 就 而言 performance 外观 表演 and fuel efficiency 3Ethanol 乙醇 iscommonly 通常地 used as a gasolinesupplement 补充 but it iscurrently 当前 about twice as expensive asmethanol 甲醇 Lesson8 语法为主 1 They are the principles 原则 准则 on which my wife and I have tried to bring up our family They are the principles in which my father believed and by whichhe governed 统治 管理 his life They are the principles many of them which I learned at my mother sknee 膝盖 5 I believe in thesupreme 最高的 worth 价值 of theindividual 个 人 and in his right to life liberty 自由 and thepursuit 追求 追赶 of happiness 6 I believe that everyright implies 含有 暗示 aresponsibility 责任 7 I believe thatthe law 法律 was made for man and not man for the law 8 I believe in thedignity 高尚 尊贵 of labor 劳动 9 I believe thatthrift 节约 is essential 必不可少的 to Lesson9 语法为主 2 There are many similarities 相似 between public speaking anddaily 日常的 conversation 交谈 You tailor 修改 your message to your audience You tell astory for maximum 最大的 impact 影响 You adapt to 适应于 feedback 反馈 from your listener 3 Of course public speaking is also different from conversation First public speaking is more highly structured 结构 than conversation itrequires 需要 more detailed 详细的 preparation 准备 than does ordinary conversation Effective speakers adjust 调整 their voices to the larger audience and work atavoiding 避免 distracting 分散 physical 身体的 mannerism 特殊习惯 and verbal 口头的 habits 习惯 4 Your speech class will give you anopportunity 机会 togain confidence 信心 and make your nervousness work for you rather than 而不 against you if youthink positively 积极地 choose speech topics you really careabout 关心 preparethoroughly 彻底地 and concentrate on 将 集中于 communicating with your audience 5 Whatever the speakercommunicates 传达 is the message which is sent by means of aparticular 特殊的 channel Lesson10 语法为主 1 For any woman who has dreamed of Knight 骑士 in shiningarmor 铠 甲 the perfect man or just a man who would give up the TV remote control you have found him here 3 He is mainly occupied in merely removing 搬开 the obstacles 障碍 which hinder 阻碍 the free and unembarrassed 不尴尬的 action of those about him 6 he can recollect 回忆 to whom he is speaking 9 He has too much good sense to beaffronted 被侮辱的 atinsults 辱 骂 侮辱 he is too well employed to rememberinjuries 伤害 and tooindolent 懒惰的 to bear malice 恶意 Lesson11 重点文章 阅读 翻译 1 Americans smoke six thousand millioncigarettes 香烟 every year 1970 figures This is roughly 大体上 theequivalent 等量 相等的 of 4 195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more It is estimated 估计 that 51 of American men smoke compared with 34 of American women 2 Since1939 numerous 许多的 scientific studies have been conducted todetermine 确定 whether smoking is a health hazard 危险 The trend 趋势 of the evidence 证据 has been consistent 一致的 and indicates 表明 that there is a serious health risk Research teams have conducted studiesthat show beyond 除 之外 all reasonable doubt that tobacco 烟草 烟叶 smoking particularly 特别 cigarette smoking is associated with 联系 shortened life expectancy 平均寿命 3 Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers inthis field to be an important factor 因素 in the development of cancer of the lungs 肺 and cancer of the throat 咽喉 and is believed to be related to cancer of thebladder 膀胱 and the oralcavity 口 腔 4 Some competent 有能力的 physicians 内科医生 and research workers though their small number is decreased even further are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health 5 Apart from the scientific statistics it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body 6 Smoking also affectsthe heart and blood vessels 血管 It is known to be related to Beurger s disease a narrowing ofthe small veins 静 脉 in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even toamputation 截肢手术 of limbs 肢 Smokers also die much more often from heart disease 7 While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking Lesson12 阅读文章 6 How long have you been doing this hepursued 追赶 继续 17 She discovered 发现 how clay 粘土 beds which existed 存在 for millions of years were formed 20 Some were so small they could stand on the head of a pin 大头针 while others were so large one could feel the weight 重量 of them in one s hand 24 If given a chance will you take it If given no chance can you make one Lesson13 阅读文章 1 Alberta islocated 坐落 in the western part of Canada and is thewesternmost 最西的 among thePrairie 大草原 Provinces To its westis British Columbia 哥伦比亚 while to its east isSaskatchewan 萨斯喀彻温省 2 With an area ofapproximately 大约 255 212 square miles 英里 equivalent 相等的 相当的 to 661 000 squarekilometers 公 里 it is the fourth largest province in Canada The province was named after Princess Louis Caroline Alberta a daughter of Queen Victoria of England It became a province of Canada in 1905 3 The people of Alberta originally 起初 原来 came from many different countries Although there are only a limited 有限的 number of Indiansliving on reservations 保留地 now two hundred years ago theywere the only inhabitants 居民 in what is now called Alberta 4 Even now raising cattle is still one of the leading branches of economy Alberta is also rich inforest resources 资源 coal and oil It is one of the main timber 木材 producing provinces in Canada Owing to 由 于 itsrich deposit 储蓄 矿藏 in oil petroleum industry has become one of the most importantindustries of the province with many oil fields 油田 andrefineries 炼油厂 Alberta also produces more coal than any other province 5 The third largest city isLethbridge 莱斯桥 having a population of about 67 000 persons 7 Alberta is located in the MountainStandard 标准 TimeZone 时区 Lesson14 以前的翻译 阅读文章 语法为主 1 Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil Take a look at your day 2 All owe their origin 起源 来源 to the oil known as petroleum 4 Scientists predict 预言 that the world s known oilresources 资源 will run out early in the next century But long before then the world will have to decide on its priorities 优先权 Can we afford 提供 买得起 to use so much of ourlimited 有限的 petroleum supplies forprivate 私人的 motoring 5 There is an old English saying Necessity 需要 is the mother of invention 发明 which means that when you are faced with a need youwill discover 发现 some way Lesson15 语法为主 2 Weare aware 知道的 thatat the end of the central 中心的 hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear 3 Animals such as dogs and cats also haveconspicuous 明显的 outer ears but few of usprobably 大概 可能 ever stopped to think whether there might be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath thosepointed 尖的 tips 末端 7 The inner ear is composed ofdelicate 脆弱的 membranes 薄膜 which beardense 密集的 patches 小片 ofspecialized 特殊的 cells calledmaculae macula 斑疹 10 Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animalsby the effect 影响 of pressure 压力 is not definitely 明确地 known Lesson16 阅读文章为主 1 Most people have heard ofthe Tower of Babel 巴别塔 story in theBible 圣经 2 As English and German speakers constitute 组成 构成 the majorities in several of the world s mosteconomically 经济地 militarily 军事 地 and technologically 科技地 developed countries it is important to be familiar with thisparticular 特殊的 详情 language grouping 3 The Scandinavian languagesof Danish 丹麦语 Icelandic 冰岛 语 Norwegian 挪威语 and Swedish 瑞典语 comprise 构成 包含 the North Germanic grouping 5 Speakers and writers of the Germanic languages account for 2010考题 a great deal of the world soutput 产 品 in everything fromeconomics 经济 toliterature 文学 tomilitary 军事 to science and technology Hardly an aspect 方面 of modern life does not benefit from the contributions 贡献 made by those using these languages Lesson17 阅读文章 5 6 7段落为主 1 Coca Cola is the best selling 最畅销的 soft 软的 non alcoholic drink in the world 165 million Cokes are sold every day fromthe equator 赤道 tothe Arctic 北极 Lesson18 重点文章 阅读为主 1 One of the odder 奇怪的 coincidences 巧合 of physical 自然的 geography 地理 is the fact that there are twodouble 双的 islands roughly 大体上 the same size positioned at each other santipodes 相对极 orfarthest distant 遥远的 point 2 Given the beauty of these three islands what makes South Island sospecial 特殊的 特别的 4 With almost no heavy industry on South Island the air water and land are all free of pollution 5 The fresh air is sometimes humid 潮湿的 from the abundant 2010 年考题 大量的 rainfall of this area Lesson19 非重点文章 1 Newspapers arecockroaches 蟑螂 No matter what is introduced into the mediaecosystem 生态系统 the oldestof the Big Media survives 幸存 存活 Despite 尽管 decades 十年 of doomsayers 凶事预 示者 newspapers prospered 成功 兴旺 through radio Lesson20 非重点文章 虚拟语气 If Lincoln Had Used a Computer如 果林肯使用过计算机 1 The ad for a software 软件 program 程序 caught my eye It said Write better in 30 days or your money back 2 I m familiar with computer programs thatcorrect 纠正 spelling through the use of built in 内置 dictionaries Lesson21 无知识点 Lesson22 翻译文章 生僻的单 词不用看 An Introduction to Distillation 1 for example gasolines 汽油 2 Refining petroleum is a complex 复 杂的 series of steps by which theoriginal 最初的 crude material is eventually converted 转化 intosalable 可销售的 products with thedesired 渴望的 qualities 质量 3 that is crude oil must be converted into products according to the rate of sale of each To prevent theoccurrence 发生 of such a situation the refinery must beflexible 灵活的 and able to change operations as needed Lesson23 知识点为主 1 Speaking English fluently 流利地 and accurately 准确地 is a goal of many people studying English in China Fluency 流利 can besimply 2010年考题 defined 定义 as being able to communicate 交流 交 际 ideas without having to stop and think too much about what one is saying So how do we balance 平衡 accuracy 准确 and fluency in spoken English 2 So how do we balance 平衡 accuracy 准确 and fluency in spoken English 4 But if they make a lot of mistakes they may find it difficult to get their ideas across 6 Find the problem What kind of person are you one who focuses on accuracy or one who focuses on fluency 7 If you have a problem with the third person singular try to concentrate on when you make such errors Lesson24 知识点为主 1 Spacecraft 宇宙飞船 from the United States and from Russia have been to the moon and men have walked upon its surface 表面 2 Were scientists right about what the moon would be like 7 The surface itselfranges 变化 from heat of 230 to cold of minus 290 depending upon where the sun is 9 In spite of all we have learned from space flights 太空 飞行 the moon is still ariddle from the distant 遥远的 past Lesson25 知识点为主 1 Books are tomankind 人类 whatmemory 记忆力 is to theindividual 个人 Lesson26 重点文章 翻译 阅读 2 True electricity is one kind of energy However energy comes inmany forms 形式 9 Radiant energy is also called light energy Our mostimportant source 来源 of radiant energy is of course the sun Without it there would be no life for plant life depends upon radiant energy and we depend upon plant life Lesson27 非重点文章 A Handful of 一把 History扑克 手中的历史 Lesson28 语法为主 3 She wassurprised 感到惊奇的 andsuspicious 怀疑的 then when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie 5 When I pulled intoher driveway 车道 she was waiting by the door with her coat on 6 We talked for so long that we missed the movie Lesson29 阅读文章 1 People think a great deal of them so much so that on allthe highest pillars 支柱 in the great cities of the world you will find the figure 塑像 of a conqueror or a general or a soldier Animalsfight 搏斗 so dosavages 野蛮人 Fighting means killing and civilized peoples 民族 ought to be able to find some way of settling theirdisputes 争论 other than byseeing which side can kill off 消 灭 the greater number of the other side 2 That is what the story of mankind 人类 has on the whole been like 3 From the point of view ofevolution 进化 human beings are very young childrenindeed 的确 确实 Lesson30 重点文章语法为主 1 The vast expanse 广阔的区域 of the United States of America stretches 延伸 fromthe heavily industrialized 工业化的 metropolitan 大 城市的 Atlantic 大西洋的 seaboard 海岸 acrossthe rich flat 平 坦的 farms of the centralplains 平原 The entire 全部的 nation all 50 states covers an area of9 million square kilometers and has a population 人口 of 220 million people 2 The sparsely 稀少的 settled 定居 far northern state of Alaska is the largest of America s 50 states It is more than two and a half times the size of Sichuan province Texas in the southern part of the country is second in size Texas is half the size of Alaska 4 America s earlysettlers 移民 were attracted by thefertile land and varied 各种各样的 climates it offered for farming Florida and California are famous for theircitrus 柑橘 fruitsand tropical 热带的 avocados 鳄梨 5 Underground a wealth ofminerals 矿物 provides a solid base 基础 for American industry Texas a big oil producer in the southwest alone accounts for one fifth the value of all U S mineral production 6 America has long been known as a melting pot for it is anation of immigrants 移民 from all over the world The first to arrive from Siberia 西伯利亚 more than 10 000 years ago 7 Tens of millionsflooded 大量涌入 to America s shores from Europe between 1880 and the First World War The next largest group of Americans trace 追溯 theirancestry 祖先 to Africa black people now constitute 构成 over 11 percent of the population 8 Once a nation of farmers the United States has becomeincreasingly urban 城市化 since the turn of the last century 9 Americans are always on the move Each year one in every five Americans leaves home and job to find new ones somewhere else Lesson3